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Gradual: The Case for Incremental Change in a Radical Age

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 43 ratings

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A call to tone down our political rhetoric and embrace a common-sense approach to change.

Many experts believe that we are at a fulcrum moment in history, a time that demands radical shifts in thinking and policymaking. Calls for bold change are everywhere these days, particularly on social media, but is this actually the best way to make the world a better place?

In
Gradual, Greg Berman and Aubrey Fox argue that, contrary to the aspirations of activists on both the right and the left, incremental reform is the best path forward. They begin by emphasizing that the very structure of American government explicitly and implicitly favors incrementalism. Particularly in a time of intense polarization, any effort to advance radical change will inevitably engender significant backlash. As Berman and Fox make clear, polling shows little public support for bold change. The public is, however, willing to endorse a broad range of incremental reforms that, if implemented, would reduce suffering and improve fairness. To illustrate how incremental changes can add up to significant change over time, Berman and Fox provide portraits of "heroic incrementalists" who have produced meaningful reforms in a variety of areas, from the expansion of Social Security to more recent efforts to reduce crime and incarceration.

Gradual is a bracing call for a "radical realism" that prioritizes honesty, humility, nuance, and respect in an effort to transcend political polarization and reduce the conflict produced by social media.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

"'Gradual' makes a passionate and convincing argument for incrementalism." -- The Economist

"Practical and satisfying." -- Tyler Cowen, Times Literary Supplement

"A welcome and necessary corrective to what ails much of our current thinking about transformative social change. Berman and Fox offer an illuminating roadmap for action that finds persuasive precedent in the cumulative capacity of modest steps to address profound challenges." -- Daniel F. Wilhelm, President, The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation

"Berman and Fox have written a deeply wise and richly insightful book about the possibilities for social policy change. Illustrated by a wealth of examples from different policy areas―including their own experiences as criminal justice reformers―they argue that incremental reforms sustained over a long period have the capacity to make bigger, more impactful, and lasting change than can usually be attained from any single sweeping reform. This engaging book is both highly accessible to general readers and grounded in the scholarly literature. It will be a terrific addition to courses on public policymaking." -- Frances Lee, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs, Princeton University

"Radical incrementalism―the pursuit of revolutionary change over the geological time scale―is the world's most underrated force for social improvement. In this innovative, enjoyable, and sometimes inspiring book, Greg Berman and Aubrey Fox show how stepwise reform brought Social Security to America and safe streets to New York, and why incrementalism, not 'bold action,' is the solution to our most intractable problems. So here's what to do: read Gradual, identify a problem, then find three constructive steps you can take. As a veteran of the fight for same-sex marriage, I can say that the results will surprise you." -- Jonathan Rauch, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution

"In this simply written and powerfully argued book, Berman and Fox make the telling point that incremental measures often produce major changes. Their insightful analysis moves beyond the inflated contemporary rhetoric and helps us understand what drives policy and how we might do better." -- Edward D. Berkowitz, Professor Emeritus of History and Public Policy, George Washington University

"A major contribution to the study of incrementalism. Berman and Fox make a compelling case for the superiority of incrementalism as a way to make policies. While incrementalism can be a purposeful strategy, it may also result from many independent and uncoordinated changes (a phenomenon they call 'accidental incrementalism') or from what they call 'practitioner vetoes' in the implementation process." -- Michael Hayes, Professor Emeritus, Colgate University

"Excellent for collections on public policy, social change, and American politics." -- Choice

"Gradual ' makes a passionate and convincing argument for incrementalism." -- The Economist

Book Description

A call to tone down our political rhetoric and embrace a common-sense approach to change.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press (March 28, 2023)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 240 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0197637043
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0197637043
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 9.3 x 0.93 x 6.49 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 43 ratings

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Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
43 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on May 31, 2024
This book is an important read for anyone frustrated with the pace of change in Washington. The authors present historical examples to back their thesis and credibility make the case that thoughtfulness and actionability in policymaking should trump soundbites for grand change.
Reviewed in the United States on February 28, 2023
What a wise and hopeful antidote to today's angry political discourse. Incremental, gradual change gets a bad rap as too little, too late. But this book shows in plain, punchy language why that verdict is exactly backward. Extremism and zero-sum games may entertain partisan combatants, but they do not drive real social change -- the kind of change we must always strive for, realistically; not utopias, but an ever-improving society.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 12, 2024
This book's thesis is descriptive and normative: The good social and political changes in America were gradual, and gradualism is the recommended way to implement new changes. The main problem with this argument is that the book presents no criteria for differentiation between revolution and gradual changes. The authors claim (in the final chapter) that incrementalism is consistent with big changes in each step, and a fast rate of changes. Therefore, one can always claim that a given change is gradual. Hence, the book’s thesis is in principle irrefutable. Still, the book is recommended since it includes interesting surveys. I mainly enjoyed reading the reviews about the creation of Social Security, the reduction of violent crime, and immigration.
Reviewed in the United States on March 14, 2024
The authors are a couple of experienced reformers who convincingly argue that calls for drastic change are counter-productive partisan noise-making and should be discounted, whether from the Right or the Left. Citing numerous examples from the past century of American history, they show that incremental change will usually be more effective in the long run.
Reviewed in the United States on April 12, 2023
Greg Berman and Aubrey Fox make a compelling case for incrementalism in a world that would appear to be completely at odds with such an approach. Appear is the operative word here. Berman and Fox make an equally compelling case that the majority of Americans are - and want to be - incrementalists. They do this through data and an impressive historical tour through the founding of Social Security, immigration reform and criminal justice in New York City, among others. I learned a great deal. Many of my assumptions were challenged, and I found myself with a playbook to create long-lasting change and a belief that our systems are much more functional than we are often led to believe. I am buying copies for my friends.
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Top reviews from other countries

Vlad Thelad
5.0 out of 5 stars Radical realism
Reviewed in Canada on April 21, 2023
The authors, Berman and Fox, readily admit that incrementalism is unsexy. It certainly does not fit in soundbites, whip up and excite the masses, nor pander to extremisms. Which is why making the case for incremental change is so critical in this radical age. Gradual is a necessary book. Although it is circumscribed to the U.S., its analyses and conclusions transcend the examples it covers. It addresses the main criticisms of incrementalism, and articulates how it can overcome real-world obstacles. As a counterpoint to bold schemes and utopian dreams, the authors root their approach to incrementalism in four core values: honesty, humility, nuance, and respect. I will not attempt to summarized them here, but invite any policymaker, practitioner, or activist to read this book. Significant change can be achieved through incremental change.