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Gravity’s Century: From Einstein’s Eclipse to Images of Black Holes Hardcover – Illustrated, May 6, 2019
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A sweeping account of the century of experimentation that confirmed Einstein’s general theory of relativity, bringing to life the science and scientists at the origins of relativity, the development of radio telescopes, the discovery of black holes and quasars, and the still unresolved place of gravity in quantum theory.
Albert Einstein did nothing of note on May 29, 1919, yet that is when he became immortal. On that day, astronomer Arthur Eddington and his team observed a solar eclipse and found something extraordinary: gravity bends light, just as Einstein predicted. The finding confirmed the theory of general relativity, fundamentally changing our understanding of space and time.
A century later, another group of astronomers is performing a similar experiment on a much larger scale. The Event Horizon Telescope, a globe-spanning array of radio dishes, is examining space surrounding Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. As Ron Cowen recounts, the foremost goal of the experiment is to determine whether Einstein was right on the details. Gravity lies at the heart of what we don’t know about quantum mechanics, but tantalizing possibilities for deeper insight are offered by black holes. By observing starlight wrapping around Sagittarius A*, the telescope will not only provide the first direct view of an event horizon―a black hole’s point of no return―but will also enable scientists to test Einstein’s theory under the most extreme conditions.
Gravity’s Century shows how we got from the pivotal observations of the 1919 eclipse to the Event Horizon Telescope, and what is at stake today. Breaking down the physics in clear and approachable language, Cowen makes vivid how the quest to understand gravity is really the quest to comprehend the universe.
- Print length192 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard University Press
- Publication dateMay 6, 2019
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.7 x 8.25 inches
- ISBN-100674974964
- ISBN-13978-0674974968
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“[Cowen’s] brisk, engaging narrative leads us from Einstein’s famous ‘thought experiments’ through theorists’ many (so far unsuccessful) attempts to marry quantum mechanics with general relativity, and up to recent (more successful) efforts to observe gravitational waves and black holes.”―Wall Street Journal
“There are some extremely clever ways to visualize how gravitation works in a Universe governed by General Relativity under a wide variety of physical conditions, and Cowen explores many of the classic ways you've probably seen before along with some incredibly creative ones that were new, even to me.”―Ethan Siegel, Forbes
“A brief, accessible account of the 1919 eclipse and subsequent advances in cosmology, touching upon dark matter, dark energy, quantum gravity, and black holes. It’s a very quick and readable introduction to some of the exotic findings that came in Einstein’s wake.”―Bookforum
“This is as good a short introduction to Einstein’s thought as one could wish for.”―Simon Ings, The Spectator
“In a conversational style, the veteran physics writer chronicles the field’s greatest hits in the century since a solar eclipse proved Einstein was right.”―Gemma Tarlach, Discover
“A breezy and enjoyable read, a welcome addition to a crowded shelf of books on these topics.”―Peter Coles, Nature
“Gravity’s Century is remarkably easy to follow and read. If you are a keen beginner, or just interested in some of the people behind the science, read this book.”―Laura Nuttall, BBC Sky at Night
“This gracefully written history of 20th-century gravity research from science writer Cowen shines a light on a key aspect of modern physics…Filled with vivid descriptions of cutting-edge work and the scientists behind it, Cowen’s book is fascinating, both a learning experience and a pleasure to read.”―Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“A clear and compelling narrative about the development of our understanding of gravity and the universe, powered by Einstein and his cohorts. Cowen weaves together the historical and personal events leading to this revolution and brings us up to date with the ideas and speculations that will likely forge an even newer and more radical understanding of the nature of the world.”―George F. Smoot, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics
“Einstein’s general theory of relativity radically changed our notions of space, gravity, and time. Gravity’s Century takes us from Einstein’s struggle to develop his theory up to the modern day―when the detection of gravitational waves from black holes has confirmed general relativity’s most audacious claims, even as scientists are still trying to reconcile the theory with the other great idea of twentieth-century physics, quantum mechanics.”―David Spergel, Princeton University
“Accessible and compact…A great introduction to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and the century of research that has been testing his ideas since.”―Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist
“A concise chronicle of the dramatic expansion of our knowledge of the universe, from the eclipse expeditions of 1919 to test Einstein’s theory of relativity, to the Event Horizon Telescope’s black hole images of 2019.”―Mike Perricone, Symmetry
“Clear and readily intelligible to the non-specialist.”―Johannes E. Riutta, Well-Read Naturalist
“Its informal, readable style hides an enormous amount of physics and a fair share of history.”―Choice
“[An] enjoyable read…Cowen does a good job of breaking down ideas so that they are easily understood…I would recommend Gravity’s Century to anyone with an interest in astrophysics in general, or in gravitation in particular.”―Earl Patrick Bellinger, Metascience
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Harvard University Press; Illustrated edition (May 6, 2019)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 192 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674974964
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674974968
- Item Weight : 12.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.7 x 8.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,444,188 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #305 in Physics of Gravity (Books)
- #772 in Relativity Physics (Books)
- #3,274 in Astrophysics & Space Science (Books)
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- Reviewed in the United States on September 12, 2023Gravity, space, black holes... oh my! All great topics of study for the science and space types. Found this informative and a great read.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 6, 2023Gravity’s Century: From Einstein’s Eclipse to Images of Black Holes by Rob Cowen
“Gravity’s Century” provides a historical account of gravity. Award-winning science writer Rob Cowen takes the reader on a journey of discovery in which general relativity plays a prominent role. This interesting 180-page book includes the following eight chapters: 1. Genesis, 2. From Turmoil to Triumph, 3. Eddington on a Mission, 4. Expanding the Universe, 5. Black Holes and Testing General Relativity, 6. Quantum Gravity, 7. Hearing Black Holes, and 8. Imaging Black Holes.
Positives:
1. Accessible and well-written book.
2. The fascinating topic of general relativity and black holes.
3. At only 180 pages and with optional deeper dive sections this book is accessible and brief. Cowen keeps math to the minimum while complimenting the narrative with plenty of visual material.
4. Easy to follow format and provides deeper dive sections for readers wanting a more depth.
5. Capture the sense of awe of scientific discovery.
6. Interesting account of Einstein’s life that molded him into the scientist that he became.
7. Defines and explains key terms throughout the book. “Gravity is an equal-opportunity interaction—it affects all objects in the same way, regardless of their mass, size, shape, electric charge, or other properties.”
8. The characteristics of gravity. “But in 1911, Einstein realized that the Sun’s gravitational field should be strong enough to noticeably bend passing starlight. The effect could in theory be observed during a solar eclipse, when the Sun’s brilliant disk is dimmed. His prediction was validated by observations during the solar eclipse of 1919. It became the most celebrated confirmation of Einstein’s theory.”
9. Key concepts the resonated with me. “In this never-ending cosmic dance, as the theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler would later put it, mass tells space-time how to curve, space-time tells matter how to move.”
10. An excellent deeper dive section that explains the meaning of Einstein’s equation. “It has revealed that the universe is expanding, that spinning objects drag space-time along with them the way the blades of a blender drag pancake batter, and that gravity acts as a zoom lens to reveal some of the first galaxies born in the universe, nearly 14 billion years ago.”
11. Fascinating factoids. “Because of the amazing cosmic coincidence that the Moon is 1 / 400th the size of the Sun yet is 400 times closer, the Moon blots out the entire Sun, creating a total solar eclipse.”
12. The scientific experiments that confirmed Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Eddington concluded: “After a careful study of the plates I am prepared to say there can be no doubt that they confirm Einstein’s prediction. A very definite result has been obtained that light is deflected in accordance with Einstein’s law of gravitation.”
13. Solving the expanding universe issue. “In 1927, the French priest and physicist Georges Lemaître independently found a solution for an expanding universe using Einstein’s theory. Because he had access to telescope observations that Friedmann did not, Lemaître went further than his predecessor had. Lemaître asserted that a galaxy’s light is stretched in frequency by the expansion of space itself. The longer the light’s journey, the more the universe had expanded and the greater the light’s redshift, he predicted.”
14. Looks at the discovery that confirmed the Big Bang. “Ultimately, the researchers had to conclude that a faint microwave hiss bathed the entire sky. They didn’t realize they had discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB)—the Big Bang’s leftover heat, the ancient radiation that first streamed freely into space when the cosmos was about 380,000 years old.”
15. Examines black holes. “Combining quantum theory with Einstein’s theory of gravity, Oppenheimer and Volkoff calculated that if the initial mass of a star was sufficiently large, its neutron-star core would be too heavy to resist gravity and it would undergo a further, catastrophic collapse. (Recent studies indicate that any neutron star greater than 2.16 times the Sun’s mass will succumb to gravity.) In a follow-up paper by Oppenheimer and his student Hartland Snyder, they described what would happen: “The star thus tends to close itself off from any communication with a distant observer; only its gravitational field persists.” A black hole is born.”
16. Dark matter and dark energy. “Dark energy and dark matter, the primary sources of gravity, are essentially in a tug-of-war: dark matter pulls material together, while dark energy tries to pry it apart.”
17. Discover one of the weirdest concepts in physics. I won’t spoil it.
18. The elusive quantum gravity. “The other fundamental forces in nature—the electromagnetic force between electrically charged particles and the strong and weak nuclear forces that affect particles inside the atomic nucleus—all have a successful quantum theory. But even Einstein, who spent years trying to unify gravity and quantum theory, failed to do so.”
19. Hearing black holes. “Although astronomers have long suspected that neutron star mergers could form a black hole, until now they had lacked strong evidence. The chirp that LIGO and Virgo heard from the August 17 event could indeed have been the birth cry of a black hole.”
20. A look at how to image black holes.
Negatives:
1. No formal bibliography.
2. No notes or links.
In summary, Rob Cowen does a wonderful job of taking the reader through the key events leading to the discovery of general relativity and the ramifications it has on our understanding of the universe. It’s written for the average layperson but also provides deeper dive sections for those wanting more. I recommend it.
Further recommendations: “Black Holes” by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw, “General Relativity” by Leonard Susskind, “Gravity” by Nicholas Mee, “Reality is Not What It Seems: The Journey to Quantum Gravity” by Carlo Rovelli, “The God Equation” by Mivhio Kaku, “The Irresistible Attraction to Gravity” by Luciano Rezzolla, “The Edge of Knowledge” by Lawrence M. Krauss, “Einstein” by Walter Isaacson, “Black Holes & Time Warps” by Kip S. Thorne, “The Grand Design” and “A Brief History of Time”by Stephen Hawking, “Death by Black Hole” and “Welcome to the Universe” by Neil DeGrasse Tyson”.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 11, 2023I almost gave up understanding Einstein's thinking when I stumbled on this book. Highly recommended for someone who wants to follow the basic idea of current physics without the complexity of math. Bonus; it is fun!
- Reviewed in the United States on February 25, 2020Disclaimer: I knew the author in grad school. I am a physicist who is not an expert in this particular area, but had some course work in general relativity. This book gives a good overview of this topic and how it evolved in the last hundred years. It is written in an easy style for the non-expert to follow without needing a math background, and get a good feel for general relativity and the experimental efforts that have resulted in data that support Einstein's theory.
- Reviewed in the United States on November 28, 2021Mr. Cowen writes about subjects I wouldn't expect to understand; as he does in his articles, he communicates with clarity and wit in his first book. Recommended highly!
- Reviewed in the United States on June 7, 2021This is complicated, counterintuitive material, but this book makes it easy as possible to understand the past and present of our understanding of gravity. I enjoyed the Audible version so much that when I finished it, I just started over again at the beginning.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 18, 2020Greatly interesting and enjoyable read. Fascinating historical account of the history behind Einstein's discoveries, along with the right balance of superbly explained scientific background allows the reader to deeply grasp the challenging concepts.
Top reviews from other countries
Abhijit DattaReviewed in India on June 15, 20215.0 out of 5 stars The study of gravitational waves by LIGO.
An excellent blend of science and history of science over the last hundred years. A simplest drscription of viewing gravity and hearing as well

