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Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now Hardcover – March 24, 2015
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Continuing her journey from a deeply religious Islamic upbringing to a post at Harvard, the brilliant, charismatic and controversial New York Times and Globe and Mail #1 bestselling author of Infidel and Nomad makes a powerful plea for a Muslim Reformation as the only way to end the horrors of terrorism, sectarian warfare and the repression of women and minorities.
Today, she argues, the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims can be divided into a minority of extremists, a majority of observant but peaceable Muslims and a few dissidents who risk their lives by questioning their own religion. But there is only one Islam and, as Hirsi Ali shows, there is no denying that some of its key teachings—not least the duty to wage holy war—are incompatible with the values of a free society.
For centuries it has seemed as if Islam is immune to change. But Hirsi Ali has come to believe that a Muslim Reformation—a revision of Islamic doctrine aimed at reconciling the religion with modernity—is now at hand, and may even have begun. The Arab Spring may now seem like a political failure. But its challenge to traditional authority revealed a new readiness—not least by Muslim women—to think freely and to speak out.
Courageously challenging the jihadists, she identifies five key amendments to Islamic doctrine that Muslims have to make to bring their religion out of the seventh century and into the twenty-first. And she calls on the Western world to end its appeasement of the Islamists. “Islam is not a religion of peace,” she writes. It is the Muslim reformers who need our backing, not the opponents of free speech.
Interweaving her own experiences, historical analogies and powerful examples from contemporary Muslim societies and cultures, Heretic is not a call to arms, but a passionate plea for peaceful change and a new era of global toleration. In the wake of the Charlie Hebdo murders, with jihadists killing thousands from Nigeria to Syria to Pakistan, this book offers an answer to what is fast becoming the world’s number one problem.
- Print length288 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarper
- Publication dateMarch 24, 2015
- Dimensions6 x 0.97 x 9 inches
- ISBN-100062333933
- ISBN-13978-0062333933
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Editorial Reviews
Review
Praise for Infidel: “Brave, inspiring, and beautifully written…Narrated in clear, vigorous prose, it traces the author’s geographical journey from Mogadishu to Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Kenya, and her desperate flight to the Netherlands to escape an arranged marriage.” — The New York Times
“Ayaan Hirsi Ali is one of Europe’s most controversial political figures and a target for terrorists. A notably enigmatic personality whose fierce criticisms of Islam have made her a darling of...conservatives...and...popular with leftists...Soft-spoken but passionate.” — Boston Globe
“Crammed with harrowing details, Hirsi Ali’s account is a significant contribution to our times.” — Kirkus (starred review)
“A powerful, compelling read…Put simply, this woman is a heroine.” — The Christian Science Monitor
“A charismatic figure...of arresting and hypnotizing beauty...[who writes] with quite astonishing humor and restraint.” — Christopher Hitchens
“The five areas for Islamic reform highlighted by Ayaan in this book require deep consideration by my fellow Muslims…I thank Ayaan for having the resilience and determination to help in continuing this ongoing conversation.” — Maajid Nawaz, Co-founder and Chair of Quilliam, counter-extremism think-tank
“She is absolutely right to raise difficult issues that must be addressed worldwide, especially by Muslims...I hope that this book will help to stimulate vital discussions for the future of Islam, and in fact for the future of humanity.” — Sheikh Dr. Usama Hasan, imam and Islamic scholar
“Audacious? Quixotic? Visionary? Necessary? All of the above. This an urgent, complicated, risky subject, and Hirsi Ali, valiant, indomitable, and controversial, offers a potent indictment, idealistic blueprint, and galvanizing appeal to both conscience and reason.” — Donna Seaman, Booklist
“Whatever one may think of her solutions, Hirsi Ali should be commended for her unblinking determination to address the problem.” — Andrew Anthony, The Guardian
“A book full of compassion.” — Paul Steenhuis, NRC Handelsblad
“Surprisingly constructive…[Hirsi Ali] goes to work with much reasonability and significant knowledge of the subject matter” — Carel Peeters, Vrij Nederland
“We ignore her quill to our shame and peril.” — Katherine Ernst, City Journal
“Hirsi Ali offers a fine example for the braver souls among us.” — Michael Totten, Commentary
From the Back Cover
Is Islam A Religion of Peace?
In what is sure to be her most controversial book to date, Ayaan Hirsi Ali makes a powerful case that a religious Reformation is the only way to end the terrorism, sectarian warfare, and repression of women and minorities that each year claim thousands of lives throughout the Muslim world. With bracing candor, the brilliant, charismatic, and uncompromising author of the bestselling Infidel and Nomad argues that it is foolish to insist, as our leaders habitually do, that the violent acts of Islamic extremists can be divorced from the religious doctrine that inspires them. Instead we must confront the fact that they are driven by a political ideology embedded in Islam itself.
Today, Hirsi Ali argues, the world's 1.6 billion Muslims can be divided into a minority of extremists, a majority of observant but peaceable Muslims, and a few dissidents who risk their lives by questioning their own religion. But there is only one Islam, and as Hirsi Ali shows, there is no denying that some of its key teachings—not least the duty to wage holy war—inspire violence not just in the Muslim world but in the West as well.
For centuries it has seemed that Islam is immune to historical change. But Hirsi Ali is surprisingly optimistic. She has come to believe that a Muslim "Reformation"—a revision of Islamic doctrine aimed at reconciling the religion with modernity—is at hand, and may even already have begun.
Partly in response to the barbaric atrocities of Islamic State and Boko Haram, Muslims around the world have at last begun to speak out for religious reform. Meanwhile, events in the West, such as the shocking Charlie Hebdo massacre, have forced Western liberals to recognize that political Islam poses a mortal threat to free speech. Yet neither Muslim reformers nor Western liberals have so far been able to articulate a coherent program for a Muslim Reformation.
This is where Heretic comes in. Boldly challenging centuries of theological orthodoxy, Ayaan Hirsi Ali proposes five key amendments to Islamic doctrine that Muslims must make if they are to bring their religion out of the seventh century and into the twenty-first. She also calls upon the Western world to end its appeasement of radical Islamists—and to drop the bogus argument that those who stand up to them are guilty of "Islamophobia." It is the Muslim reformers who need our backing, she argues, not the opponents of free speech.
Interweaving her own experiences, historical analogies, and powerful examples from contemporary Muslim societies and cultures, Heretic is not so much a call to arms as a passionate plea for peaceful change and a new era of global tolerance. As jihadists kill thousands, from Nigeria to Syria to Pakistan, this book offers an answer to what is fast becoming the world's number one problem.
About the Author
Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a Somali-born women’s rights activist, free speech advocate, and the New York Times bestselling author of Infidel, The Caged Virgin, Nomad, Heretic, and The Challenge of Dawa. Born in Mogadishu, Somalia, she grew up in Africa and the Middle East, before seeking asylum in the Netherlands, where she went on to become a member of parliament. Today she lives in the United States with her husband and two sons.
Product details
- Publisher : Harper; First Edition (March 24, 2015)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 288 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0062333933
- ISBN-13 : 978-0062333933
- Item Weight : 15.3 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.97 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #853,480 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #211 in Women in Islam (Books)
- #633 in Human Rights Law (Books)
- #818 in Human Rights (Books)
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About the author

Ayaan Hirsi Ali was born in Mogadishu, Somalia, was raised Muslim, and spent her childhood and young adulthood in Africa and Saudi Arabia. In 1992, Hirsi Ali came to the Netherlands as a refugee. She earned her college degree in political science and worked for the Dutch Labor party. She denounced Islam after the September 11 terrorist attacks and now serves as a Dutch parliamentarian, fighting for the rights of Muslim women in Europe, the enlightenment of Islam, and security in the West.
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By Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Reviewed by Jack Kettler
A Bio:
Ayaan Hirsi Ali was born in Mogadishu, Somalia. She was raised as a Muslim, and spent her childhood and young adulthood in Africa and Saudi Arabia and Nairobi, Kenya. In 1992, She came to the Netherlands as a refugee. She earned her college degree in political science and worked for the Dutch Labor party. She condemned Islam after the September 11th World Trade Center terrorist attacks. In the past she has been an elected Dutch parliamentarian. She distinguished herself by fighting for the rights of Muslim women in Europe, the enlightenment of Islam, and security in the West. In addition, Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a New York Times bestselling author of Infidel, Nomad, and The Caged Virgin. She is prominent speaker, debater, and journalist, she was chosen as one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in the world. She is now a fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. She is the founder of the AHA Foundation, which fights female genital mutilation (FGM).
What others are saying:
“Brave, inspiring, and beautifully written…Narrated in clear, vigorous prose, it traces the author’s geographical journey from Mogadishu to Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Kenya, and her desperate flight to the Netherlands to escape an arranged marriage.” - The New York Times
“Ayaan Hirsi Ali is one of Europe’s most controversial political figures and a target for terrorists. A notably enigmatic personality whose fierce criticisms of Islam have made her a darling of...conservatives...and...popular with leftists...Soft-spoken but passionate.” - Boston Globe
“Crammed with harrowing details, Hirsi Ali’s account is a significant contribution to our times.” - Kirkus Review
“A powerful, compelling read…Put simply, this woman is a heroine.” - The Christian Science Monitor
“A charismatic figure...of arresting and hypnotizing beauty...[who writes] with quite astonishing humor and restraint.” - Christopher Hitchens
“A book full of compassion.” - Paul Steenhuis, NRC Handelsblad
“We ignore her quill to our shame and peril.” - Katherine Ernst, City Journal
“Hirsi Ali offers a fine example for the braver souls among us.” - Michael Totten, Commentary
My thoughts on the book:
Ayaan Hirsi Ali's intellect matches her extraordinary beauty in every way. She contends that it's foolish ignorance to believe that the barbarous demonstrations of Muslim violence can be considered separate from the theological and philosophical Islamic belief system's framework that ultimately creates these acts. She makes the case that this violence is driven by a religious political belief system embedded in the core of Islam's most sacred texts itself, the Quran and Hadiths. She puts forth a credible defense of her thesis that a reformation is needed to stop the Muslim suppression of women and it's relentless persecution and murder of non-Muslim minorities that happens throughout the entire Muslim world and is increasing exponentially in the West.
She makes the case that Mohammad incorporated and codified 7th century Arabic cultural norms and practices along with superstitions into a religious formulation that can never be criticized or challenged under a divine ordered penalty of death. Her chapter, Shacked by Sharia: How Islam's harsh religious code keep Muslims stuck in the Seventh Century is a case in point and a indispensable chapter for understanding Sharia law and its cultural onslaught and conflict with the Western societal norms. Islamic supremacy is most ominous crazed force I have ever seen.
Ayaan Hirsi Ali believes that a “Reformation”of the entire Muslim theological and philosophical framework that will lead to accommodation, innovation and tolerance of non-Muslims is at hand. I have a hard time believing this, but hope she is right. I hope this because the Western world with its abandonment of the Judeo/Christian world view seems incapable of countering the advance of Mohammadism's intractable world view. It seems like the the order of the day among Western leaders is accommodation, appeasement and more politically correct sensitivity training. After increasing jihadist terrorist attacks, Western leaders are reduced to standing in support with the victims as if standing is actually doing something that is meaningful and will lead to the stop of more terrorism. I'm not sure if the terrorists are frightened by political leaders standing together. It probably looks to them like a soft target.
She proposes 5 key changes to Muslim philosophical framework that Muslims should construct on the chance that they're to bring their belief system out of the seventh century and into the 21st.
1. the status of the Quran as the last and immutable word of God and the infallibility of Muhammad as the last divinely inspired messenger;
2. Islam's emphasis on the afterlife over the the here-and-now;
3. the claims of sharia to be a comprehensive system of law governing both the spiritual and temporal realms;
4. the obligation on ordinary Muslims to command right and forbid wrong;
5. the concept of jihad, or holy war. (235)
In conclusion, she says that it is imperative that the West' should help the Muslim reformers rather than their persecutors. Not surprisingly, most Western leaders have appeased front line Muslim invaders like “The Muslim Brotherhood.” Western leaders have done this by blacklisting and shaming these same reformers and specially trained educators and experts in Islamic law and tradition who are warning of the dangers of unbridled non-Muslim assimilation in the West.
Every book written by Ayaan Hirsi Ali, should be read with serious attention. She came from Somalia to fight for our freedoms! “Silence is an accomplish to injustice.” - Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Mr. Kettler is the owner of Undergroundnotes.com a conservative web hub and the author of the new book, The Religion That Started in a Hat: A Reference Manual for Christians who Witness to Mormons that is available at Amazon.
The problems this book never reconciles are in regards to the true foundational changes required to end immoral religious fanaticism. The two pillars she needs to examine deeper are: freedom and reason.
If individuals are not free to embrace reason, we can't expect a culture to develop that embraces individual rights and rejects force or might.
And as long as one embraces faith over reason there is no possibility of moving away from religious mores toward natural ideals. That same broken epistemology can be transplanted and even harvested like it is in Great Britain and America today.
Sadly, Ayaan suggests a reformation that maintains the faith of Islam, updated for modernity. Her argument? Existing religions cannot be "knocked over" like timeworn houses, so let's update them. Her desire to resolve Islam's incompatibility with modernity refuses to address its incompatibility with living, as with any religion.
No alteration or moderation of Islam will ever work. No matter how beautiful you make the house, if the foundation is made from sand it will fail. Any such prescription to the contrary is doomed.
Ayaan just doesn't go deep enough and in that I found myself wanting.
But I am not entirely without hope, and would like to encourage Ms Ali in any way I can. Both Christianity and Judaism have, after all, undergone rigorous reformation which has allowed them to some degree to adapt to modernity. Islam has not reformed its message since its inception in the 7th century, and given the nature and example of their prophet, reform will be very difficult indeed.
It's time to applaud those brave individuals who literally risk their own lives to criticise Islam from an insider's perspective, and my opinion after reading Heretic and watching several videos of Ayaan's public lectures and debates, is that she is the finest of a distinguished group of latter-day heretics.
No matter what you believe or do not believe, this book is required reading if we are to get a glimmer of understanding of the human condition in the 21st century. To be honest, five stars is not enough.
Top reviews from other countries
True this reform is nothing else than a transformation of islam (possible this is one reason of why she tried the 'Reformation' card instead of talking directly about a radical Islamic Enlightenment, to make the idea more palatable to muslims) but how else can one react rationally to the evidence of the last 70 years when Islam moved strongly toward the past in spite of the fact that muslims were left alone to 'clean their own rubbish'*? How much longer to continue with the 'dialogue' narrative, as done in the last at least 70 years, when in fact Reason is far from being rehabilitated in the Islamic world, something which makes very difficult even for rational muslims to accept the necessary important concessions (the same 'no one has the right to change...' is omnipresent in muslim discourse, even at the level of Hadith there is small change compared with the Middle Ages)? A healthy dialogue implies important concessions from both sides, or this is not what comes from the muslim side (rather we have to act as dhimmis via all sort of never-ending concessions to keep them happy, with very little in exchange; this being actually what the Islamic law requires from us). A request for important reform is common sense i'd say, I don't think it is an accident of history that Islam still does not have an equivalent of Liberal Christianity and Reform Judaism, even after a long exposure to Modernity now (in other words inerrancy of the Revelation needs to be dropped). Desperate times call for desperate solutions*.
Can now this be done? I'd say that yes as much as the Enlightenment value of Reason is made popular among muslims (unaided Human Reason can be more important sometimes than even what is clearly written in the Quran, that is inerrancy dropped, acting only against literalism via the famous now so called 'progressive re-interpretations' is not enough), we need a 'critical mass' of muslims who to be the counterpart of Liberal Christians and Reform Jews. Of course i'm afraid this is not possible without putting Islam under critical scrutiny, at least at the level seen in the Biblical criticism, the vain hope of those supporting the postmodernist visions of history, too much relativism there unfortunately, that a 'dialogue' without much criticism is the solution fail to take in account the intrinsic nature of Islam, finally how it treats Reason itself (by the way too much postmodernism is one of the main causes of why the Western civilization moved from one extreme, colonialism, to another one, Saidism, from Edward Said of course, I'm afraid not 'anything goes' at the levels of cultures, we can actually make some objective differences between them without falling in colonialism or discrimination, we can definitely talk of progress, albeit a healthy fallibilism should always be there).
In fact history shows that the modernization of Islam, albeit shallow, has rather been the result of not making concessions to it (true, excesses were made) and of showing that it cannot 'work' as a foundation of the modern state. There was a time when the Westernizers-modernists were much more influential in the muslim world, when even quite many muslims lost faith in the capacity of Islam to be at the basis of the state, not surprisingly before the excesses of cultural relativism. We can do it again. In a perfectly fair way this time, via rational criticism of Islam (protecting Islam from criticism is definitely not a secular right of muslims; finally not our fault that it is how it is, indeed very little internal logic from its basic tenets to a doctrine of divine inspiration of the Quran not based on inerrancy, with Reason itself severely downplayed in religious matters**). The alternative may well be at least an Europe without some key values of Enlightenment, the half-sharia states characteristic to the Islamic world now may move to the West in some circumstances. No one rational wants this to happen so let's better prevent instead of deluding ourselves that this is an impossibility, freeing the rational people in Islam, who have to hide now, being actually a much better alternative than just hoping that the passing of time will somehow (no one knows exactly how) solve everything.
NOTES
* the current paradigms in the fields of Islamic studies and history do actually make a prediction (in spite of the popular view that history is not a science), if islam was that 'tolerant' and 'progressive' in the Middle Ages as suggested by these conjectures then we should expect to see a modern Islam (valid even for some of the old Orientalists). We do not see that I'm afraid even after 70 years, all we have is rather a severely degenerative 'research program' which hint that we need something else. Ayaan's proposal for example
** Bernard Lewis makes very clear the rift between Islam and the other 2 Abrahamic religions in this matter, a stumbling block in the way of sustained progress:
"Arthur Jeffery’s book was entitled Materials for the History of the Text of the Qur’an: The Old Codices, 1937. To his horror, his study was immediately denounced and publicly burnt by order of the leading Muslim religious authorities at Al-Azhar Mosque and University. Professor Jeffery...had excellent relations with the people at Al-Azhar, and was the more startled and horrified by their reaction to his book. He pointed out that what he was doing was no different from what the most pious Christians and Jews do to the texts of the Old and New Testaments. To which they replied, “But that is different. The Koran is not like the Bible. The Koran is the word of God.” By this they were not merely casting doubt on the authenticity or accuracy of the Jewish and Christian scriptures. They were pointing to the profound difference between Muslim perceptions and Judeo-Christian perceptions of the very nature of scripture. For Christians and Jews, the Bible consists of a number of books, written at different times and in different places, divinely inspired, but mostly committed to writing by human beings. For Muslims, the Koran is one book, divine, eternal and uncreated. It is not simply divinely inspired; it is literally divine and to question it in any way is blasphemy."
Finally the unaided Human Reason has always been much more important in Christianity and Judaism, we must never forget that Job argues with God when he perceives injustice, something basically impossible in Islam where God is not Reason but Willpower, he defines morality how he pleases and can change it to the contrary upon his inscrutable Will, to claim that morality is in his nature (the case in Christianity and Judaism, morality can be understood directly via Reason) is to limit his powers. There is a reason that people are seen as mere 'servants' of God in Christianity and even Judaism while in Islam they are 'slaves' of Allah. I'm afraid the 'dialogue' conjecture leads nowhere if we do not take the big differences like these in account.
When one thinks about the major contemporary religions, the basic values of respect of the individual, promotion of human rights, tolerance with respect to minorities, rejection of violence, to name a few, are common to all of them. Or is it not ?
Is Islam a religion of peace ? Why does Islam relegate women to the role of second class citizen ? What is the true meaning of Jihad in the Qur'an ? Is the Qur'an promoting intolerance towards followers of other religions ? Towards other minority groups ? Why is it so hard to question anything about Islam ?
In my quest to better understand Islam, the origin of terrorism carried in the past 15+ years in the name of Allah and to hopefully glimpse into what the future may entail, I have started to read a few books on the subject. This recently brought me to this recent book from Ayaan Hirsi Ali. The author sees herself as part of a group of dissidents promoting the reformation of Islam. She would obviously be perceived as an "Heretic" by many Muslims, hence the title of the book.
Basically Hirsi Ali's main thesis is that "there is a reason why an increasing proportion of organized violence in the world is happening in countries where Islam is the religion of a substantial share of the population"; that "...Islamic extremism is rooted in Islam itself..."; and that "religious doctrines matter and are in need of reform".
The author sees five main things that need to be reformed to make Islam compatible with the modern world:
- Ensure that the prophet Muhammad and the Qur'an are open to interpretation and criticism (abandon the very literalist interpretation of the Qur'an).
- Avoid the focus on life after death with little regards to life before death.
- Review Sharia (the Islamic law), the way it is applied and end its supremacy over secular law.
- End the practice of "commanding right, forbidding wrong".
- Abandon the call to wage jihad (holy war).
She makes a point that while patriarchal norms as well as violence (from God or through his followers) was also part of ancient writings in other religions (the Torah, the Bible), those parts are now interpreted in their historical context and these passages have been set aside for the most part.
Raised as a Roman Catholic I certainly don't feel threatened to voice a critical opinion against my church stance on celibacy and the limited role of women in the clergy, or the intolerance towards homosexuals (although it was a welcome respite to recently hear Pope Francis opening to door in the latter case). I would certainly not be labelled an "Heretic" or risk retribution. While this may be true for other religions, it does not seem the case for Islam.
I give the book 5 stars: it is well written, to the point, down to earth. The author certainly stirred my "critical thinking" on the subject, an expression she uses often in the book. Her arguments are well exposed and make logical sense. On such a controversial subject, it is important to know what the sources of information are. In that respect the author provides ample references of what appears to be reliable sources.
After reading this book, I would like to read on the viewpoint of a non-reformist moderate Muslim cleric (suffice to say that I already have a good perspective of the opinion of the fundamentalists on a regular basis from the news media). A book like "Islam: Silencing the Critics" by Zia U. Sheikh might be a good start; the reviews seem good. A good translation of the Qur'an would be useful too, to verify and understand the context in which the frequent quotes are taken.








