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Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now Hardcover – March 24, 2015
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Ayaan Hirsi Ali
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Ayaan Hirsi Ali is one of Europe’s most controversial political figures and a target for terrorists. A notably enigmatic personality whose fierce criticisms of Islam have made her a darling of...conservatives...and...popular with leftists...Soft-spoken but passionate.” (Boston Globe)
“Crammed with harrowing details, Hirsi Ali’s account is a significant contribution to our times.” (Kirkus (starred review) )
“A powerful, compelling read…Put simply, this woman is a heroine.” (The Christian Science Monitor)
“A charismatic figure...of arresting and hypnotizing beauty...[who writes] with quite astonishing humor and restraint.” (Christopher Hitchens)
“The five areas for Islamic reform highlighted by Ayaan in this book require deep consideration by my fellow Muslims…I thank Ayaan for having the resilience and determination to help in continuing this ongoing conversation.” (Maajid Nawaz, Co-founder and Chair of Quilliam, counter-extremism think-tank)
“She is absolutely right to raise difficult issues that must be addressed worldwide, especially by Muslims...I hope that this book will help to stimulate vital discussions for the future of Islam, and in fact for the future of humanity.” (Sheikh Dr. Usama Hasan, imam and Islamic scholar)
“Audacious? Quixotic? Visionary? Necessary? All of the above. This an urgent, complicated, risky subject, and Hirsi Ali, valiant, indomitable, and controversial, offers a potent indictment, idealistic blueprint, and galvanizing appeal to both conscience and reason.” (Donna Seaman, Booklist)
“Whatever one may think of her solutions, Hirsi Ali should be commended for her unblinking determination to address the problem.” (Andrew Anthony, The Guardian)
“A book full of compassion.” (Paul Steenhuis, NRC Handelsblad)
From the Back Cover
Is Islam A Religion of Peace?
In what is sure to be her most controversial book to date, Ayaan Hirsi Ali makes a powerful case that a religious Reformation is the only way to end the terrorism, sectarian warfare, and repression of women and minorities that each year claim thousands of lives throughout the Muslim world. With bracing candor, the brilliant, charismatic, and uncompromising author of the bestselling Infidel and Nomad argues that it is foolish to insist, as our leaders habitually do, that the violent acts of Islamic extremists can be divorced from the religious doctrine that inspires them. Instead we must confront the fact that they are driven by a political ideology embedded in Islam itself.
Today, Hirsi Ali argues, the world's 1.6 billion Muslims can be divided into a minority of extremists, a majority of observant but peaceable Muslims, and a few dissidents who risk their lives by questioning their own religion. But there is only one Islam, and as Hirsi Ali shows, there is no denying that some of its key teachings—not least the duty to wage holy war—inspire violence not just in the Muslim world but in the West as well.
For centuries it has seemed that Islam is immune to historical change. But Hirsi Ali is surprisingly optimistic. She has come to believe that a Muslim "Reformation"—a revision of Islamic doctrine aimed at reconciling the religion with modernity—is at hand, and may even already have begun.
Partly in response to the barbaric atrocities of Islamic State and Boko Haram, Muslims around the world have at last begun to speak out for religious reform. Meanwhile, events in the West, such as the shocking Charlie Hebdo massacre, have forced Western liberals to recognize that political Islam poses a mortal threat to free speech. Yet neither Muslim reformers nor Western liberals have so far been able to articulate a coherent program for a Muslim Reformation.
This is where Heretic comes in. Boldly challenging centuries of theological orthodoxy, Ayaan Hirsi Ali proposes five key amendments to Islamic doctrine that Muslims must make if they are to bring their religion out of the seventh century and into the twenty-first. She also calls upon the Western world to end its appeasement of radical Islamists—and to drop the bogus argument that those who stand up to them are guilty of "Islamophobia." It is the Muslim reformers who need our backing, she argues, not the opponents of free speech.
Interweaving her own experiences, historical analogies, and powerful examples from contemporary Muslim societies and cultures, Heretic is not so much a call to arms as a passionate plea for peaceful change and a new era of global tolerance. As jihadists kill thousands, from Nigeria to Syria to Pakistan, this book offers an answer to what is fast becoming the world's number one problem.
About the Author
Ayaan Hirsi Ali is a Somali-born women’s rights activist, free speech advocate, and the New York Times bestselling author of Infidel, The Caged Virgin, Nomad, Heretic, and The Challenge of Dawa. Born in Mogadishu, Somalia, she grew up in Africa and the Middle East, before seeking asylum in the Netherlands, where she went on to become a member of parliament. Today she lives in the United States with her husband and two sons.
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The murderers that she discusses as elements in Islamic State (IS), Boko Haram, Al Qaeda, Al-Shabaab, the Taliban, suicide bombers and other militant groups are psychopaths. That these killers really believe that they are following the dictates of Allah is not questioned here. The Qur’an (as spelled in the book) and the Hadith have provided them with the only rationalization they need to pour out the hatred pounded into them daily from early childhood. Hatred for anything that deviates from their religious teachings begins in the home.
The author writes, “The totalitarian regimes of the twentieth century had to work quite hard to persuade family members to denounce one another to the authorities. The power of the Muslim system is that the authorities do not need to be involved. Social control begins at home.” (Page 154)
Hirsi Ali states that she is not extraordinary. That is probably the only misstatement in the book. Her writings and personal appearances reveal an uncommon courage in challenging a dangerous religion that has threatened her with murder and repeatedly perpetrated atrocities that clearly demonstrate that they mean what they say. She has spoken out with admirable courage that makes Western apologists for Islam look like the wimps that they are.
Unilateral tolerance is dangerous. The author points out many times that murderous intolerance lies at the very heart of Islam. It is built into the very fabric of the religion.
She asserts that militant Islam cannot be stopped with U.S. drone strikes. The foundation tenets of the religion must brought into question and reformed. She lists what she calls "five theses" (pages 74 and 235):
1. the status of the Qur’an as the last and immutable word of God and the infallibility of Muhammad as the last divinely inspired messenger;
2. Islam’s emphasis on the afterlife over the here-and-now;
3. the claims of sharia to be a comprehensive system of law governing both the spiritual and temporal realms;
4. the obligation on ordinary Muslims to command right and forbid wrong;
5. the concept of jihad, or holy war.
Hirsi Ali divides Muslims into three groups that she calls Mecca Muslims (peaceful and law-abiding), Medina (militant) Muslims, and dissidents. She condemns the Medina group as the perpetrators of the ongoing atrocities that she describes in horrifying detail. She then expresses hope that the last group can stir people to bring about the changes desperately needed to bring Islam into the twenty-first century.
The author’s optimism that Islam can be reformed, although an admirable and most welcome outcome, is also most unlikely. Sharia (religious law approved by a majority of Muslims - page 139), seeks to rule the world and drag mankind back to the seventh century.
Islam, as she has portrayed it, finds a parallel in current Christian fundamentalism and Christian sadistic intolerance of centuries past. Virulent intolerance, stemming from whatever religious or political set of beliefs, is a psychologically defensive posture motivated by fear that questioning the smallest tenet of the faith throws open the entire doctrine to debate and threatens to collapse the whole belief structure. I question that backward, fatalistic, authoritarian and violent Islam could survive that exposure. It would cease to be Islam, the very word a cognate of submission.
Michael Atkins, PhD
By; Ayaan Hirsi Ali
(Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now)
I have watched her in a debate, the subject of which was “Is Islam a Religion of Peace” there were knowledgeable speakers on both sides. At the end the audience was requested to deliver their conclusion. Overwhelmingly it was that Islam is not a religion of peace. One of the most compelling points was when the audience were reminded that to attend the event they were submitted to checks such as we go thru at Airports.
She has written three other books, the one I read and reported on was “Infidel”. She repeats some of that in this book as necessary to assure the reader that her background gives her credibility to write as she does.
In reviewing other articles I have written describing my thoughts on how evil this religion is today, I will not restate these facts. If you are not aware you should be. Pretending it is not true is not the correct thing to do. Rather I will mention that she does report in the last chapter that she has reason to hope that the Muslims of the world can turn away from violence and become a respected part of humanity.
There is no denying that much of what is written in the Old and New Testament contains support for actions which today we cannot accept, but that is exactly the point she is making. While Christian and Jew adherents have rejected these writings the Muslims as a group have not. Taking the world back 700 years and forcing these rules on people today will only continue the carnage being seen in countries all over the world especially in Western nations that have provided generous benefits to refugees from the Middle East. Those who willingly sacrifice their human lives for eternal bliss in the hereafter are tragic figures in my opinion. All you and I know is the here and now of our existence. To throw that away is irrational.
She mentions the names of a number of Muslims trying to encourage people to reject Jihad as the way to preserve their religious beliefs. I recommend this book to any who wants to learn more about what is happening today.
Jack B. Walters
April 30, 2017
Top international reviews
Despite the extreme sensitivity of the subject and the polemics that surround it this is not a partisan book but a balanced presentation with the author managing to maintain a commendable stance of rational detachment and analysis. Her main thesis is that the problems that arise from Islam – particularly in its extreme form - can be corrected through reform and are largely a result of Islam never having had a Reformation comparable to European Christianity.
I have three main problems with this thesis. One, acknowledged by Ayaan herself, is that no reform movement in the history of Islam has ever succeeded in the past and the very nature of Islamic thinking is that any attempt to initiate one is of its nature heretical and to be crushed. The current fate of Raif Badawi is itself indicative of what happens to anyone who might even suggest that some reform may be necessary or cannot quite comply with everything demanded by what, after all, is a very complex and disparate religious tradition: the illusion of a ‘simple’ orthodoxy beguiles clerical power structures and in turn is a fundamental part of the problem.
Secondly, the precedent of the Reformation is not what it may seem in its outcomes. This merely led to the violent fragmentation of Christendom and decades of unspeakable savagery which was only resolved by temporal powers separating individual belief from public policy based on rational principles and human rights – the leitmotiv of the Enlightenment. Accompanying this – from the time of Spinoza – was the reformulation of our understanding of God, transforming monotheism to monism and relegating beliefs to states of mind rather than objective reality (unlike seventh century Arabian tribesmen we now fully understand how humans created monotheism in the Hellenistic period of post-exilic Judaism). It is this that is the real challenge to Islamic religion in the light of modern understanding: separating what are undeniably commendable ethical values and cultural traditions from their traditional theological underpinnings. This is the sort of post-Christian thinking espoused by the Sea of Faith network and is the real consequence of the Reformation: God and religion are to be seen as human creations in which wisdom is not supernaturally dispensed from on high but inseparable from the poetic genius of humanity.
Thirdly, all this could be largely secondary (and irrelevant) in the light of a much greater challenge which Ayaan does not consider at all: environmentalism. Without a fundamental change of mindset on behalf of everyone this now threatens to swamp all other issues and the sustainable future of humanity itself. In Syria we see not only a religious conflict of extreme ideologies but also one which has been triggered by regional environmental collapse: a decade of drought leading to the collapse of farming, migration to increasingly overpopulated towns with no employment, increasing social unrest and resentment at oppressive government exacerbated by religious divisions and ideological radicalization: interestingly increasing desiccation has paralleled the rise of Isis. This could well be a harbinger of twenty first century life. Of the many voices calling for a completely different mindset there are those, like Thomas Berry and Lloyd Geering (both clergymen), who point out that this issue has been all but ignored by traditional religious teachings. The focus now, must be on nature as the new source of ‘revelation’ and the recognition of the oneness of life – monozoism. Without this new mindset the future for humanity looks increasingly bleak and the religious teachings from the past – which have played no small role in creating the current situation - simply irrelevant.
On a more general level, for any religion claiming to be based on revelation modernity presents particular problems. We now know enough about psychiatry and states of mind to understand that putative revelatory experiences are a fairly normal part of what makes us human; some would argue, like Dr David Horrobin in The Madness of Adam and Eve: How schizophrenia shaped Humanity, that they are a distinctive feature of the working of the human mind, particularly in states of stress or extreme circumstances, such as malnutrition and isolation. So we have St John the Divine in his cave receiving the dictation of the Book of Revelation, St Anthony of Egypt (the founder of Western monasticism) in his cave plagued by graphic dreams, or St. Joan of Arc receiving angelic ‘voices’ urging military action, of Joseph Smith receiving the revelation from the angel Mormon, Handel ‘seeing’ the heavens open and receiving the inspiration for the music of ‘The Messiah’. Though, as Freud said there are no ‘untruths’ in psychiatry, we understand such states of mind as entirely subjective or veridical hallucinations. In so far as they may contain useful information they are an expression of the immense creative potential of consciousness which some scientists now even claim creates the reality we know.
Two things are common to such states of mind. One is the amount of detail they can conjure up – usually provided by an angelic intermediary - just as Ayaan relates of the enormous amount of detail Muslims seem to have about the next life: where has all this come from and why is it so obviously a projection of male fantasy and suppressed sexuality? (No doubt Freud would have something to say about this!) Secondly, anyone who questions such divinely sourced ‘information’ is seen as a threat or evil prompting extreme and often violent reaction: again, Ayaan notes just how incredibly paranoid and violent Muslim reaction can be to any challenge to their beliefs: the more insubstantial the foundation, the more violent the reaction. She rightly characterizes the fundamental problem for Muslims in the face of Modernity as being one of cognitive dissonance, through which two contradictory and mutually exclusive views of the world drive the individual to extreme behavior (‘radicalisation’). Sadly, as this is not a rational state there is no rational solution and any attempts to provide one, such as the arguments in this book, are doomed to failure. What is needed is education - education not as imparting information or dogma but education as enriching our perception and feeling - and also therapy; but then whose going to provide therapy for 1.4 billion people, some already approaching with Kalashnikovs and suicide vests?
Critical thinking, on which Ayaan places so much emphasis, reveals that human origins and history are in no way specially privileged: we create our own reality - God, language, culture and worldview comprise a totality which have evolved within our own past conversations amongst ourselves. Like every other 'reality' it will in time crumble and pass away; everything is transient as we are; everything pours itself out and passes away for ever. In the meantime we should 'pour ourselves out' for the benefit of all in kindness to all. Such solar living, one day at a time, is our only 'purpose' and meaning.
These condemnations of the renounced former Muslim author, Aayan Hirsi Ali, seem to range from her not having a sound enough theological background to be in a position to comment on the complexities of religion and its structure, through to the book being naïve, with poorly constructed writing and arguments.
In addition there are also those critics of the book who currently actively support and campaign for minority issues, yet disparage Ali for being too inflammatory and anti-Muslim, even though the rights of many of those on behalf of whom these critics campaign are actually trampled on by strict Muslims and hard-line Muslim regimes. Another band of critics consider the suggestions the author makes are either too contentious, thus serving to fan the flames of divisiveness, or that they are unrealistic and unworkable.
However on reading this book, I noted Ali went to great lengths to regularly point out the concepts she proposes in her publication are simply her current thoughts on the matter, while at the same time acknowledging that although they certainly are her viewpoints, she also accepts there are clearly many other perspectives and they are all worthy of discussion to arrive at a lasting solution.
Apart from outlining her division of the Muslim community into 3 basic categories, Ali's principal objective throughout the book seems to state the following five key factors, while also expanding on many associative aspects connected to these five elements.
1. There is a real problem impacting across the globe that emanates from various fundamentalist sectors using the context of Islam as its root ideology and this needs urgent address.
2. Muslims need to acknowledge that the Quran and other Islamic scriptures are objectively used as the source to justify the extreme actions of certain terrorists, even though many Muslims denounce the fanatics who instigate this problem as not being Islamists and therefore proffer that the issue has nothing to do with their religion. Ali points out that the world of Islam simply cannot wash its hands of the radical minority who focus mainly on observing the intolerant, forceful and violent teaching passages of a holy book, which actively defines part of their religion.
3. Ali claims one of the main tenets of adherence to the Islamic creed, along with its principles, focuses on commanding right and punishing wrong. She says this has generated a climate of fear that limits or prevents questioning, revision and modernisation of the Muslim faith.
4. While the author provides her own proposals for a solution based on her perception of the situation, she appreciates that these proposals are not necessarily 'all-definitive' and her main aim is not to suggest her views are the only answer but to generate discussion so that eventually a solution may be sought.
5. Ali also points out the many difficulties that currently interfere with accessing a solution, not the least of these difficulties arising from the majority of Muslims believing and acknowledging that since the writings of the Quran are the actual words of Allah, they can never ever be subject to any further dialogue, new interpretation or amendment – ad infinitum.
There are some Muslims who are able and willing to discuss their religion in calm philosophical way, that takes account of how it can leave behind its strict adherence to its 7th Century origins and adapt to the 21st Century but this appears to be rare. Most find it difficult to do so as a result of their faith categorically stating that Allah’s words are final, along with the existing accepted interpretation of them and therefore they can never be open to discussion or re-clarification. Many Islamists holding this latter belief would even go so far as to say open-minded Muslims are heretics themselves for even engaging in debating on this.
This is the dilemma Ali alludes to in Heretic and I imagine it is why she faces such criticism and hatred; mainly it seems from Muslims, many of whom will not read the book but still admonish her, or even worse, and also slap down her thoughts outlined in her writings without being willing to entertain any calm and considered discussion.
I feel this is a brave book and as a non-Islamist I am able to read it dispassionately. As a result, it has allowed me to form some basic views of my own, which I did not have before. I do not profess to know the answers to such a complex situation, but at least the book has got me thinking, calmly, I'm happy to say and without any desire to verbally attack Ali for writing it. The fact that so many others wish to do so as a result of its publication means that it definitely has more than an element of noteworthiness, if it did not then the world, along with the people who like to profess their opinions on such matters, would ignore it.
Whether you agree or disagree with Ali’s standpoint, it is a book that will certainly engage you in one way or another and I doubt will leave many people sitting on the fence.
True this reform is nothing else than a transformation of islam (possible this is one reason of why she tried the 'Reformation' card instead of talking directly about a radical Islamic Enlightenment, to make the idea more palatable to muslims) but how else can one react rationally to the evidence of the last 70 years when Islam moved strongly toward the past in spite of the fact that muslims were left alone to 'clean their own rubbish'*? How much longer to continue with the 'dialogue' narrative, as done in the last at least 70 years, when in fact Reason is far from being rehabilitated in the Islamic world, something which makes very difficult even for rational muslims to accept the necessary important concessions (the same 'no one has the right to change...' is omnipresent in muslim discourse, even at the level of Hadith there is small change compared with the Middle Ages)? A healthy dialogue implies important concessions from both sides, or this is not what comes from the muslim side (rather we have to act as dhimmis via all sort of never-ending concessions to keep them happy, with very little in exchange; this being actually what the Islamic law requires from us). A request for important reform is common sense i'd say, I don't think it is an accident of history that Islam still does not have an equivalent of Liberal Christianity and Reform Judaism, even after a long exposure to Modernity now (in other words inerrancy of the Revelation needs to be dropped). Desperate times call for desperate solutions*.
Can now this be done? I'd say that yes as much as the Enlightenment value of Reason is made popular among muslims (unaided Human Reason can be more important sometimes than even what is clearly written in the Quran, that is inerrancy dropped, acting only against literalism via the famous now so called 'progressive re-interpretations' is not enough), we need a 'critical mass' of muslims who to be the counterpart of Liberal Christians and Reform Jews. Of course i'm afraid this is not possible without putting Islam under critical scrutiny, at least at the level seen in the Biblical criticism, the vain hope of those supporting the postmodernist visions of history, too much relativism there unfortunately, that a 'dialogue' without much criticism is the solution fail to take in account the intrinsic nature of Islam, finally how it treats Reason itself (by the way too much postmodernism is one of the main causes of why the Western civilization moved from one extreme, colonialism, to another one, Saidism, from Edward Said of course, I'm afraid not 'anything goes' at the levels of cultures, we can actually make some objective differences between them without falling in colonialism or discrimination, we can definitely talk of progress, albeit a healthy fallibilism should always be there).
In fact history shows that the modernization of Islam, albeit shallow, has rather been the result of not making concessions to it (true, excesses were made) and of showing that it cannot 'work' as a foundation of the modern state. There was a time when the Westernizers-modernists were much more influential in the muslim world, when even quite many muslims lost faith in the capacity of Islam to be at the basis of the state, not surprisingly before the excesses of cultural relativism. We can do it again. In a perfectly fair way this time, via rational criticism of Islam (protecting Islam from criticism is definitely not a secular right of muslims; finally not our fault that it is how it is, indeed very little internal logic from its basic tenets to a doctrine of divine inspiration of the Quran not based on inerrancy, with Reason itself severely downplayed in religious matters**). The alternative may well be at least an Europe without some key values of Enlightenment, the half-sharia states characteristic to the Islamic world now may move to the West in some circumstances. No one rational wants this to happen so let's better prevent instead of deluding ourselves that this is an impossibility, freeing the rational people in Islam, who have to hide now, being actually a much better alternative than just hoping that the passing of time will somehow (no one knows exactly how) solve everything.
NOTES
* the current paradigms in the fields of Islamic studies and history do actually make a prediction (in spite of the popular view that history is not a science), if islam was that 'tolerant' and 'progressive' in the Middle Ages as suggested by these conjectures then we should expect to see a modern Islam (valid even for some of the old Orientalists). We do not see that I'm afraid even after 70 years, all we have is rather a severely degenerative 'research program' which hint that we need something else. Ayaan's proposal for example
** Bernard Lewis makes very clear the rift between Islam and the other 2 Abrahamic religions in this matter, a stumbling block in the way of sustained progress:
"Arthur Jeffery’s book was entitled Materials for the History of the Text of the Qur’an: The Old Codices, 1937. To his horror, his study was immediately denounced and publicly burnt by order of the leading Muslim religious authorities at Al-Azhar Mosque and University. Professor Jeffery...had excellent relations with the people at Al-Azhar, and was the more startled and horrified by their reaction to his book. He pointed out that what he was doing was no different from what the most pious Christians and Jews do to the texts of the Old and New Testaments. To which they replied, “But that is different. The Koran is not like the Bible. The Koran is the word of God.” By this they were not merely casting doubt on the authenticity or accuracy of the Jewish and Christian scriptures. They were pointing to the profound difference between Muslim perceptions and Judeo-Christian perceptions of the very nature of scripture. For Christians and Jews, the Bible consists of a number of books, written at different times and in different places, divinely inspired, but mostly committed to writing by human beings. For Muslims, the Koran is one book, divine, eternal and uncreated. It is not simply divinely inspired; it is literally divine and to question it in any way is blasphemy."
Finally the unaided Human Reason has always been much more important in Christianity and Judaism, we must never forget that Job argues with God when he perceives injustice, something basically impossible in Islam where God is not Reason but Willpower, he defines morality how he pleases and can change it to the contrary upon his inscrutable Will, to claim that morality is in his nature (the case in Christianity and Judaism, morality can be understood directly via Reason) is to limit his powers. There is a reason that people are seen as mere 'servants' of God in Christianity and even Judaism while in Islam they are 'slaves' of Allah. I'm afraid the 'dialogue' conjecture leads nowhere if we do not take the big differences like these in account.
Ms Hirsi Ali has been (and is still) on a personal journey that I think would defeat many, yet hers is nonetheless a success story. She shares her experience and ideas honestly and openly with the reader.
Ms Hirsi Ali has attracted many unpleasant labels from certain quarters: apostate; heretic; infidel. She has also upset many western and liberal (politically correct) apologists. She was not long ago de-platformed at an American University congress! With considerable resilience, she nonetheless continues to insist and demonstrate that intolerance must not be tolerated whenever it presents.
In the face of many challenges, it seems to me from the tone of this book that Ms Hirsi Ali retains an affection for much of the religion she feels she had no option but to reject. Her plea for reformation, or renovation, of Islam from within is passionately delivered. Perhaps this is based on a genuine wish to see the future of Islam fully harmonized and integrated with the modern West, rather than heading towards an inevitable collision course with it.
I look forward to reading her next volume 'Prey'.
The almost biographical introduction sets the scene for the following analysis of the author's issues with the Islamic religion, breaking it down into manageable aspects, and clearly explaining why each of those aspects represents a need for a fundamental change in how Muslims view their faith.
She was brought up in Somalia, where she says that her grandmother worshipped the Koran (like an idol) because she could not read it, noR could she understand the Arabic of what she had remembered. They moved to Mecca, where the public enforcement of Sharia Law was a common sight, including “thieves having their hands cut off, amidst great spurts of blood”. The native Meccans despised them, for various reasons including their relatively dark skin.
Then, having moved to Kenya, she was increasingly approached by the evangelising Muslim Brotherhood as a susceptible teenager, and her contemporaries began to take Islam more seriously,
But she asked too many questions, and became an apostate, never a really good idea for Muslims wanting to live an easy life. She describes herself as being by nature a “protestant”, which fits in well with her idea of Islam needing a reformation to produce a new modern acceptable version of Islam, rather along the lines of the suggestions made in Richardson’s “West Meets Islam”.
Such ideas develop when she moves to the Netherlands, finds she can discuss things freely there, and even becomes a member of parliament. Such a woman knows more about Islam than we do, and needs to be taken seriously. Read it.
She is so frank. “Much Islamic State propaganda is like a YouTube upload of a time-travel trip back to the seventh century”. Things need to change forward into the 21st century, not backward into the 7th century.
The usual criticism levelled at Ali is that she had a uniquely unpleasant experience as a child and young woman growing up in Somalia, Saudi Arabia and Kenya before finally making it to the Netherlands to escape an arranged marriage. It is repeated in a few of the reviews of this volume. These strike me as indefensible slurs. She is a former Muslim woman who managed to escape the cultural constraints and a life of domestic slavery and intellectual deprivation. She dares to be free, which as we all know, is a very dangerous thing to those with a vested interest in the status quo.
She is a modern hero and an inspiration. The US should give her a cabinet post in my humble opinion.
Brought up in Somalia, where her grandmother worshipped the Koran because she could not read it, (nor understand the Arabic of what she had remembered). The family moved to Mecca, where the public enforcement of Sharia Law was a common and bloody sight.
On moving to Kenya, she was approached by the evangelising Muslim Brotherhood as a susceptible teenager, but she asked too many questions, and eventually became an apostate, not any easy choice for any Muslim wanting to live a trouble-free life.
Ali describes herself as being by nature a “protestant”, which fits in well with her idea of Islam needing a reformation to produce a new modern acceptable version of Islam.
When she moved to the Netherlands, she found she could discuss things freely there; nevertheless she has had her life threatened, and continues to suffer opprobrium (as do all who criticise Islam, whatever their issues) rather than raise debate within the Muslim community.
Nevertheless she remains optimistic, despite, for example, when she points to evidence that indicates the radical change in the attire of women in Cairo over the last 40 years. From the majority of women being westernised in their dress, to now having "covered up." This indicates a radical change in the Islamic world towards a "Medina" version of Islam. And in this terrorism has its roots.
In her last Chapter she argues that a reformation is on its way. Let's hope she's right.
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