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A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 1: 1913-1951
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To understand why the Federal Reserve acted as it did at key points in its history, Meltzer draws on meeting minutes, correspondence, and other internal documents (many made public only during the 1970s) to trace the reasoning behind its policy decisions. He explains, for instance, why the Federal Reserve remained passive throughout most of the economic decline that led to the Great Depression, and how the Board's actions helped to produce the deep recession of 1937 and 1938. He also highlights the impact on the institution of individuals such as Benjamin Strong, governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the 1920s, who played a key role in the adoption of a more active monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Meltzer also examines the influence the Federal Reserve has had on international affairs, from attempts to build a new international financial system in the 1920s to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the failure of the London Economic Conference of 1933.
Written by one of the world's leading economists, this magisterial biography of the Federal Reserve and the people who helped shape it will interest economists, central bankers, historians, political scientists, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deep understanding of the institution that controls America's purse strings.
"It was 'an unprecedented orgy of extravagance, a mania for speculation, overextended business in nearly all lines and in every section of the country.' An Alan Greenspan rumination about the irrational exuberance of the late 1990s? Try the 1920 annual report of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve. . . . To understand why the Fed acted as it did—at these critical moments and many others—would require years of study, poring over letters, the minutes of meetings and internal Fed documents. Such a task would naturally deter most scholars of economic history but not, thank goodness, Allan Meltzer."—Wall Street Journal
"A seminal work that anyone interested in the inner workings of the U. S. central bank should read. A work that scholars will mine for years to come."—John M. Berry, Washington Post
"An exceptionally clear story about why, as the ideas that actually informed policy evolved, things sometimes went well and sometimes went badly. . . . One can only hope that we do not have to wait too long for the second installment."—David Laidler, Journal of Economic Literature
"A thorough narrative history of a high order. Meltzer's analysis is persuasive and acute. His work will stand for a generation as the benchmark history of the world's most powerful economic institution. It is an impressive, even awe-inspiring achievement."—Sir Howard Davies, Times Higher Education Supplement
- ISBN-100226520005
- ISBN-13978-0226520001
- PublisherUniversity of Chicago Press
- Publication dateJune 1, 2004
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6 x 1.9 x 9 inches
- Print length808 pages
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A History of the Federal Reserve, Volume 2, Book 2, 1970-1986Paperback
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From the Inside Flap
To understand why the Federal Reserve acted as it did at key points in its history, Meltzer draws on meeting minutes, correspondence, and other internal documents (many made public only during the 1970s) to trace the reasoning behind its policy decisions. He explains, for instance, why the Federal Reserve remained passive throughout most of the economic decline that led to the Great Depression, and how the Board's actions helped to produce the deep recession of 1937 and 1938. He also highlights the impact on the institution of individuals such as Benjamin Strong, governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the 1920s, who played a key role in the adoption of a more active monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Meltzer also examines the influence the Federal Reserve has had on international affairs, from attempts to build a new international financial system in the 1920s to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the failure of the London Economic Conference of 1933.
Written by one of the world's leading economists, this magisterial biography of the Federal Reserve and the people who helped shape it will interest economists, central bankers, historians, political scientists, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deep understanding of the institution that controls America's purse strings.
From the Back Cover
To understand why the Federal Reserve acted as it did at key points in its history, Meltzer draws on meeting minutes, correspondence, and other internal documents (many made public only during the 1970s) to trace the reasoning behind its policy decisions. He explains, for instance, why the Federal Reserve remained passive throughout most of the economic decline that led to the Great Depression, and how the Board's actions helped to produce the deep recession of 1937 and 1938. He also highlights the impact on the institution of individuals such as Benjamin Strong, governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the 1920s, who played a key role in the adoption of a more active monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Meltzer also examines the influence the Federal Reserve has had on international affairs, from attempts to build a new international financial system in the 1920s to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the failure of the London Economic Conference of 1933.
Written by one of the world's leading economists, this magisterial biography of the Federal Reserve and the people who helped shape it will interest economists, central bankers, historians, political scientists, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deep understanding of the institution that controls America's purse strings.
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Product details
- Publisher : University of Chicago Press (June 1, 2004)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 808 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0226520005
- ISBN-13 : 978-0226520001
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.9 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,033,761 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #514 in Government Management
- #726 in Banks & Banking (Books)
- #2,061 in Economic History (Books)
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About the author

Allan H. Meltzer is Allan H. Meltzer University Professor of Political Economy at Carnegie Mellon University. He is the author of "A History of the Federal Reserve," Volumes 1 and 2.
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Apart from these minor blemishes, the apparent failure to significantly revise the manuscript results in problems with the narrative flow. It's not just that the level of detail is a bit excessive or the discussion often drifts from the main point -- a failing noted by one of the other reviewers -- but people and incidents are discussed on one page, dropped, and then picked up again dozens of pages later with the reader expected to have perfect recall of the earlier mention. This problem is made worse by the fact that the index is rather sketchy. So, trying to find the earlier reference to a person or incident is difficult. These are things a good editor would have caught, if Meltzer had had one.
Leaving these points aside -- and they aren't trivial because they significantly reduce the readability of the book -- Meltzer's history is as definitive as we are ever likely to get. Anyone who writes about the early history of the Fed will have to take Meltzer into account.
Being overwhelmed that semester, I was ready to choose another title. However, before I could reply he stated, "Ah, your smart. You will do fine...". I was stuck so I made the best of it. After starting the book, I soon came to realize it was not boring or dry. I absolutely loved it. As an economics student and geek, I am highly intrigued by the Federal Reserve and the amount of power they posses by controlling our monetary system. For better or worse, the Federal Reserve is powerful and this book provided immense insight. Of particular note was the insight regarding the rational behind the decisions made during the great depression. Contrasting these actions with the actions taken by the Federal Reserve following the 2008 crisis provides for an amazing comparison and study of the effectiveness of monetary policy, political power, and public opinion. For student readers, if you simply desire to pass your course doing the bare minimum, do not read this book if provided an option. However, if you enjoy economics and get a little geeky like I do over monetary policy, this is a superb read.
The weaknesses of Meltzer's book stem from his massive archive of information and the strength of his predecessors. The sheer volume of information he is trying to convey prompts the narrative to drift and the reader sometimes loses the point. And, as a good academic historian, he is engaged in a dialogue with other historians of the Fed and monetary policy that can push the layman to the sidelines. Meltzer's history assumes the reader has a rather advanced knowledge of economics and finance such as an understanding of the real bills doctrine and the operation of an international gold standard. Also, the charts and tables are often not very helpful in understanding the text or at least could have been presented in a better manner.
Overall, Meltzer does not produce any stunning revelations but a great many correctives to previous accounts and much added detail. The novice to the history of US monetary policy would do better to read Richard Timberlake's book (though taken with a grain of salt because of its conservative leanings) or the classic work by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz.












