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How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature---A Response to Bart D. Ehrman Paperback – March 25, 2014
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In his recent book How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher From Galilee historian Bart Ehrman explores a claim that resides at the heart of the Christian faith― that Jesus of Nazareth was, and is, God. According to Ehrman, though, this is not what the earliest disciples believed, nor what Jesus claimed about himself.
The first response book to this latest challenge to Christianity from Ehrman, How God Became Jesus features the work of five internationally recognized biblical scholars. While subjecting his claims to critical scrutiny, they offer a better, historically informed account of why the Galilean preacher from Nazareth came to be hailed as “the Lord Jesus Christ.” Namely, they contend, the exalted place of Jesus in belief and worship is clearly evident in the earliest Christian sources, shortly following his death, and was not simply the invention of the church centuries later.
- Print length240 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherZondervan Academic
- Publication dateMarch 25, 2014
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.8 x 8.4 inches
- ISBN-100310519594
- ISBN-13978-0310519591
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Zondervan Academic serves the needs of Christian scholars, pastors, and students. Since 1931, we have been privileged to partner with the scholarly community to develop Christ-honoring resources in service of the academy and the church worldwide.
Together we produce works in various areas of biblical-theological studies that exhibit faithfulness to historic Christian faith, cultural relevance, excellence, and innovation.
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About the Author
Michael F. Bird is Deputy Principal and Lecturer in New Testament at Ridley College,?Australia. He is the author of numerous scholarly and popular books on the New Testament and theology, including, with N. T. Wright, The New Testament in Its World (2019).
Craig A. Evans (PhD, Claremont; DHabil, Budapest) is the John Bisagno Distinguished Professor of Christian Origins at Houston Baptist University. Author and editor of more than ninety books and hundreds of articles and reviews, Evans has lectured at major universities worldwide and has regularly appeared on Dateline NBC, CBC, CTV, Day of Discovery, and in many documentaries aired on BBC, The Discovery Channel, History Channel, History Television, and National Geographic Channel speaking on the historical Jesus, the New Testament Gospels, archaeology, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Bible.
Simon Gathercole is Senior Lecturer in New Testament at the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, UK, and author of several books, including The Pre-existent Son: Recovering the Christologies of Matthew, Mark and Luke (Eerdmans, 2006).
Charles E. Hill (PhD, Cambridge) is John R. Richardson Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando and author of several books, including Who Chose the Gospels?: Probing the Great Gospel Conspiracy (Oxford, 2010).
Product details
- Publisher : Zondervan Academic; First Edition (March 25, 2014)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0310519594
- ISBN-13 : 978-0310519591
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.8 x 8.4 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #329,698 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #597 in Christology (Books)
- #645 in New Testament Criticism & Interpretation
- #1,514 in History of Christianity (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

New Testament scholar, prolific author, and popular teacher/speaker, Craig A. Evans, the John Bisagno Distinguished Professor of Christian Origins at Houston Baptist University, Texas, is well-known for his contribution to work on the Gospels, the Historical Jesus, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and archaeology of the New Testament. He regularly appears in documentaries, TV, and radio interviews. He lectures extensively and participates in archaeological digs and Holy Land tours.
For decades, his engaging style in live events, debates, teaching, media, and written publications has brought the Bible to life for countless students, popular audiences, and seekers.
A graduate of Claremont McKenna College, he received his M.Div. from Western Baptist Seminary in Portland, Oregon, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Biblical Studies from Claremont Graduate University in southern California. He has also been awarded the D.Habil. by the Karoli Gaspar Reformed University in Budapest. Evans is an elected member of the prestigious SNTS and also serves as the Director of the Christian Thinkers Society Fellows Program and Strategic Studies.
After teaching one year at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Evans taught at Trinity Western University in British Columbia for twenty-one years, where he directed the graduate program in Biblical Studies and founded the Dead Sea Scrolls Institute. Evans then taught for thirteen years at the Divinity College at Acadia University in Nova Scotia. He was also a Visiting Fellow at Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey.
Author and editor of more than eighty books and hundreds of articles and reviews, Professor Evans has given lectures at Cambridge, Oxford, Durham, Yale, and other universities, colleges, seminaries, and museums, such as the Field Museum in Chicago, the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Ottawa, and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto. He regularly lectures and gives talks at popular conferences and retreats on the historical Jesus, Archaeology, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Bible.
Along with countless interviews on radio networks across Canada and the US, Evans has been seen on Dateline NBC, CBC, CTV, Day of Discovery, and many documentaries aired on BBC, The Discovery Channel, History Channel, National Geographic Channel, and others. He has also served as a consultant for the National Geographic Society and for The Bible miniseries, produced by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey.
Visit www.craigaevans.com to find out more, see pictures, and watch videos of Dr. Evans in action.

Michael F. Bird is a leading academic on New Testament studies and Christian Theology. He is Lecturer in Theology at Ridley College in Melbourne, Australia.

Chris Tilling is Senior Lecturer in New Testament Studies at St Mellitus College and Visiting Lecturer in Theology at King's College, London. He is the author of Paul's Divine Christology (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2015) and the editor of Beyond Old and New Perspectives on Paul (Eugene, Or: Cascade, 2014). He also runs the biblical studies blog, Chrisendom.
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Customers find the book easy to read and enjoyable. They appreciate the scholarly content, intellectual rigor, and clear rebuttals to Ehrman's arguments. The authors write with high-quality scholarship and humor. Readers also mention that the book explores the humanity and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book easy to read and understand. They appreciate the clear, concise writing style that is a relief from Ehrman's convoluted writing. The book provides thorough documentation and footnotes, which are appreciated as a contrast to Ehrman's convolved writing style.
"...The book is not too long -- for those who might be intimidated by such a thing (205 pages), the typeface not too small, or the general "look"..." Read more
"...Both books are well worth reading and I am going to give them both five stars because of this." Read more
"*How God Became Jesus* is a pithy, easy to read, yet sober and scholarly academic response to Bart Ehrman's *How Jesus Became God.*..." Read more
"There are several good comments on this book and on both sides of the issue, The issue on the Christian trinity breaks down to believers and non-..." Read more
Customers appreciate the scholarly content of the book. They find it informative, compelling, and interesting. The authors' intellectual rigor and clarity impress them. Readers describe Jesus as a true religious genius with brilliant insights. They praise the author's ability to take dry and academic concepts and put them into everyday language, providing succinct lessons for the seeking pilgrim.
"...on second and third century evidence for Jesus as God to be quite helpful, and a real challenge to those who think, generally, that Jesus became God..." Read more
"...but Jones’ research is sound and his logic inescapable...." Read more
"...God Became Jesus* is a pithy, easy to read, yet sober and scholarly academic response to Bart Ehrman's *How Jesus Became God.*..." Read more
"...Craig Evans wrote an outstanding chapter on burial traditions that alone is worth the price of the book...." Read more
Customers find the book a good rebuttal to Ehrman's arguments. They find it clear and concise, with wit and conviction. Readers describe it as an interesting analysis and critique of the book "How Jesus Becomes God".
"...He is a riveting speaker, quite talented. He possesses the ability to take dry and academic concepts and put them into every-day language...." Read more
"...a devastating critique of Ehrman's major arguments but do so with grace and wit, and a spirit of charity...." Read more
"...Jesus was a great and good man, and he died for his fellow Jews--but not because they were terrible sinners...." Read more
"...This work by Michael F. Bird, et al provides a solid theological counter balance to Bart D. Ehrman's work "How Jesus Became God"...." Read more
Customers are satisfied with the response rate. They mention excellent service and job well done.
"...The points put forward by the various authors in this book were brilliantly and objectively laid out...." Read more
"...Bird could have done a better job, the other guys I feel did an excellent job. Bird's work should have been edited better as well, IMO...." Read more
"The authors of each section did an excellent job critically responding to Ehrman's Book. It was very easy to read and understand!" Read more
"This was a great response and refutation of Ehrmans book." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's scholarship and humor. They say it's an excellent example of scholarship done well.
"...The chapter by Evans in this book is high quality. I did think there were parts of the book that I preferred over others...." Read more
"The authors wrote with a mix of high quality scholarship and of every day humor...." Read more
"The book is an excellent example of scholarship done well." Read more
"Solid Scholarship, Cleary Explained, with Wit and Conviction..." Read more
Customers like the faith in the book. They say Jesus of Nazareth was a great and good man, and he died for his fellow Jews.
"...It is impossible to conceive of this event actually happening. Jesus was a great and good man, and he died for his fellow Jews--but not because they..." Read more
"The books How God Became Jesus and How Jesus Became God are two sides of one coin...." Read more
"...the theological and historical issues of the humanity and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on March 20, 2015I know what some critics have said about this book. They do not like the flippant style of one of the authors.
I bought the book and have read most of it by now. I will probably get the copy by Ehrman from the library. I have the feeling that we are seeing the 21st century version of some sort of traveling road show, with Ehrman (the liberal or agnostic renegade) pitted against some fairly well-versed evangelical scholars. The line of point-counterpoint books just keep on coming. At some point, people may weary of the trend. But it does allow anyone who wants it the chance to explore different perspectives and varying theological points at the popular level.
My position on anything of this sort is to consult the authors' sources -- their footnotes and/or bibliography -- and read some or all of their sources (depending on interest and time) to see if you agree with the sources. This will also deepen your knowledge of a subject so that you know a bit more than just the he said--he said aspect of the issue. The book does have great endnotes, and I heartily recommend them for all readers.
The book is not too long -- for those who might be intimidated by such a thing (205 pages), the typeface not too small, or the general "look" of it too academic for those of us who are not academics. The chapter titles give a good idea of subject matter ("What Did the First Christians Think About Jesus?"), and they deliver on that promise.
The content of these chapters will give the reader a fair overview of the subject and how the author feels the topic (e.g., "Problems with Ehrman's Interpretive Categories") relates or refutes Ehrman's position. Some subjects will interest more than others. I found the various excursuses (excursi? excurses?) on second and third century evidence for Jesus as God to be quite helpful, and a real challenge to those who think, generally, that Jesus became God with Constantine, or some other version of that story.
I also especially liked the excursus on "Kings, Angels, and Holy Men."
And P.S., I said a challenge. When I read Ehrman, maybe he will enlighten me further about the moment when Jesus became God..
But I am not counting on it. I read Misquoting Jesus by Ehrman a few years back -- and have heard him speak many times and read other works of his. He is a riveting speaker, quite talented. He possesses the ability to take dry and academic concepts and put them into every-day language. Whether he does justice to the material in doing that -- well, that is why reading endnotes and checking other books is crucial for anyone who wishes to really know the subject -- and not just go on the internet and blow hard.
I then read Fabricating Jesus, the rebuttal book to Misquoting Jesus, done by Craig Evans ( who has the chapter "Getting the Burial Traditions and Evidences Right" in this book). Before I read Misquoting and Fabricating, I had spent several years researching some of those same issues for myself. I had just returned to Christianity, and I wanted to figure out where I stood on issues of the biblical text. I encountered Ehrman early on, with some Teaching Company lectures on the New Testament, and was massively impressed by him-- until I read a book by a woman theologian (Gillingham) who essentially showed me (without meaning to) that you can do anything with statistics -- or other pieces of information -- and that Ehrman had done that with some aspects of the Teaching Company lectures.
Thus, when it came time to Misquoting and Fabricating, I already was in agreement with Evans' analysis. I suspect that my opinions of the current scholarly matchup fall in line the same way. The chapter by Evans in this book is high quality. I did think there were parts of the book that I preferred over others. It may depend a lot on what aspect of the issue most interests me at the moment. If I come back to it in a year, or if I come back to it after reading Ehrman, I might find some other chapters that suddenly leap out at me.
Yes, Mr. Bird's style is flippant and he tries to be amusing. That is not too usual for someone who expects, or prefers, an academic tone. For example: "Ehrman's view of Jesus is low, so low in fact that it could possibly win a limbo contest against a leprachaun" (p. 11).But he makes some good points while he is at it. The only problem is that after you have read something by him, then you flip over to Chris Tilling or Charles Hill or Simon Gathercole or Evans. They write in less exuberant styles. But Bird is the general editor of the book. He got to do things the way he wanted to do things.
- Reviewed in the United States on March 9, 2018By way of introduction, I am an Anglican priest with two masters degrees, the equivalent of a third, and a doctoral degree (D.Min.) from The School of Theology of the University of the South (Sewanee), an Anglican/Episcopal seminary, so I have done some theological studies. I don’t earn my living as a priest, though, but as a school counselor and psychology teacher. Over the last couple of years, I became somewhat enamoured with the writings of Bart Ehrman. Specifically, I read and studied the following texts: Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them); The Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew; Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why; Forged: Writing in the Name of God--Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are; and How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee. Truth be known, I really bought into Ehrman’s research and his writings and began to believe that Jesus was really simply an apocalyptic Jewish prophet, and perhaps the messiah (in a human way), but certainly not the incarnate Son of God and second person of the Holy Trinity. As time passed, and my wife became more and more disenchanted with my “new” beliefs, she told me one evening how much she disliked Bart Ehrman. Well, I liked (and still very much respect) Bart Ehrman’s work, but I decided to read a couple of books purported to debunk Ehrman’s theories with their own research, just to see for myself and to give the “other side; i.e. orthodox Christianity” another shot. I am so glad that I did! The books that I read are Misquoting Truth: A Guide to the Fallacies of Bart Ehrman's "Misquoting Jesus" by Timothy Paul Jones and How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature---A Response to Bart D. Ehrman by M.F. Bird, C.A. Evans, S. Gathercole, C.E. Hill and C. Tilling. Both of these books are well written and very informative. Misquoting Truth is a bit “folksy” at times for me (this is serious material and I am not a bit folksy about it), but Jones’ research is sound and his logic inescapable. How God Became Jesus is quite a bit heavier and deeply researched (amazingly so) and I found it answered so many of the questions I had that Ehrman raised. Both books are well worth reading and I am going to give them both five stars because of this.
Top reviews from other countries
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Fabricio Luís LovatoReviewed in Brazil on January 16, 20235.0 out of 5 stars "COMO DEUS SE TORNOU JESUS"
"How God Became Jesus" ["Como Deus Se Tornou Jesus"] (Zondervan, 2014, 236 p.) é uma réplica ao livro "How Jesus Became God" ["Como Jesus se Tornou Deus"], do estudioso agnóstico Bart Ehrman. Os capítulos foram escritos por uma equipe de cinco acadêmicos (Michael F. Bird, Craig A. Evans, Simon J. Gathercole, Charles E. Hill e Chris Tilling).
Em seu livro, Ehrman propõe que a crença cristã na divindade de Jesus passou por um desenvolvimento histórico "evolutivo". De um simples rabino galileu, Jesus passou a ser visto por seus seguidores como um ser humano que havia alcançado algum tipo de status divino, em seu batismo ou (suposta) ressurreição (doutrina que Ehrman chama de "Cristologia da Exaltação"). Depois, Jesus passou a ser pensado como um ser pré-existente (possivelmente um anjo), que assumiu para si temporariamente uma natureza humana (o que Ehrman chama de "Cristologia da Encarnação"). Por fim, Jesus passou a ser igualado ao próprio Deus de Israel.
Mas como Tilling afirma, Ehrman "deixa muita coisa de fora de sua tese e distorce o que inclui" (p. 150). Ao contrário da proposta de Ehrman, Bird sintetiza a argumentação desse livro-réplica no sentido de que "o impulso instantâneo para adorar Jesus [como Deus] não resultou de um extenso período de deliberação; antes, foi uma resposta reflexiva à memória de Jesus, trazida pelos seus primeiros seguidores" (p. 203). (Para uma obra técnica mais densa sobre essa questão, recomendo "Senhor Jesus Cristo: Devoção a Jesus no Cristianismo Primitivo", de Larry W. Hurtado).
O capítulo de Evans foi um de meus preferidos (e mais informativos) no livro. Ehrman declara (seguindo John Dominic Crossan) que o túmulo de Jesus não foi encontrado vazio, porque Jesus jamais foi sepultado. Afirma que os romanos deixavam os criminosos pendurados na cruz, para serem devorados por animais necrófagos. Evans apresenta muitos dados arqueológicos e literários de que os judeus do primeiro século enterravam todos os mortos (incluindo os crucificados) antes do anoitecer, e que o direito romano respeitava esse costume local.
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"O primeiro a apresentar a sua causa parece ter razão, até que outro venha e o examine." (Provérbios 18:17)
Paul John PurnellReviewed in the United Kingdom on August 4, 20195.0 out of 5 stars Very helpful book of this theological topic.
The contributors to this book explain each subject in each chapter in an easy to understand way, which isn't always that easy to do. This demonstrates their expertise in this field.
In my opinion you needn't read Bart Ehrman's book first as it is clear which subjects from his book "How Jesus became God" that the contributors are addressing and responding too.
The contributors to this book explain each subject in each chapter in an easy to understand way, which isn't always that easy to do. This demonstrates their expertise in this field.5.0 out of 5 stars Very helpful book of this theological topic.
Paul John Purnell
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 4, 2019
In my opinion you needn't read Bart Ehrman's book first as it is clear which subjects from his book "How Jesus became God" that the contributors are addressing and responding too.
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TomReviewed in Germany on May 20, 20144.0 out of 5 stars Gute Antwort
Das Buch präsentiert eine gute Antwort auf Ehrmans Buch ''How Jesus Became God''. Es sollte jedoch gesagt sein, daß man sich beide Bücher kaufen sollte, um Argumentechnisch noch besser folgen zu können.
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Apóstolo EliasReviewed in Brazil on March 26, 20224.0 out of 5 stars Jesus Messias Deus!
O material nescessário para esclarecer o que a Bíblia diz sobre Jesus, pois o verbo de Deus se fez carne!
SiniReviewed in the United Kingdom on March 26, 20165.0 out of 5 stars Must read
A must read for Christians who would like to expand their understanding of historical Christ.
Christology
Apologetics
I am waiting for Bart's book.








