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How the Mind Works Paperback – January 17, 1999

by Steven Pinker (Author)

4.4 1,045 ratings

Part of: Allen Lane History (52 books)

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"[How the Mind Works] marks out the territory on which the coming century's debate about human nature will be held."―Oliver Morton, The New Yorker

In this extraordinary bestseller, Steven Pinker, one of the world's leading cognitive scientists, does for the rest of the mind what he did for language in his 1994 book, The Language Instinct. He explains what the mind is, how it evolved, and how it allows us to see, think, feel, laugh, interact, enjoy the arts, and ponder the mysteries of life. And he does it with the wit that prompted Mark Ridley to write in the New York Times Book Review, "No other science writer makes me laugh so much. . . . [Pinker] deserves the superlatives that are lavished on him." The arguments in the book are as bold as its title. Pinker rehabilitates some unfashionable ideas, such as that the mind is a computer and that human nature was shaped by natural selection, and challenges fashionable ones, such as that passionate emotions are irrational, that parents socialize their children, and that nature is good and modern society corrupting. Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize A New York Times Notable Book of the Year and Publishers Weekly Best Book of 1997 Featured in Time magazine, the New York Times Magazine, The New Yorker, Nature, Science, Lingua Franca, and Science Times Front-page reviews in the Washington Post Book World, the Boston Globe Book Section, and the San Diego Union Book Review Illustrations

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This is a lively and accessible book, and Pinker tackles his enormously ambitious project with energy and humour. -- Times [London], Edward Platt, 21 February 1999

[How the Mind Works] marks out the territory on which the coming century's debate about human nature will be held. -- Oliver Morton, The New Yorker

About the Author

Steven Pinker is a Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University. He conducts research on language and cognition; writes for publications such as the New York Times, Time, and The Atlantic; and is the author of ten books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Stuff of Thought, The Better Angels of Our Nature, and The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century.

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January 17, 1999
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6.1 x 1.2 x 9.3 inches
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0393318486
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978-0393318487
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Product details

Publisher ‏ : ‎ W. W. Norton & Company; Later prt. edition (January 17, 1999)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 672 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393318486
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393318487
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.98 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.1 x 1.2 x 9.3 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #1,619,929 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2,474 in Medical Cognitive Psychology
- #3,774 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)
- #40,253 in Psychology & Counseling

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4.4 1,045 ratings

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Steven Pinker

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Steven Pinker is one of the world's leading authorities on language and the mind. His popular and highly praised books include The Stuff of Thought, The Blank Slate, Words and Rules, How the Mind Works, and The Language Instinct. The recipient of several major awards for his teaching, books, and scientific research, Pinker is Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. He also writes frequently for The New York Times, Time, The New Republic, and other magazines.

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David H. Eisenberg

Another Pinker pyrotechnical display of knowledge and writing

Reviewed in the United States on September 2, 2015

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I was really surprised to see how controversial Steven Pinker is for some people. Apparently, there is a lot of anger by some scientists. I'm not sure why. I'm not a scientist, but, I read a lot of science. It may be that he has very strong opinions that he defends well on controversial subjects. Maybe it is professional jealousy. He is free in his criticism of scientists he feels let politics influence them and it might be that this upsets some people who like them. What you get here is a survey of the psychology of the mind, and it is a pyrotechnical feat. The range of subjects, quotations and examples is astonishing. Will you learn how the mind works? Not really, because no one knows yet. But, you will get many insights into it, you will get myths shattered, suspicions gratified and more explanations than you can probably absorb. At least, I can't absorb it all.

It is not in my opinion as good a book as The Language Instinct, nor as good as The Blank Slate, which it resembles in some ways (I am reading them simultaneously, though I read TBS years ago for the first time, and you can't help but notice the cross-over). So, I considered giving it four stars. But, then I decided, it is such a powerful performance, and so well written, that it shouldn't get less than five stars just because he didn't surpass himself. I have another book of his on tap and I'm going to get right to it.

I will offer this minor criticism. Have you ever sat through a fireworks display that just never ended? It might have benefitted from a little tighter editing, but it seems like he just doesn't want to leave anything out. If he knows it, he want us to know it too.

79 people found this helpful

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jam

Owner's Manual for Your Brain

Reviewed in the United States on January 8, 2013

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This book isn't about neural pathways and neurotransmitters. Rather, it's a thoroughly compelling reverse engineering of the functional and emotional modules the mind of a social primate with a genome -- and hence emotional repertoire -- little changed since its hunter-gatherer days would have to possess to out-compete the rest of the biosphere (at least while Earth still has one). The book is solidly grounded in evolutionary and cognitive psychology -- just 2 of the fields in which Pinker has credentials second to none -- and offers at least one "Aha!" moment on every page, not all of them flattering. I caught myself muttering something akin to "Darn, so that's why we keep doing that!" so often I had to give it a nickname I can't share here.

As usual, Pinker somehow manages to write clearly and engagingly without loss of precision while leaving no doubt as to where he gets his data. If professional scientific publications were written this way, we'd be a lot farther along, but it's =extremely= hard to do. Lord knows I've tried.

Pinker focuses on the instinctual (read "emotional") prods our genes use to steer us toward the 90% solutions evolved for success up to and during our hunter-gatherer days. With the explosive growth of technology over the last century or so, many of those once 90% solutions have become 90% backfires, but they continue to motivate our individual and collective actions nonetheless. Before man-made fires became widespread, moths' light-seeking instinct was almost always adaptive. Modern humans likewise repeatedly fly into all manner of figurative "fires" of our own invention -- often with precious little insight into why we keep doing so despite ample opportunities to learn better from instantaneous global news coverage ostensibly pursued for just that purpose. If widely read and taken to heart, this book could make a good dent in that. Seriously.

3 people found this helpful

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CK

An Evolutionary Perspective

Reviewed in the United States on October 3, 2010

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Steven Pinker takes a completely scientific approach to understanding the mind and how it works, based on sound theory and a rational process. Though wordy at times, the book is well-designed and provides great insight to the inner workings of our mind.

Steven Pinker's book, "How the Mind Works", is a study of the human brain, how it works, and why it works the way it does. In eight chapters it reconstructs the brain from the bottom up, starting from the simplest of processes and combining them into the complex thoughts and behaviors we experience. The book is as much about how the mind works as it is about evolution, Pinker's main solution for the 'why'. He begins with the "Standard Equipment" of the mind, how it is an organ system made up of many subunits called modules. Then, he discusses in length the Computational Theory of Mind, essentially the idea that our brains are information processing machines, not to be confused with the 'mind as a computer' model, which differs slightly but in very fundamental ways. With the fundamental 'how' taken care of, Pinker jumps headlong into the 'why'. Over the next two chapters he gives an expert description of the theory of evolution, and his thoughts on why our brains could have evolved from an ape's. He calls to light our ancestor's massive devotion to visual processing in the brain, and the ability to see and understand in three dimensions, adding that most attempts to understand abstract concepts result in mapping them in 2- or 3-dimensional space (graphs, charts, etc.). He goes on to describe the benefits of increased intelligence from an evolutionary standpoint, and how it would outweigh the costs associated with it. With the basic concepts of how and why the mind works as it does, in the next few chapters he extrapolated these ideas across a number of human behaviors and abilities, on topics such as love, kinship, art and music. Finally, he ends the book with a perhaps overzealous chapter title: The Meaning of Life". Pinker suggests that he cannot profess to know if these ideas are absolutes, and furthermore that there may be some things, such as consciousness, which we may never be able to comprehend because of the way we are made. Of course, all these claims are contingent on the Computational Theory of Mind and the Theory of Evolution, but both theories are well supported and there is no reason not to except sound rationalizations based upon them.

Pinker is an academic, and it shows in his style. He tends to delve into almost excessive rigor in describing and defending his ideas on the matter at hand. At times this can make it difficult to read, especially in a casual manner, and reminds one of reading an academic journal more so than a book for the layperson - this may be due in part to the actual subject matter, which itself needs long and sometimes arduous explanation for anyone not familiar with it. Verbosity aside, the format of the book is excellent. It provides a neat step-by-step analysis of each part of the currently discussed issue, citing its pros and cons and moving successively closer to the final conclusion by rejection and substitution of 'lesser' theories or models with more robust ones. Then each major idea is expanded or built upon to introduce and explain higher or more complex levels of thought.

Pinker essentially relies on two major theories for everything in his book: The Computational Theory of Mind and the Theory of Evolution. In fact the explanations of those two theories take up roughly one third of the book, and with good reason. Because of the way the book is structured, the underlying theories make up the meat of the message he is trying to send; everything else is simply a logical extrapolation from the rules set by the theories he bases his ideas on. Therefore the most scrutiny should be put on how he defines the rule set and how those rules are put to use.

The Computational Theory of Mind is fairly straightforward. Pinker simply iterates through various models of neural circuitry and how it accomplishes a task on a very basic level. The abstract model is based on symbols, a sort of mental identifier of a concept, that are used to describe things with more complexity by combination of symbols. Each subsystem in the brain is made up of a hierarchical set of sub-subsystems which are in turn contrived of yet another set of subsystems, and so on until you reach a basic unit that is not much more than a switch, which is similar to how computer circuits work.

Pinker's application of this model to vision is quite interesting. Vision is not simply a recording like a home video, but a set of inputs that go through a tremendous amount of processing in real time throughout parallel circuits which analyze different aspects of the input. He explains these stunningly with the use of a number of optical illusions or phenomena. Most memorable being the folded sheet, which is a grid with two bends in it and a plus shape coloring. He uses an analogy of a painter, a lighting specialist and a metalworker trying to recreate that image. Each can produce the image individually, but if a supervisor utilizes each one optimally, the cost is significantly reduced. This supervisor in the analogy is the algorithm that computes the most likely rendering of what we see based on a sort of cost analysis, with more common or normal renderings being 'cheaper'. The analogy, though simplified, is enlightening.

The discussion of evolution is similarly engaging. It is a great description of why certain structures, such as his favorite, the eye, would have come to be so complex. Furthermore, he adequately dispels many misconceptions about evolution. One being that all features of an animal are adaptations to some selective force. This is simply not true, and is a gross assumption to make. Applying evolution to many cultural aspects of humanity explains a lot. Pinker shows that cohesive social groups and intelligence are potentially reciprocating stimuli for improving the other. Being a social creature requires more intelligent interaction to maintain the good of the whole and to protect oneself from any mal intent of others in the group. Similarly, higher intelligence and the ability to predict the consequences of an action allow social creatures to share resources in return for mutual protection and fidelity; an alliance. These benefits would select for more intelligent creatures over the generations. Evolution, Pinker says, has resulted in the "ultimate revenge of the nerds". The intelligent - but weaker, smaller, and slower - animals have overtaken the large, fast, and strong, essentially by being able to plan more effectively.

Unfortunately, one aspect of the mind that Pinker seems to neglect is the plasticity of the mind. Pinker seems to maintain the model of the mind as a sort of compartmentalized system with innate abilities and tasks assigned to each. However, it has been shown that this is not the case. The mind can in fact rewire itself (at any age) to learn new things, or to strengthen new or old connections. (See the studies of Paul Bach-y-Rita)

Overall the book sheds an amazing new light on the world and ways we interact with it, as well as why we interact that way. With few exceptions, Steven Pinker's presentation here is well-formed, compelling, and intriguing. If you have issue with evolutionary theory, you may have difficulty accepting much of what is postulated throughout the book. However, if approached with an open mind, the ideas within can at least make you think about the world a little differently, even if you don't accept the content.

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Walter

Unlocking the Complexities of the Mind: Why 'How the Mind Works' Matters

Reviewed in Brazil on August 29, 2023

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How the Mind Works" by Steven Pinker is a captivating exploration of the inner workings of the human mind that left me thoroughly impressed. As my first foray into Pinker's literary world, this book acted as a gateway to his thought-provoking ideas and insightful analyses. The depth of knowledge he brings to the subject is nothing short of remarkable, and it's evident that Pinker is a master at distilling complex concepts into digestible and engaging narratives.

While delving into the intricacies of the mind, Pinker's writing style occasionally teeters on the verge of being overly detailed, making certain sections feel a tad laborious. However, this is a minor quibble in the grand scheme of things, especially when considering the wealth of information and insight he provides. From evolutionary psychology to cognitive processes, Pinker traverses diverse domains with eloquence, offering readers a profound understanding of the brain's inner workings.

Pinker's ability to synthesize various disciplines and present them in an accessible manner is a testament to his prowess as a communicator. Through his writing, complex topics become approachable, and readers are rewarded with "aha" moments that illuminate the mysteries of human behavior and cognition. "How the Mind Works" not only satiates intellectual curiosity but also inspires a thirst for further exploration into the realms of psychology and neuroscience.

In conclusion, "How the Mind Works" is a must-read for anyone seeking to unravel the enigma of human cognition. While some passages might demand more attention, the overarching value of the book is undeniable. Steven Pinker's ability to ignite curiosity and promote deeper understanding makes this book an enriching experience. Having been spurred by this book, I eagerly anticipate delving into Pinker's other works, confident that they will deliver equally insightful perspectives on the complexities of the human mind.

rcavesta

Muy interesante todo lo que cuenta (salvo el capítulo sobre la vista)

Reviewed in Spain on November 23, 2023

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Muy interesante todo lo que cuenta (salvo el capítulo sobre la vista)

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Hamid Reza Fakhari

Perfect Perfect Perfect

Reviewed in Germany on April 24, 2023

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Just buy it, read it slowly... do not rush it... sometimes need to go back and read again to get the deeeeeeeep content... I decided to buy the audio version also and I did it... I believe the is among those purchases I did not WASTE my money on... Go ahead,,, buy the book and instead of wasting your time on Social Media , read the book and drink from this syrup of knowledge sip by sip ....Simply Perfect and Greaaaat

One person found this helpful

Abhishek

Great Book.

Reviewed in India on May 30, 2021

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By knowing how the mind works we can become cerebral person. This book helps us to think about all the things happening in evolutionary sense. This book helps person to become more rational.

ralunicol

reconnaissable de loin,

Reviewed in France on October 26, 2020

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Le style "Pinker" : érudit,drôle,clair,riche en explications,bien ordonné dans ses idées,tout,absolument tout pour adorer son livre!
On ressort après sa lecture enrichis mentalement,avec des vues plus claires sur notre fonctionnement cerebral!!

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