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Humane: How the United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War Hardcover – September 7, 2021
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A prominent historian exposes the dark side of making war more humane
In the years since 9/11, we have entered an age of endless war. With little debate or discussion, the United States carries out military operations around the globe. It hardly matters who’s president or whether liberals or conservatives operate the levers of power. The United States exercises dominion everywhere.
In Humane: How the United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War, Samuel Moyn asks a troubling but urgent question: What if efforts to make war more ethical―to ban torture and limit civilian casualties―have only shored up the military enterprise and made it sturdier? To advance this case, Moyn looks back at a century and a half of passionate arguments about the ethics of using force. In the nineteenth century, the founders of the Red Cross struggled mightily to make war less lethal even as they acknowledged its inevitability. Leo Tolstoy prominently opposed their efforts, reasoning that war needed to be abolished, not reformed―and over the subsequent century, a popular movement to abolish war flourished on both sides of the Atlantic. Eventually, however, reformers shifted their attention from opposing the crime of war to opposing war crimes, with fateful consequences.
The ramifications of this shift became apparent in the post-9/11 era. By that time, the US military had embraced the agenda of humane war, driven both by the availability of precision weaponry and the need to protect its image. The battle shifted from the streets to the courtroom, where the tactics of the war on terror were litigated but its foundational assumptions went without serious challenge. These trends only accelerated during the Obama and Trump presidencies. Even as the two administrations spoke of American power and morality in radically different tones, they ushered in the second decade of the “forever” war.
Humane is the story of how America went off to fight and never came back, and how armed combat was transformed from an imperfect tool for resolving disputes into an integral component of the modern condition. As American wars have become more humane, they have also become endless. This provocative book argues that this development might not represent progress at all.
- Print length416 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherFarrar, Straus and Giroux
- Publication dateSeptember 7, 2021
- Dimensions6.31 x 1.31 x 9.27 inches
- ISBN-100374173702
- ISBN-13978-0374173708
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Praise for Humane: How the United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War by Samuel Moyn
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"[Moyn] takes the reader on an excruciating journey, in incisive, meticulous and elegant prose, about the modern history of making war more legal, and in effect sanitizing it so that it can continue forever . . . [He] puts the whole issue in a tough, pragmatic perspective . . . The yearning to avoid war and yet make it more humane will . . . continue, rendering Moyn’s book timeless." ―Robert D. Kaplan, The New York Times Book Review
"Smart and provocative . . . Arriving 20 years after 9/11, as the United States has withdrawn its troops from Afghanistan, Humane encourages readers to ask central questions too often lost amid the chatter of the foreign policy establishment." ―Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times
"Compelling and authoritative . . . Sweeping . . . The narrative is gripping and panoramic." ―Rayan Fakhoury, Los Angeles Review of Books
"Moyn offers a sorely needed history of how war has become palatable . . . The brilliance of Moyn’s [book] is in how [it] wrest[s] control of the dominant narratives that have gripped the public imagination in the post-9/11 years, and in particular, the country after Trump." ―Rozina Ali, American Prospect
"An important book . . . [Humane] points out that Americans have made a moral choice to prioritize humane war, not a peaceful globe." ―Dennis C. Jett, The Washington Post
"[Humane] is an important extension of themes [Moyn] has been developing since his critical account of 'human rights' in 2010’s The Last Utopia . . . One of Moyn’s greatest gifts as a scholar and a writer is his capacity to combine a carefully crafted historical narrative with both an analysis of political and legal discourse and a righteous anger at the abuses this discourse enables." ―Jeanne Morefield, Jacobin
"Beyond being a meditation on the meaning of war, it is a history of the tension between pacifism and humanitarianism. In a culture that has come to valorize the latter, Moyn gives the former its due and pushes readers to think about how law can aid the cause of peace . . . Humane succeeds as a bracing reminder not to grow comfortable with war as a status quo." ―Stephen Pomper, Foreign Affairs
"[A] learned and provocative book . . . The biggest value of Moyn’s book is the ethical questions he raises. Since war today has become so much less bloody, and involves so many fewer Americans, what is to stop it from becoming perpetual?" ―Edward Luce, Financial Times
“In this profound and deeply disturbing book, Samuel Moyn shows how efforts to curb war's brutality―to make it more humane―find the United States today caught in a bind where war has become perpetual. As technology further dehumanizes war's conduct, this bind will become increasingly difficult to escape.” ―Andrew Bacevich, president of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft
“Humane is a deeply original, powerfully argued, mind-changing book. I predict it will become an activist Bible for Gen Z, in the same way that Michael Walzer’s Just and Unjust Wars guided an earlier generation of anti-war thinkers and protesters.” ―Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America
“This is what books are for: to change our minds. Samuel Moyn has written a surprising, sharp, and deeply compelling reflection on the price of making war humane.” ―Daniel Immerwahr, author of How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States
“History at its finest, Samuel Moyn’s Humane recasts the iconic narratives of warfare, unearthing the ideas that led to today’s forever wars. Sweeping and rich in detail, Humane taps loudly at the conscience of the complacent, sounding a clarion call for peace.” ―Karen Greenberg, author of Subtle Tools: The Dismantling of American Democracy from the War on Terror to Donald Trump
“We tend to think of the rise of humanitarian laws constraining the exercise of force as an unalloyed good. But Samuel Moyn’s stunning new book, Humane, fundamentally upends this conventional wisdom. In the process, Moyn also recovers the now long-forgotten abolitionist tradition, which sought to end war rather than to reform it. This profound historical retelling is an essential and groundbreaking contribution.” ―Aziz Rana, author of The Two Faces of American Freedom
“In gripping prose, one of our boldest intellectuals and most trenchant critics upends the conventional stories that are told about law, progress, and war. Humane exposes the deceptive promise of humanization and its role in supporting the clinically legalized wars of our future. This book is a call for moral and political engagement that should be very widely read.” ―Naz Khatoon Modirzadeh, founding director of the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict
“This is a singularly important book by a singularly incisive thinker. How, Samuel Moyn asks, might we imagine a more moral, generous, efficacious, and just plain sensible approach to the end of violence and the alleviation of human suffering?” ―Walter Johnson, professor of history at Harvard University and author of The Broken Heart of America: Saint Louis and the Violent History of the United States
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Product details
- Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux (September 7, 2021)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 416 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0374173702
- ISBN-13 : 978-0374173708
- Item Weight : 1.42 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.31 x 1.31 x 9.27 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #79,724 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #53 in Military Policy (Books)
- #1,863 in Military History (Books)
- #2,850 in United States History (Books)
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Professor Moyn takes us there: the Horror of War The effort to impose Humane behavior on its execution; or indeed on the question of its Worth following some great minds. A labored read as the topic eternal but I discover he has so well forecast a conclusion in his two Epigraphs.
1. TURGOT, 1776 questioning America “free and lives without war. This spectacle is reserved for centuries far away …”
2. “The lawyers clean up all details.” —DON HENLEY, 1989
America has 800 military instillations of some kind in 76 countries is the general take (deduct a few for Afghanistan in the current count) and a perceived role of World Policeman maintaining the International Rule of Law – but that story is in some state of flux it seems in present time.
Let’s start with the lawyers.
Moyn concludes his work by listing the elements of universal pride that ‘called out’ seem to lift the spirits:
The Geneva Conventions where mankind has delineated human behavior reflecting the impulse of Humane. Since the end of WWII the United Nations has been the setting where these issues are raised.
“1948: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is passed by the United Nations General Assembly, including an article prohibiting torture." p. 251.
But America has been attacked. Bush laying out his “War on Terror” has the advice of the technocratic experts of the Belt Way and Justice Department attorney John Yoo becomes the wise source of handling Terrorists that are not a warring state and therefore have no legal status.
“1949: The current and still-operative Geneva Conventions are finished. Updating the more minimal protections of The Hague Conventions, civilian safeguards are provided in a standalone instrument for the first time. Most of the rules are devised for “international armed conflict.” But Common Article 3 governs “non-international” conflict, with minimal rules for prisoner treatment and trial. In the long run, these rules bind all states. … The United States never ratifies the agreements, though it does signal that it accepts some of their content as unwritten law—leaving the country free to decide which parts.” p. 251. (The global hegemon set terms for the world that it was not itself bound by.)
“2001–2002: After attacks in Manhattan and Washington, D.C., the George W. Bush administration resolves—following memos by the lawyer John Choon Yoo—that Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions should not apply to Al-Qaeda terrorists. Yoo also proposes to exclude fighters for the Taliban altogether from coverage under the laws of war.” p. 252.
Yoo’s advice: maximum flexibility to the president to wage the war. Whatever action he deemed appropriate allowable; the emerging panopticon: a surveillance state domestic and foreign.
George Tenet at CIA, FBI locally listing Muslims, spring into action collecting suspected Jihadists and a new term appears – “enhanced interrogation;” Guantanamo and black sites in cooperating countries blossom. None dare say torture.
A few brave souls, Susan Sontag as journalist, Barbara Lee in the House and Russ Feingold in the Senate, bravely ask for reflection on where are America’s cherished values?
And Wars: broadly viewed as mindless folly, brutality, incompetence bringing us to the present.
Afghanistan a reported eight trillion dollar excursion.
The last ‘droned:’ Aug.31, 2021: A terrorist terminated or an innocent American employee, relatives and seven children destroyed by mistake; Pentagon investigating?* At the end Moyn opens open the topic of where A.I. equipped warfare could take us wrt. ‘Humane’?
TURGOT & MOYN** wise observers.
5 stars
*NYT’s coverage 2021/09/13, pentagon-drone strike.
Pentagon: A "Tragic Mistake;” 9/18/21 NYT.
**Finishing the read: Moyn will show you an America you may not wish to see.
However, the overall value of the book is greatly undermined by the author’s hard leftist slant. George W. Bush is labeled a “war criminal” early on, while Barack Obama, who the author admits is really the father of the endless “humane” war he condemns is repeatedly flattered, though effectively the most blameworthy.
The rest of the book is of a piece. The West and Western “colonialism” are repeatedly slammed and criticized at length, while atrocities committed by non-Western peoples are given short shrift or completely ignored.
The analysis is also interrupted and confused by lengthy and often hagiographic biographies of people the author admires (of course all of the left) offset with similar bios of people he despises (of course all of the right.)
A balanced analysis would have been valuable, but a book like this won’t sell much no matter what, so better for the author to virtue signal to his academic and political fellow travelers I guess.






