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Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland; Or, Why It's Amazing that Federal Programs Work at All, This Being a Saga . . . Morals on a Foundation (Oakland Project) Third Edition

by Jeffrey L. L. Pressman (Author), Aaron Wildavsky (Author)
4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 47 ratings
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Three substantial new chapters and a new preface in this third edition explore and elaborate the relationship between the evaluation of programs and the study of their implementation. The authors suggest that tendencies to assimilate the two should be resisted. Evaluation should retain its enlightenment function while the study of implementation should strengthen its focus on learning.
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  1. ISBN-10
    0520053311
  2. ISBN-13
    978-0520053311
  3. Edition
    Third
  4. Publisher
    University of California Press
  5. Publication date
    June 5, 1984
  6. Language
    English
  7. Dimensions
    5.4 x 0.78 x 8.1 inches
  8. Print length
    312 pages
  9. See all details
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Editorial Reviews

Review

"Of universal application . . . this is an analysis of why the urban crisis has proved so intractable. . . . Nobody who reads this book will ever again be surprised by the gulf between promise and performance in a program to help revive or save or rebuild the country's cities." ― New York Times

"There are innumerable ways to profit from this fully documented yet highly readable tale of earnest but relatively unsuccessful ways of spending the taxpayers' money." ― National Review

"They make an unimpeachable case. for close attention to the modes of implementing policy, and . . . constitute the first solid survey of the administrative thickets through which future urban policies will have to make their way." ― New Republic

"The potential good that can come out of this study cannot be exaggerated." ― Virginia Quarterly Review

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of California Press; Third edition (June 5, 1984)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 312 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0520053311
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0520053311
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 12.8 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.4 x 0.78 x 8.1 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 47 ratings

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Jeffrey L. Pressman

Jeffrey L. Pressman

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4.4 out of 5 stars
47 global ratings

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Top reviews from the United States

  • NMOCM
    5.0 out of 5 stars One of the Most Important Books for Those with a Mind for Politics and Policy
    Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    If only every policy maker and every voter would read this book! Pressman and Wildavsky dig in and show how the best of intentions, and even seemingly great plans, fall apart when it's time to implement them on the ground. They show the difficulties in coordinating the many stakeholders that governments have to bring together, in synchronizing steps carried out by an array of public and private organizations, and of keeping everybody on board over the course of time it takes to execute plans. They show that even if each step in the implementation of a policy seems like a no-brainer, a long series of steps almost certain to succeed can be almost certain to fail! The human mind sees a series of steps that have a 95% chance of success and thinks that the process is likely to work... we rarely appreciate that if there's a 95% chance of each of 15 things working, there's a less than 50% chance that they all work. And when you need to coordinate them to all work on a tight timeline, forget about it! Pressman and Wildavsky's Implementation shows, in both human and theoretical terms, how these miscalculations caused government policy in Oakland to fall apart.
    7 people found this helpful
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  • Amazon Customer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great for learning implementation!
    Reviewed in the United States on March 4, 2021
    Verified Purchase
    This is for my MPA class!
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  • Steven Peterson
    4.0 out of 5 stars A classic in program implementation
    Reviewed in the United States on November 29, 2015
    This is a classic work on program implementation--the process by which words on a piece of paper (such as a law) become translated into an actual program, delivering goods and services to people. There is a rich literature on this subject in political science, public administration, and policy studies. The specialty has come a long way since the first edition of this work appeared in 1973 (I was in graduate school then). This version was the third edition, appearing in 1984.

    The book addresses problems in implementation by route of a case study--the effort to address unemployment in Oakland, California by the Economic Development Administration (EDA). An odd aspect of this was that the program had originally been designed for more rural areas. But Oakland, technically, fit the criteria.

    The agency essentially offered financial support for organizations (whether public or private sector) that developed plans to employ the unemployed. So, organizations got money based on a promise (not on performance). EDA spent a fair amount of money in Oakland, with not-so-fantastic results.

    Pressman and Wildavsky discuss why this might have been the case. For one thing, there were so many steps from the time that EDA decided to go to Oakland with many actors having to agree at each stage of the process. Also, there was the authors' concern that money was provided based on plans rather than actual performance in terms of employment. The book examines successes and failures of a number of funded projects in Oakland--quite instructive!

    All in all, an important work. For one thing, this was considered one of the earliest works in implementation (at least according to lore--one could make the case that implementation had always been a focus in the discipline of public administration). For another, it began to identify challenges to successful implementation. Finally, the volume made suggestions about how to address these challenges.

    A satisfying work even decades after its initial appearance. . . .
    6 people found this helpful
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  • Jean Ntayomba
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great resource
    Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2020
    Verified Purchase
    This is a groundbreaking work to studying policy implementation
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  • Sharon Howard
    5.0 out of 5 stars I bought this book for my daughter and she needed ...
    Reviewed in the United States on November 11, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    I bought this book for my daughter and she needed it for school and this purchase really saved us a lot of money!!
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  • Narine
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on September 27, 2015
    Verified Purchase
    Goood condition and great value
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  • L MacNair
    5.0 out of 5 stars A College Reading Assignment That Impacted Me For Life
    Reviewed in the United States on July 10, 2011
    This book was a college epiphany for me. "Geez, the answers to the world's policy issues may be a bit more complicated than I thought. I may have more to consider." I credit the authors, and a great professor for helping me consider the two halves of the puzzle - strategy and execution. One without the other accomplishes nothing, and they both can affect the other in very dynamic ways. My thinking became less naive, and less ego-centric that semester. I wish all my college readings had such a long lasting impact.
    10 people found this helpful
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  • Germano
    4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on August 23, 2014
    Perfect description.
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Top reviews from other countries

  • Nuno Miguel Cunha Rolo
    5.0 out of 5 stars "Implementation"
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 15, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    This is a great book, a cornerstone of implementation studies for every student or scholar.Indispensable and a good reading book too!
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