Indians, Missionaries, and Merchants: The Legacy of Colonial Encounters on the California Frontiers First Edition

by Kent Lightfoot (Author)

13 ratings

ISBN-13: 978-0520249981

ISBN-10: 0520249984

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California’s earliest European colonists―Russian merchants and Spanish missionaries―depended heavily on Native Americans for labor to build and maintain their colonies, but they did so in very different ways. This richly detailed book brings together disparate skeins of the past―including little-known oral histories, native texts, ethnohistory, and archaeological excavations―to present a vivid new view of how native cultures fared under these two colonial systems. Kent Lightfoot’s innovative work, which incorporates the holistic methods of historical anthropology, explores the surprising ramifications of these long-ago encounters for the present-day political status of native people in California.

Lightfoot weaves the results of his own significant archaeological research at Fort Ross, a major Russian mercantile colony, into a cross-cultural comparison, showing how these two colonial ventures―one primarily mercantile and one primarily religious―contributed to the development of new kinds of native identities, social forms, and tribal relationships. His lively account includes personal anecdotes from the field and a provocative discussion of the role played by early ethnographers, such as Alfred Kroeber, in influencing which tribes would eventually receive federal recognition. Indians, Missionaries, and Merchants takes a fascinating, yet troubling, look at California’s past and its role in shaping the state today.

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Editorial Reviews

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“Lightfoot . . . gives us an excellent history of cross-cultural influences in old California.” ― Westerners International Published On: 2011-10-01

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"This is a remarkable contribution by an extraordinary anthropologist."--David Hurst Thomas, author of Skull Wars

"A groundbreaking work that will be welcomed by both scholars and the general reader who wishes to understand the role of California's past in shaping its future."--Robert L. Hoover, Professor Emeritus, California Polytechnic State University

"This is essential reading for every California historian and archaeologist and a superb choice for undergraduate classrooms. Lightfoot's authoritative account gives a long-silenced voice to the many Indians of California."--Jeanne E. Arnold, editor of The Origins of a Pacific Coast Chiefdom

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Product details

Publisher ‏ : ‎ University of California Press; First edition (November 20, 2006)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 355 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0520249984
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0520249981
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.1 pounds
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.8 x 9 inches

Best Sellers Rank: #1,080,314 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #644 in Archaeology (Books)
- #1,654 in Customs & Traditions Social Sciences

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Christine

Another piece in the puzzle of California history

Reviewed in the United States on June 24, 2015

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Lightfoot is thorough in his research, clear in his language, and well organized in his presentation. Factual, not much decorum, easy to understand and rich for those who want to understand Californian history better.

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Daniel Fehr

Five Stars

Reviewed in the United States on December 23, 2013

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Kent Lightfoot is an excellent author and his historical research in the field is in depth.

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Native Americans

Reviewed in the United States on April 28, 2020

The migration of people throughout foreign areas traveled from far away areas to explore new beginnings. The first wave of people who migrated into California was the Spanish who planned to build missions and presidios throughout California. Followed by the Russian who was located toward the Northern area of California while the Spanish traveled from Mexico traveling north. Then another migration from the eastern coast of the United States which raised questions about manifest destiny. I will discuss some comparisons and differences of the seven dimensions of colonial encounters leading toward the Gold Rush of late 1848. Throughout these historical events, the Native American culture was caught in between this mixing stew from the early 1700s to modern-day. The Seven dimensions which are in categories of enculturation, relocation, labor practices, social mobility, interethnic unions, demographic parameters, and chronology. Each topic has significant importance toward developing a community within the culture of Native Americans. The Missions ran by the Padres had some similarities but mostly differences from how the Merchants would organize their colony, for example, The Ross Settlement. Native Americans played a huge role that helps shape and form these upcoming establishments of safe haven for the Russians and Spaniards. These two cultures had different processes for enculturating Native Americans. The Padres who were considered the leaders of the missions created a specific “Enculturation program designed to transform the population of pagan Native Californians (Lightfoot, 59)”. This was meant to intentionally change the culture and religion of the Native Americans. While the Russians did not “ mount any concerted effort to enculturate local natives (Lightfoot 129)”. The reasons while the Merchants began to do business in the Northern California area were to “exploit the rich resources of the region... Primarily the sea otters and agricultural land (Lightfoot, 118)”. This was a way for the Russians to become profitable, they used the Native Americans to collect Sea Otters in order to create good with their fur. The Relocation process with the Russians did not implement any rule of relocating the Native Americans the one issue that was addressed were that some Native American women would be considered as an interethnic household. The third dimension that I should talk about is Labor Practices along with the Outposts and Missionaries. The Merchants had “four categories of Indian workers: prisoners, colonial spouses, Company employees, and seasonal laborers (Lightfoot,136)”.
This book was an enjoyable read which explains the importance of the aftermath of how the Native Americans. Were being used in missions by the Catholic counterparts as they commanded and tried to civilize the Native Americans. While organizing camps throughout up and down the western coastline. People should read this book to have a better understanding of how the Native Americans were treated in the early 1700s. As most were being used to facilitate a proper understanding of what it was like to be a part of the catholic religion. I would recommend this book to be a part of a learning curve that dives into detail about the Native American culture.

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Indians, Missionaries, and Merchants: The Legacy of Colonial Encounters on the California Frontiers First Edition

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