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The Irony of Manifest Destiny: The Tragedy of America's Foreign Policy Hardcover – June 1, 2010
| William Pfaff (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
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"For years," William Pfaff writes, "there has been little or no critical reexamination of how and why the successful postwar American policy of 'patient but firm containment of Soviet expansionist tendencies...has over decades turned into a vast project for ending tyranny in the world. We defend this position by making the claim that the United States possesses an exceptional status among nations that confers upon it special international responsibilities, and exceptional privileges in meeting those responsibilities. This is where the problem lies. It has become somewhat of a national heresy to suggest the U .S. does not have a unique moral status and role to play in the history of nations and therefore in the affairs of the contemporary world. In fact it does not."
Cogently, thoughtfully, powerfully, Pfaff lays out the historical roots behind the American exceptionalism that animates our politics and foreign relations-and makes clear why it is flawed and must ultimately fail. Those roots lie in the secularization of western society brought about by the Enlightenment, and in America's effective separation from the common history of the west during the nineteenth and early parts of the twentieth century, during which it failed to gain "the indispensable experience Europeans have acquired of modern ideological folly and national tragedy." We are, thus, hubristic and naïve in our adventurism, and blind to the truth of the threats we face. No mere critic, Pfaff offers insightful observations on how we can and must adapt to Muslim extremism, nuclear competition, and other challenges of our time.
- Print length240 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBloomsbury USA
- Publication dateJune 1, 2010
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.56 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-100802716997
- ISBN-13978-0802716996
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“In an age of charlatans and poseurs, William Pfaff has long stood for realism and sobriety. With its penetrating critique of the secular utopianism that perverts American statecraft, The Irony of Manifest Destiny affirms his standing as our wisest critic of U.S. foreign policy.” ―Andrew J. Bacevich, author of The Limits of Power and Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War
“Eleanor Roosevelt once said that wishful thinking was America's ‘besetting sin.' In an era of seemingly permanent war, when the doctrine of American exceptionalism and the manifest destiny of the United States reigns virtually unchallenged in Washington, William Pfaff's lucid, dismayed commentary on the follies of such triumphalism has been an island of reason in the imperial sea. If his prescriptions, which hearken back to the America of foreign policy commonsense--that is, to George Kennan rather than George W. Bush, and, alas Barack Obama too--had been followed, the United States and the world would be in a far, far better situation. As things stand, though, Pfaff's clarity and rigor at least offer posterity a way of understanding what actually happened, and why, when national power and national blindness combined to lead the United States down the path of utopian nationalism and in the process become both a danger to the world and to itself.” ―David Rieff, author of At The Point of a Gun
“Anyone fortunate enough to have read the International Herald Tribune over the last several decades knows William Pfaff as the thoughtful and original American heir to George Kennan's sober Niebuhurian realism. Now, in his brilliant new essay on American foreign policy, Pfaff has applied his prudent realist vision to deconstructing the "tragedy" of America's global interventionism. In the name of what he calls "secular utopianism," Pfaff sees in America's increasingly imperialist foreign policy a residue of Enlightenment exceptionalism – America as a beacon of liberty and democracy's global "keeper." He shows persuasively why al Qaeda and Islamic fundamentalism are less perilous than we think, why our interventions in Iraq, Iran and Pakistan are successors to the futility of Vietnam, and why – despite his new spirit of multilateralism – President Obama is caught up in overseas policies likely to fail. This is a book by an American looking from the outside in that needs to be read by every political leader and thinker caught on the inside looking out – most of all by President Obama, who celebrates Niebuhr in theory but seems caught up in the insidious practices of Dick Cheney and George Bush, Jr.” ―Benjamin R. Barber, Distinguished Senior Fellow, Demos, author, Consumed and Jihad vs. McWorld
About the Author
William Pfaff is the author of 8 books on American foreign policy, international relations, and contemporary history. They include Barbarian Sentiments: America in the New Century, which was a finalist for the 1989 National Book Award, and which Ronald Steel called "a work of moral passion and striking insight by America's best foreign-affairs columnist." The late Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. said "William Pfaff is Walter Lippmann's authentic heir. Like Lippmann, he places the rush of events in historical and cultural perspective and writes about them with lucidity and grace." For 25 years, Pfaff wrote a column for the International Herald Tribune, and his essays and articles have appeared widely, in the New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, Harper's, and Foreign Affairs. He lives in Paris.
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Product details
- Publisher : Bloomsbury USA; 1st edition (June 1, 2010)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0802716997
- ISBN-13 : 978-0802716996
- Item Weight : 14.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.56 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,358,490 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #20,586 in Public Affairs & Policy Politics Books
- #30,300 in International & World Politics (Books)
- #114,171 in United States History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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It seems you have first to read the book's end, i.e. Pfaff's fear of the United States' suffering peril as a result of its own policies, in order to discover what in reality is prompting his concerns: It is the outburst of truculent American Exceptionalism propounded by the Bush-43 administration and its neoconservative advisors. He expands the term Manifest Destiny, originally meaning merely American transcontinental expansion, to include the arrogant myth of our divinely ordained, worldwide superiority, an attitude further strengthened by the Manichaeistic belief of the U. S. defending the Good in this world against the powers of Satan. With shock-and-awe the U.S. drove its militaristic sword into two far-away nations pledging revenge to our enemies, but also with the promise to bring about the self-evident benefits of democracy and freedom and thereby leading mankind to the end of history. Pfaff feels that in doing so America subordinated ethical values under national triumphalism. He quotes George F. Kennan who wrote in 1993 that no divine hand has ever reached down to elevate us over the remainder of mankind. One senses Pfaff's dismay at the ideology's jingoism along with its millennial finality, armored ruthlessly by the world's most powerful military, as he predicts history's terrifying backlash.
If this is the correct interpretation of Pfaff's thoughts, we might want to reassure him that since then the American electorate has twice elected a much wiser President, thus returning to more moderate ways. Unfortunately, since Mr. William Pfaff passed away just a few months ago, we can no longer do that. Though you may not subscribe to everything in this scholarly text, it is still good to be reminded that bigotry and bluster are rarely beneficial even for a powerful nation.
in the situation we face. Anyone who has read or understood the importance of George Kennan's
strategy of the containment of Soviet Russia during the Cold War, which arguably prevented a nuclear war,
will appreciate Pfaff's analysis of the forces in play in the Mid-East and what our strategy choices are.
He scrapes away the propaganda and half-truths of our "War on Terrorism" -and lays bare the reality.
Personally I would have enhanced the reasoning with a chapter on "opportunity costs". Militarism is a cancer on the nation's economic resources. It destroys innovation by channeling brains into wasteful production with limited civilian fall-out. As the world becomes multi-polar, the US will find it difficult to play the new game: most problems facing it are not addressed with the military sledgehammer. Militarism is disadaptive as well as dyspeptic.
For some strange reason the author starts out the book, however, by inveighing against the Enlightenment, whom he accuses of having invented a "secular millenarian religion". Yet, the best result of the Enlightenment is the US Constitution - far from being a *utopian" document it was a carefully calibrated set of checks and balances, aimed at reconciling pragmatically the diversity of the 13 states.
By the time the French Revolution came around, the magic moment had gone - nationalism and "the nation" had entered the scene (Art. 3 of the French Declaration of Rights of Man), and with it utopian and totalitarian Jacobinism. Reason no longer was the true basis of a discourse among "we the people". Transcendentalism and romanticism had occupied the terrain, even though
the props of the Enlightenment remained strewn about on the stage. Rousseau "ruled" the roost, not Voltaire.
Maybe the author wants to play fair and bashes on the left in order to be allowed to bash on the religious right. Fair enough, but there are better ways to spend one's time. A line of study could be to revisit the more distant past for clues to what is happening today.
The Roman Empire comes to mind. It was no a "pagan city of the hill" suddenly overrun by barbarians. And the barbarians were not benighted ignorant bullies. State formation on a sort took place outside the limes, as undifferentiated social groups organized themselves in response to the Roman presence, trade, and politics. Identities began to emerge. To understand what happened then might be enlightening. The creation of the US may be seen as a successful instance of such state formation outside the limes. If the relationship is mismanaged, invasions may take place. In this subject area new insights are piling up: worth an extended a reflective visit.
Another area would be demography. The current upheaval in the Middle East is much tied to literacy that has spread to women, and dropped reproduction rates by half. We still know very little about the impact of family systems on politics. To treat in the same way matrilineal Indonesia (in part) and endogamic Arab countries or matrilocal polygamy south of the Sahel is utter nonsense. But then for Samuel HUNTINGTON Indonesia was a detail. On such deep beds of knowledge generalizations grow best.
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et cinq mots pour ne rien dire lol !

