Ken Grauer

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About Ken Grauer
KEN GRAUER, MD is Professor Emeritus (Dept. Community Health/Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida in Gainesville). Dr. Grauer has been a leading family physician educator for over 35 years. During that time he has published (as principal author) more than 15 books and numerous study aids on the topics of ECG interpretation, cardiac arrhythmias, and ACLS. Dr. Grauer retired from practice in 2010 — however, he remains extremely active writing ECG/Arrhythmia books — making ECG videos — and actively participating in numerous on-line ECG teaching forums.
— In 2014, he published, "A 1st Book on ECGs-2014". This is an introductory book for beginning students in ANY medical field. The book is 118 pages — it is ALL in COLOR — and it serves as an excellent START for introducing the reader into the world of ECG interpretation (Sample pages available on amazon — www.ecg1stbook.com). An expanded ePub version is now available.
— His most complete ECG book = ECG-2014-ePub. The hard copy book version is more concise, consisting of 260 pages (pocket sized/spiral binding for easy reference — www.ecg2014.com).
— Regarding ACLS/Arrhythmia Material — Dr. Grauer published 3 books in 2013: ACLS-2013-Pocket Brain — ACLS: Practice Code Scenarios-2013 — and the full-sized ACLS-2013-Arrhythmias Expanded Version (285 pages). E-Pubs are available for all ACLS titles (for nook-kindle-ibooks).
Please check out these FREE on-line Resources:
— Educational ECG BLOG (www.blogecg.com). Clicking on the INDEX Tab (in the upper right of each blog page) takes you to detailed contents of all material.
— Video ECGs (www.videoecg.com) — including MANY hours of meticulously-made video narrations on topics such as Bundle Branch Block; AV Blocks; Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Arrhythmia Management. Many more videos are planned in the future — so stay tuned!
For those who teach ECG Interpretration — Please check out:
— ECG Competency (www.moreecg.com — and — www.demoecg.com).
— Dr. Grauer's perspective as a Board Certified family physician educator and clinician with expertise in cardiology is truly unique. His books have been translated into 4 languages and have sold over 500,000 copies nationwide and internationally.
AMONG HIS OTHER ACCOMPLISHMENTS (www.ekgpress.com):
— Principal Author of more than 75 scientific articles pertaining to cardiology or ACLS topics for family physicians.
— Presenter at well over 300 major Conferences over the past 35 years on various cardiology topics for family physicians, nurses, and other primary care providers — including numerous keynote speaker invitations at national meetings.
— Featured Speaker on over 40 medical videos / audiocassettes produced by the AAFP or Audio-Digest.
— Author of ECG Review columns that have been published monthly in various family practice journals since 1983.
— Longterm service on Editorial Boards and as reviewer of medical books/articles for many primary care journals.
— Recipient of numerous Awards for teaching excellence on a local, statewide and national level — including 3-time Residency Teacher of the Year; recipient of the Superior Accomplishment Award and TIP Award from UF (one of two physicians to first receive this latter award); 1st recipient of the FAFP Educator of the Year Award (in 1993); 1st Recipient of the national AAFP Exemplary Teaching Award for full-time faculty (in 1997); Charter Member of the Society of Teaching Scholars at UF College of Medicine; and Exemplary Teacher, UFCOM in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
— Presenter of numerous national ECG Workshops (including Advanced ECG Interpretation at the AAFP Scientific Assembly for 18 consecutive years in the past), and previous longterm teacher of the ECG Review for AAFP Board Review Courses.
— Former ACLS State and National Affiliate Faculty. Dr. Grauer taught in well over 100 ACLS Provider Coures and has had a major role in developing the curriculum and teaching at numerous ACLS Instructor Courses over the years. He is a former member of the AHA Task Force for ACLS Testing, and a contributor in the past to the AHA ACLS Textbook.
— Language facility (comfortably conversational in French and Spanish; conversant in Italian, German & Hebrew — learning Portuguese).
— Outside interests: Travel and Dance (all ballroom, Argentine tango) which he enjoys with his wife, and watching his 2 adorable grandchildren growing up.
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Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 was obtained from a man in his 60s with known coronary disease — who called EMS for an episode of more severe CP (Chest Pain) that day. The patient describes increasing angina over the previous ~2 months. ECG #1 was recorded when EMS arrived — at which time the patient's CP had totally resolved.In light of this history — HOW would you interpret ECG #1?Would you activate the cath lab?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case. The patient's chest pain had tota12 hours ago Read more -
Blog postHOW would you interpret the ECG in Figure-1 — IF told that this middle-aged woman was having chest discomfort?Should you activate the cath lab?
Figure-1: ECG obtained from a middle-aged woman with chest discomfort.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:The rhythm is sinus at ~90/minute. All intervals (PR, QRS, QTc) and the frontal plane axis are normal. There is no chamber enlargement.
Regarding Q-R-S-T Changes:There are no Q waves.R wave progression is normal.5 days ago Read more -
Blog postThe patient whose ECG is shown in Figure-1 — is an elderly woman, who was admitted for acute abdominal pain. CT scan revealed splenic infarction. She also complained of an atypical type of chest pain.How would YOU interpret her ECG in Figure-1?Should you activate the cath lab?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:Although there is no long lead rhythm strip — it should be apparent that the rhythm is irregularly irregular — and that1 week ago Read more -
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Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a man in his 50s, who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with "palpitations".How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Doesn't this look like RBBB (Right Bundle Branch Block)?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case. (To improve visualization — I've digitized the original ECG using PMcardio).
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:There is an obviously fast tachycardia in Figure-1. Usually I begin b2 weeks ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — is from a 71-year old man who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with a 1-week history of recurrent severe chest and throat pain. No prior tracing available.In view of this history — How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Is there AV block?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:I favor beginning with2 weeks ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a previously healthy 17-year old female with palpitations. Serum K+ = 3.9 mEq/L.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Is this a dangerous rhythm? What else would you want to know about this patient?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in the ED.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:It's nice to know at the outset that despite the very tall, narrow and peaked T waves — that serum K+ is normal! This allows us to focus on the rhyt3 weeks ago Read more -
Blog postThe patient whose ECG is shown in Figure-1 — is a 68-year old man with risk factors, who presented with severe chest pain lasting ~1 hour — but which resolved by the time he arrived in the ED (Emergency Department). The patient reports that during the previous week — he experienced 2 similar episodes of severe chest pain, lasting about the same amount of time before spontaneously resolving.The patient was pain-free on arrival in the ED — at which time the ECG in Figure-1 was obtained.
4 weeks ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 59-year old man who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with new-onset chest pain.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Why is QRS morphology changing?Should you activate the cath lab?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in the ED.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:The underlying rhythm appears to be sinus — at a rate just under 100/minute. Of note is the observation that QRS morphology changes every-other-beat. This alternat1 month ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 65-year old man who was admitted to the hospital for unilateral weakness that began a number of days earlier. No chest pain. Hemodynamically stable. His stroke symptoms had stabilized at the time this ECG was recorded.In view of this clinical history — How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?
Beyond-the-Core: What is T-QRS-D?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case. (To improve vis1 month ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from an 80-year old man who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with new-onset chest pain.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Is there a "culprit" artery?
Figure-1: The initial ECG obtained from an 80-year old man with new-onset chest pain.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1: Obviously — ECG #1 shows an acute STEMI, based the "eye-catching" ST elevation in leads V5,V6.1 month ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from an older man who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with new-onset symptoms that began within the past 1-2 hours. The patient had a long history of smoking — but no prior history of heart disease.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Can you identify the “culprit”?Extra Credit: Why is there no ST elevation in lead aVL?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case.
MY Thoughts on ECG #1:The rhythm is sinu2 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 65-year old woman who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) for abdominal pain. No chest pain. She was hemodynamically stable at the time the ECG in Figure-1 was recorded.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?What is the rhythm?
Figure-1: 12-lead ECG and long lead II rhythm strip obtained from a 65-year old woman with abdominal pain. What is the rhythm?
===============================NOTE: The ECG in today's case was rep2 months ago Read more -
Blog postA 79-year old man presented with palpitations and the ECG shown in Figure-1. The patient had a history of coronary disease. He was hemodynamically stable at the time this tracing was recorded.
QUESTIONS:How would YOU interpret the ECG shown in Figure-1?How certain are you of your diagnosis?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case — obtained from a 79-year old man with palpitations.
MY Approach to the ECG in Figure-1:We are told that the patient whose2 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 40-year old woman 10 days after a normal vaginal delivery. She presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with a history of progressive dyspnea over the previous 3 days.
QUESTIONS:In view of this history — How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Many staff physicians were concerned about an acute MI. Do YOU agree?
Figure-1: Initial ECG from a woman 10 days post-partum — who presented to the ED with progressive dyspnea. (To2 months ago Read more -
Blog postHow would YOU interpret the lead II rhythm strip shown in Figure-1?
Figure-1: How would you interpret this rhythm strip?
MY Approach to the Rhythm in Figure-1:As always — I favor a systematic approach to every arrhythmia that I encounter, encompassed by the memory aid, "Watch Your Ps, Qs and the 3Rs" (See ECG Blog #185). That said, looking at this rhythm — I could not fail to notice that there is "group beating" in a supraventricular (ie, narrow2 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a middle-aged man who presented with shortness of breath. No chest pain. Assuming the patient was hemodynamically stable:How would YOU interpret the rhythm in Figure-1?What are your diagnostic considerations?NOTE: This is a challenging case! Both the rhythm and the 12-lead ECG manifest complexities without simple solution. My hope is to provide insight by presenting my thought process in the sequence that I used to approach this tracing. Are YOU2 months ago Read more
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Blog postAn acutely ill man in his 40s was admitted to the hospital. Suffice it to say that the patient was intubated — and that there was multi-organ involvement including effects from severe alcoholism, mental confusion, tenuous fluid balance — and significant ventricular dysfunction on Echo. His initial ECG is shown in Figure-1.How would you interpret this initial tracing?
Figure-1: Initial ECG of an acutely ill man in his 40s with multi-organ involvement (See text).
MY T2 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 was obtained from a middle-aged man — who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with syncope. No other clinical information available.How would YOU interpret this ECG?In view of this history — what are your diagnostic considerations?
Figure-1: ECG obtained from a middle-aged man with syncope.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:The rhythm is sinus at ~65/minute. Regarding Intervals: The PR interval is normal. The QRS complex is2 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 was obtained from a 70-year old man with longstanding hypertension. The patient was in for his yearly check-up. He denied symptoms.A preliminary diagnosis of an acute inferior STEMI was made on seeing the ECG in Figure-1. Do you agree?
Figure-1: The initial ECG in today's case.
MY Thoughts on the ECG in Figure-1:Beginning with Rate & Rhythm — the long lead II rhythm strip shows the rhythm to be regular at ~80-85/minute. The QRS complex is narrow.3 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a man in his 40s, who was referred to the ED (Emergency Department) for a "slow rhythm". The patient was asymptomatic at the time this ECG was recorded.How would YOU interpret this rhythm?What are your diagnostic considerations?
Figure-1: 12-lead ECG and long lead rhythm strip recorded on an asymptomatic man in his 40s.
My Thoughts on Figure-1:Intuitively applying the Ps, Qs, 3R Approach for assessment of the rhythm3 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 60-year old woman, who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) with intermittent shortness of breath over the past week. No chest pain. The patient has a history of diabetes and hypertension.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?Why are there "alternating" beats?
Figure-1: 12-lead ECG obtained from a 60-year old woman with intermittent dyspnea (but no chest pain).
=======================================3 months ago Read more -
Blog postThe ECG and long lead II rhythm strip in Figure-1 — was obtained from a previously healthy middle-aged woman, with a history of intermittent palpitations over the past few months. No syncope or chest pain. She was hemodynamically stable at the time this ECG was recorded.How would YOU interpret the ECG in Figure-1?What might cause this rhythm? Figure-1: 12-lead ECG and long lead II rhythm strip recorded on a middle-aged woman with palpitations in recent months. Hemodynamically stable.
3 months ago Read more -
Blog postToday's CASE: The 12-lead ECG and long lead I rhythm strip in Figure-1 — was obtained from a 65-year old woman who presented to the ED (Emergency Department) a 1-day history of chest pain. Her chest pain had resolved at the time the ECG in Figure-1 was recorded.
QUESTIONS:
How would YOU interpret the rhythm and the 12-lead?What do you think may have happened?
Extra Credit: Why is interpretation of this tracing so challenging? H3 months ago Read more -
Blog post=========================================Today’s tracing is another ECG “Quick Case” ( = EQC) — in which I’ll provide a more “time-efficient” account of my thought process (with goal toward expediting your interpretation within seconds rather than minutes)! Relevant links are at the bottom of the page. =========================================
Today's CASE: The 12-lead ECG and long lead II rhythm strip in Figure-1 — was obtained from an older woman who “suddenly fainted”. No3 months ago Read more -
Blog postNOTE (5/2/2021): I'm adding a feature to my ECG Blog — namely, some ECG "Quick Cases" ( = EQCs) — in which I'll provide "quick answers" to short ECG cases, with my impression of the "essentials" that come to me within the first few seconds that I see the tracing.While I always encourage a systematic approach to ECG assessment — my goal is to help expedite clinical decision-making.I'll add LINKS at the bottom of each case where more detailed discussion can3 months ago Read more
Titles By Ken Grauer
- All key sections in this ePub are numbered for speedy localization using either the linked Rapid-Find Contents or convenient Search functions.
- There is a LOT of material in this electronic ePub version! Our Acute MI section alone is over 100 pages, including comprehensive discussion on ECG recognition of ischemia/infarction, coronary anatomy diagrams integrated in a detailed segment on localizing the "culprit" artery - PLUS - separate subsections on recognizing RV and Posterior infarction; Clinical Uses of Lead aVR; Wellens Syndrome; DeWinter T Waves; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy; Causes of Tall R Wave in V1; Giant T Wave Syndrome, plus LOTS of PRACTICE Tracings on Acute MI with Detailed Explained Answers.
- We have also greatly expanded chapters from the hard copy ECG-2014-PB book on Rhythm Interpretation; Chamber Enlargement; Bundle Branch Block; Hemiblocks; Axis; QT Interval/Torsades; Early Repolarizaton and Normal Variants; Electrolyte Disorders; Acute Pericarditis; Brugada Syndrome; WPW (including WPW-related arrhythmias and localizing the Accessory Pathway); Use of the Computerized Interpretation; and Technical Aspects of Doing an ECG (with emphasis on recognizing common Technical Errors).
- Clinical relevance is stressed throughout this ePub.
- All illustrations are in color.
- Numerous Practice Exercises are integrated with content along the way.
- Over 600 pages - this is a stand-alone resource.
- This kindle version of ECG-2011-ePub is concise like its hard copy counterpart (ECG-2011-Pocket Brain book). It is a great review of all of the basics.
- A 6th Edition of the hard copy Pocket Brain book has come out (ECG-2014-Expanded PB). It has 260 pages - whereas ECG-2011-PB has 100 pages. IF you are looking for a more comprehensive book - Please order ECG-2014-Pocket Brain rather than ECG-2011-PB.
- The kindle version of ECG-2014-ePub (B00HX29ZAO) has just come out (January 17, 2014). IF you are looking for a more comprehensive kindle version - Please order ECG-2014-Expanded-ePub instead of this 2011 version.
- Near-instant access is at your fingertips with this electronic ePub version. All key sections in this ePub are numbered for instant localization using either the linked Rapid-Find CONTENTS in the front or convenient Search functions.
- All figures are in full color. They easily stretch to whatever size you prefer for easy reading.
- An expanded GLOSSARY of ECG-related terms is at the front of the ePub to facilitate understanding of terminology.
- A detailed ECG Crib Sheet is also in the front of the ePub as an illustrated check-list reminder of all key ECG criteria.
- "Extras" that have been added to this ePub include more detailed interpretations of Practice Tracings and an ADDENDUM Section on Bundle Branch Block and WPW - which serves as a transition from beginning-to-intermediate ECG interpretation level.
- BOTTOM LINE: The book version of "A 1st Book on ECGs-2014" is our "quick answer" that can be read by anyone (medically oriented or not) within a couple of hours. This expanded ePub version accomplishes these same goals PLUS taking the beginner several steps further with a more comprehensive look at ECG interpretation.
Our goal is to provide key information fast. E-Pub format with user-friendly linked numbering of each case component allows near-instant access when you want to return to any particular aspect of management.
Our goal is to provide key information fast. User-friendly linked numbering of all key sections in the Contents allows near-instant access to information on any topic. New subjects covered in this ePub version include - Therapeutic Hypothermia - Who to Cath following resuscitation - Use of Echo during cardiac arrest - Capnography - plus entire new Clinical Rhythm Diagnosis sections that will challenge and instruct providers of any experience level. Includes numerous practice tracings with detailed and illustrated explained answers. ACLS-2013-ePub contains well over 200 illustrative figures and tracings (all in color for this ePub version).