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Knowing the Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror Paperback – March 14, 2007
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An examination of the real reasons for 9/11 that will provoke fundamental rethinking of the War on Terrorism
"A level-headed, intelligent, thorough and accessible survey of modern Islamic militant thinking."—Jason Burke, Guardian
“Concise and sober. . . . Quite simply the best single volume currently available on this topic.”—Tim Rutten, Los Angeles Times
After September 11, Americans agonized over why nineteen men hated the United States enough to kill three thousand civilians in an unprovoked assault. Analysts have offered a wide variety of explanations for the attack, but the one voice missing is that of the terrorists themselves. This penetrating book is the first to present the inner logic of al-Qa’ida and like-minded extremist groups by which they justify September 11 and other terrorist attacks.
Mary Habeck explains that these extremist groups belong to a new movement—known as jihadism—with a specific ideology based on the thought of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Hasan al-Banna, and Sayyid Qutb. Jihadist ideology contains new definitions of the unity of God and of jihad, which allow members to call for the destruction of democracy and the United States and to murder innocent men, women, and children. Habeck also suggests how the United States might defeat the jihadis, using their own ideology against them.
- Print length256 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherYale University Press
- Publication dateMarch 14, 2007
- Dimensions5.56 x 0.65 x 8.22 inches
- ISBN-100300122578
- ISBN-13978-0300122572
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About the Author
MARY HABECK is associate professor, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. She is coeditor of Spain Betrayed: The Soviet Union in the Spanish Civil War and The Great War and the Twentieth Century, both published by Yale University Press.
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Product details
- Publisher : Yale University Press; 49410th edition (March 14, 2007)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0300122578
- ISBN-13 : 978-0300122572
- Item Weight : 11 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.56 x 0.65 x 8.22 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,729,143 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2,546 in Terrorism (Books)
- #2,732 in Middle Eastern Politics
- #6,838 in Middle East History
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It would have been very helpful if she had a chapter on war in the Quran and Hadith (authoritative records of Muhammad's words and example). The problem is not primarily fundamentalists who "misread" the Quran. The core problem is that the Quran and Muhammad promote and practice violence against nonMuslims and Muslims who are not completely committed. So even if all fundamentalists and militant authors disappeared today, Muslims would still find dedication to violent war embedded in the Quran and sunna (example) of the prophet Muhammad and the problem of Muslim militancy would return. Quran and hadith are ultimate sources for all Muslims (hadith is essential because Muhammad is considered a holy, flawless prophet, so authentic parts of hadith are as authoritative to Muslims as the Gospels about Jesus are to Christians).
At least ten of the 114 chapters of Quran forcefully advocate offensive war: Surahs 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 22, 30, 33, 48, 54. The words “fight,” “kill,” “destroy” are common, as is offensive (not just defensive) war. The Quran also mentions at least 7 wars fought by Muslim armies. According to the Quran, prophet Muhammad recruited warriors, commanded armies, took war captives as slaves, had sex with slaves, took booty from his wars, defined "martyr" as Muslims who were killed while fighting wars, promised reward to warriors, claimed that Allah killed the men that Muslim warriors killed, and said that Muslims who did not become warriors in his army could not claim booty but would go to hell, The two sections on "peace" state that Muslims need not kill nonMuslims if they submit to Muhammad without fighting back. This seems to be the unknown fact, or secret, that academics and modernist Muslims want to hide from Muslims and nonMuslims alike. Habeck refers to some of these in passing, but doesn't provide the attention they deserve.
Kabeck's book is short, concise, well researched and includes a very large amount of information in a small space. She reveals sources generally unknown and difficult to find in the west and in languages other than Arabic. With the exception of the shortage of material on Quran and hadith, Kabeck's book is extremely important reading.
In an early chapter Ms. Habek describes the thought and writing of the first major fundamentalist thinker, Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Wahhab. He eventually emerged as one of the most influential radical Islamic writers. However his ideas were marginalized for nearly two hundred years until the oil shocks of the seventies gave Wahhabi preachers millions of petrodollars to spread their version of Islam throughout the world.
Accounts of other important radicals such as Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Banna, Mawdudi, and Qutb are included, within their historical context. Habek is able to do this clearly and without overuse of mind-numbing Arabic nomenclature.
A characteristic that all the radical groups share is that their beliefs have little to do with external pressures from Europeans or others but from the internal strife and dynamics of Islam itself. She makes this point repeatedly. These people are first and foremost religious fanatics. It was not any encounter with the West that made them this way.
The jihadist Muslims don't see themselves as destroyers or murderers but as saviors of mankind from its many problems. They believe the Qur'an has appointed them as guardians over humanity and the right to dominion over the world. With this absolutist utopian ideology they reject "man made laws" such as takes place in a democracy. Only religious, or "shari'a law as derived from the Qu'ran can rule mankind, and it cannot be separated into "church and state." There is no secular order in Islam, all is religious.
Habek repeatedly states throughout the book that the jihadists are only a small fraction of the Islamic faith. According to her they don't represent the thinking of the vast majority of Islam. But one is left wondering, why aren't there numerous books explaining the point of view of this majority? Why are there no visible spokesmen from moderate Islam debating and excoriating the jihadists? Could it be that either (1) the vast majority of Islam agrees with the jihadists or (2) the vast majority have themselves been terrorized and are afraid to speak out?
Habek lists a few recommendations for solving the clash between the jihadists and the rest of the world. She states "the United States and other countries must...find reasonable strategies that will exploit the failures of the jihadis, stop the extremists from carrying out violent attacks, minimize the appeal of their beliefs and eventually end their war with the world." "The center of the jihadist movement is its ideology, which must be directly confronted, challenged and defeated."
In the end May Habek offers the neoconservative (although she doesn't call it that) approach as the best possible hope. "Only democratization...will directly attack the jihadist ideology while creating governments that are more responsive to their citizens." "If democracies can flourish in Islamic lands without disturbing the practices and beliefs of Islam, the entire jihadist argument will collapse."



