Lepanto 1571: The Greatest Naval Battle of the Renaissance (Praeger Illustrated Military History)
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For much of the 16th century the Mediterranean was a battleground between Christians and Muslims. In August 1571, an Ottoman fleet of some 235 galleys encountered the slightly smaller Christian fleet of the Holy League. In a five hour melee the Christians inflicted a decisive defeat on the Turks. Lepanto was the last great galley fight of all time and one of the most decisive naval battles in history.
For much of the 16th century the Mediterranean was a battleground between Christians and Muslims. A decisive battle between two large galley fleets was expected to decide the fate of the entire Mediterranean basin. In August 1571, an Ottoman fleet of some 235 galleys encountered the slightly smaller Christian fleet of the Holy League. In a five hour melee the Christians inflicted a decisive defeat on the Turks. Lepanto was the last great galley fight of all time and one of the most decisive naval battles in history. This book details the course of one of the most crucial military campaigns of the Renaissance.
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About the Author
ANGUS KONSTAM hails from the Orkney Islands and is the author of over 20 books for Osprey. Formerly the Curator of Weapons in the Royal Armouries at the Tower of London, he also served as the Chief Curator of the Mel Fisher Maritime Museum in Key West, Florida. His maritime titles for Osprey include Elite 67: Pirates 1660-730, Elite 69: Buccaneers 1620-1700 and Elite 70: Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560-1605. Angus lives in Edinburgh.
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Product details
- Publisher : Praeger (September 14, 2005)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 96 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0275988570
- ISBN-13 : 978-0275988579
- Item Weight : 1 pounds
- Dimensions : 7.5 x 0.5 x 9.75 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #8,487,376 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #8,631 in Military History (Books)
- #13,664 in Naval Military History
- #25,370 in European History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

With over 50 history books in print, Angus is a widely recognised and much-published historian. While he specialises in military and naval history he has also written numerous more general history books, designed to make the subject more accessible to a wider audience. Uniquely he has been able to draw on his expertise as a senior museum curator who has worked on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as on his academic training as a historian and as a maritime archaeologist.
His latest book is a full-length biography: Blackbeard: America's Most Notorious Pirate, which is published by Wiley & Sons. of New York (June 2006)
Angus is also just finished writing a history of the Allied landings at Salerno in September 1943 for the British publisher Pen & Sword, and he is currently working on a new project, with the working title of Supership: The Quest for the Renaissance Battleship.
Angus lives in Edinburgh, in Scotland.
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The chapter on Opposing Commanders provides a good example. A paragraph is devoted to each relevant character. In addition, the individual's name is highlighted in bold at the beginning of each paragraph. This simple element allows the reader to easily refer back to this chapter as needed.
A significant portion of this book is focused on the battle itself. Although one might think this obvious, it is not the case in all Osprey books. The Battle of Lepanto consisted of action between three smaller divisions, the North, Center, and Southern "Battles." The author takes the time to inform the reader that he will discuss each action in its entirety instead of covering the whole battle simultaneously. The point is that the reader knows what the author is doing and doesn't have to guess.
The Battle of Lepanto contains several significant figures, multiple countries, and a battle that has three significant actions. The complexity of this battle provides numerous opportunities for an author to write a confusing and jumbled narrative. The fact that Konstam and Bryan cover this battle in a clear and easy to read fashion is commendable. As noted above, this book sets the standard for which all Osprey books should strive to reach.
Lepanto 1571 begins with a short introduction and a campaign chronology. The sections on opposing commanders, opposing fleets and orders of battle cover thirteen pages. The section on opposing plans is quite good, followed by 17 pages on the early phases of the campaign and 39 pages on the battle itself. The maps are one of the strong suites in this volume and they comprise five 2-D maps (strategic situation in 1570-1571, the Cyprus campaign in 1570, the advance to Lepanto, the fleets close, the morning of Lepanto) and three 3-D "Birds Eye View" maps of the Battle of Lepanto. The three battle scenes (the battle lines close, the Venetian galleasses break up the Turkish line, and the flight of Uluch Ali) are decent - particularly for illustrating the colorful paint schemes of the galleys on both sides - but not great. It is also apparent that the author has done his research well on this subject and the bibliography is more than adequate for a volume this size.
Konstam notes that it was the diplomatic intervention of Pope Pius V that resulted in the creation of the Holy League - an alliance of Spain, Venice, Genoa and other Christian states - that was the only "force capable of standing up to the Turks." Without this Papal involvement (which included 15% financing and troops), the Turks would have picked off the Christian states piecemeal. Even so, the League was always tenuous and threatened to fall apart on the eve of battle. After the victory at Lepanto at the death of Pope Pius V, the League did indeed disintegrate. Lepanto 1571 is a fine example of the problems of coalition operations even when faced with a dire threat.
It is also apparent that even by 1571, Islam was beginning to fall behind the West militarily. Konstam notes that the six large Venetian galleasses "in the Christian fleet virtually amounted to a secret weapon, and represented the ultimate development of the oared warship." Indeed, the allies were so confident about the galleasses that they deployed them as an advance guard in front of the main battle line and these heavily armed ships were critical in disrupting the Muslim attack. It is also interesting that the allied fleet, under Don John, based its plan on firepower rather than maneuver. Although the rival fleets were equal in size, the Christians had 200 more guns than the Muslim fleet and they made it the centerpiece of their tactical plan. Indeed, Don John ordered all wooden rams to be removed prior to the battle in order to give the guns better fields of fire. While the Christians put their faith in artillery fire, the Muslim plan was based on maneuver. The Muslim fleet had a number of smaller, more maneuverable craft and they hoped to use these to envelope the Christian battle line. However, Muslim scouts erroneously reported that the Christian fleet was only about half its actual size and thus their fleet was committed to battle on the false assumption of numerical superiority.
Konstam also does an excellent job portraying the ferocity of the Turkish war machine in the 16th Century, when Islam was a dangerous and aggressive force. As a prelude to the Lepanto campaign, the Turks invaded Christian-held Cyprus in 1570; when the city of Nicosia fell after a brief siege, the Turks slaughtered virtually the entire Christian population of 20,000. The city of Famagusta held out for nine months and only surrendered when the Turks agreed to spare the garrison and civilians. Instead, the Turks abrogated the terms and massacred the unarmed Venetians. The Venetian commander was flayed alive in the town square. Throughout this period, the Turks were brutal aggressors and Europeans suffered many defeats at their hands. Indeed, it is amazing how this period of Islamic aggression - which lasted for centuries - is now conveniently forgotten by Muslim politicians in the Mideast who constantly denounce "Western aggression."
Lepanto was a tough fight, with 85% of the Turkish fleet lost and 30% of the victorious Christian soldiers and sailors killed or wounded. Although the Turkish tactical maneuvers almost upset the European battle plan, it was Christian gunnery and the courage of desperation that led to the final result. Konstam notes that while the Muslim setback in 1565 had been troubling, that it was not until the catastrophe at Lepanto that Islamic aggression in the Mediterranean was permanently contained.


