Sabine Hossenfelder is a physicist with a social media following, a much beloved blog, an attitude, and now a book to go along with it all. This is not a physics book, it is a philosophy book. Its subject matter falls squarely into "philosophy of science". It is not a book about philosophy of science, but a book that does philosophy of science. Specifically, She mounts a strong critique of present attitudes and assumptions underlying approaches to today's work in theoretical physics and cosmology. Particle physics, string theory, quantum gravity, quantum mechanics and field theory, black holes, and the origins of the universe all come within her scope. In Dr. Hossenfelder's view all of them suffer from a similar bias towards the idea that mathematical consistency alone is a truth criterion. Nowhere is this made more plain than in her delightful demonstration that the present predilections of every single one of the above fields can be turned into a multiverse hypothesis!
Hossenfelder knows that data is important. She also knows that modern experimentation in the physical and cosmological sciences is expensive and sometimes takes years to produce data and sometimes not even then. The physicists know this too. It used to be that theories explained existing data and then made new predictions subsequently confirmed or ruled out by further experiments. But the easy experiments have been done. The problem is that there are too many physicists, too many people chasing the next grant, the next tenured position, and not enough money, or new data, to go around. This is a part of the problem, the economics, sociology, and politics of the field. She addresses these, but they are a secondary concern. Her primary concern is squarely philosophical.
At the present level of exploration of physical foundations there are darned few predictions to be confirmed or denied either because doing so is too expensive, experiments have resulted negative outcomes, or the predicted phenomena lie beyond any conceivable experiment. What then are the legions of theoreticians to do? Noticing that many of the successful physical theories of the past have a certain elegance and simplicity about them, intrepid physicists turn to beauty and the notion of naturalness. Neither of these ideas is bad, but they are not, by themselves, good arbiters of truth and this is exactly Dr. Hossenfelder's point and the primary subject of the book.
Of the twin notions, naturalness is the easier to quantify as it comes down to there being no, or few, "arbitrary numbers" needed to make the theory match the data. The number "1" (or numbers very close to it) is "natural" because it doesn't change what it multiplies. Un-natural parameters (outside of science known as "fudge factors") detract from a theory unless they can be satisfactorily explained. The demand for explanation of the fudge factors drives further theory building and she notes that as one is explained, others seem inevitably to appear. Beauty is a more vague idea still as are associated ideas of simplicity (related to naturalness) and elegance. Beauty is, after all, in they eye of the beholder and this is no less characteristic of physicists and their foundational theories as it is in art.
Dr. Hossenfelder traveled from Stockholm to Hawaii and points in between interviewing famous physicists to garner their opinions on this subject. These interviews form a goodly part of the book. Some of her interviewees work firmly in the mainstream of modern physics. Others occupy peripheral positions but have enough street credit to be read by their peers, at least for a while. Her interviews are brilliant and funny. She asks good questions, philosophical questions, and all her interviewees agree with her! The present tendency in physics she so well illuminates is a problem! But there is also consternation. "What else can we do?" is an oft repeated refrain.
Through the process of relating all of this to us, Dr. Hossenfelder expresses her own insecurities about her choice of specialty, and even physics altogether! Has she wasted her time she wonders? Perhaps. But if I had the power I would hire this woman instantly; not in physics, but in philosophy! This theoretical physicist has a lot to contribute to the philosophy of science. Not that the physicists will care much of course. As is often the case in philosophy, insights go unrecognized until after problems that might have been avoided have fully broken upon us.
Dr. Hossenfelder is not absolutely alone crying in the wilderness here. There are a few of her peers in the physics community who see the same problems and have written about them; Lee Smolin comes immediately to mind and there are, perhaps, a few others. She should not despair however. Her credentials are impeccable. She has a lot more to contribute, if not to physics directly, then to philosophy of science. She should embrace her new community!
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Lost in Math: How Beauty Leads Physics Astray Kindle Edition
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LanguageEnglish
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PublisherBasic Books
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Publication dateJune 12, 2018
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File size9196 KB
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Editorial Reviews
About the Author
Sabine Hossenfelder is a research fellow at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies and the author of the popular physics blog Backreaction. She has written for New Scientist, Scientific American, and NOVA. She lives in Heidelberg, Germany.
--This text refers to the audioCD edition.
Review
"[A] provocative new book."―New York Times
"Hossenfelder ably mixes simplified explanation of the science with compelling portraits of the fascinating characters who study it."―Vanity Fair
"Lost in Math is self-aware and dosed with acerbic wit, and it asks bold questions."―Nature
"Entertaining and engaging."―Ars Technica
"According to the physicist and prolific blogger Sabine Hossenfelder, Einstein and others who work in a similar way are 'lost in math,' the title of her lively and provocative book."
―Wall Street Journal"Hossenfelder ably mixes simplified explanation of the science with compelling portraits of the fascinating characters who study it."―Vanity Fair
"In her new book, Lost In Math, Sabine Hossenfelder adroitly confronts this crisis head on.... The book is a wild, deep, thought-provoking read that would make any reasonable person in the field who's still capable of introspection doubt themselves."
―Forbes"Lost in Math is self-aware and dosed with acerbic wit, and it asks bold questions."―Nature
"Sabine Hossenfelder's new book Lost in Math provides a well-informed take on the current situation in fundamental physical theory. The author is completely honest, utterly fearless, and often quite funny."
―MAA Reviews "[Hossenfelder's] critical assessment of the field is appropriately timed."
―Science"Eavesdrop on accessible and frank conversations in Hossenfelder's Lost in Math, which wrestles with big questions of quantum mechanics and beauty in a fun, fascinating way."
―Popular Science"Entertaining and engaging."―Ars Technica
"Hossenfelder's jaunt through the world of theoretical physics explicitly raises the question of whether the activities of thousands of physicists should actually count as 'science.' And if not, then what in tarnation are they doing?"
―Weekly Standard (UK)
--This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
Product details
- ASIN : B0763L6YR7
- Publisher : Basic Books; Illustrated edition (June 12, 2018)
- Publication date : June 12, 2018
- Language : English
- File size : 9196 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 252 pages
- Lending : Not Enabled
- Best Sellers Rank: #189,346 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- Customer Reviews:
Customer reviews
4.6 out of 5 stars
4.6 out of 5
635 global ratings
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Critique of philosophical, economic, and social problems in the physical sciences. A beautiful approach to her subject!
Reviewed in the United States on June 15, 2018Verified Purchase
252 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on July 3, 2018
Verified Purchase
I have enjoyed reading Sabine Hossenfelder's views on her blog before, and so I was not completely surprised by this book's premise nor its arguments. I was surprised by the interviews. This was different than I expected but quite enjoyable. Overall I found this hard to put down as Hossenfelder's writing style and the interviews really kept me interested in the book's overall discussion.
As a quick summary, this is about theoretical physics focusing on particle physics, foundational physics, and some astrophysics. The problem is that there is a lack of new data and so the theorists are using principles other than observation to choose data. As Hossenfelder makes clear this is not completely a new or bad problem, but in the past, new data was around the corner to help clear up which theoretical possibilities to chase. Without new observations, what principles should be used to come up with new things to research and explain? How do we justify them, and if we cannot, what should we do?
The book is written in an interview and comment style. I find that this really works well, as I find the comments helpful, interesting, and put the conversations in the appropriate context. I am also quite sympathetic to the arguments in the book. As a graduate student in physics (though not in the specialties this book focuses in), I think I see similar problems of popular arguments and a lack of really thinking about what problems should we be solving. I hasten to add that I do not think my fellow physicists are just wasting money and time, just that a lot of research does not appear to really be an important step when you think about how it actually contributes to the research program's overall goals. Perhaps I have become too much of a pessimist, but I fear that a lot of research is being done because it is the type of research that is done.
I find the different perspective Hossenfelder offers compared to other general audience physics books to be refreshing and thought-provoking. It's certainly not an inspiring book, but I think it makes a strong point that we should stop and evaluate how we are thinking about research so that science can continue to provide us with relevant and exciting new knowledge.
As a quick summary, this is about theoretical physics focusing on particle physics, foundational physics, and some astrophysics. The problem is that there is a lack of new data and so the theorists are using principles other than observation to choose data. As Hossenfelder makes clear this is not completely a new or bad problem, but in the past, new data was around the corner to help clear up which theoretical possibilities to chase. Without new observations, what principles should be used to come up with new things to research and explain? How do we justify them, and if we cannot, what should we do?
The book is written in an interview and comment style. I find that this really works well, as I find the comments helpful, interesting, and put the conversations in the appropriate context. I am also quite sympathetic to the arguments in the book. As a graduate student in physics (though not in the specialties this book focuses in), I think I see similar problems of popular arguments and a lack of really thinking about what problems should we be solving. I hasten to add that I do not think my fellow physicists are just wasting money and time, just that a lot of research does not appear to really be an important step when you think about how it actually contributes to the research program's overall goals. Perhaps I have become too much of a pessimist, but I fear that a lot of research is being done because it is the type of research that is done.
I find the different perspective Hossenfelder offers compared to other general audience physics books to be refreshing and thought-provoking. It's certainly not an inspiring book, but I think it makes a strong point that we should stop and evaluate how we are thinking about research so that science can continue to provide us with relevant and exciting new knowledge.
66 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on April 29, 2019
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Yes she is doubtless a genius, but the author makes her point in the introduction. The entire rest of the book is interviews with other geniuses in confirmation. Here it is: particle physics has become so intractable that new experiments are near impossible. Physicists, at a loss for new data, use their human imaginations and feelings to guide their ever more improbable and untestable hypotheses.
51 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on June 13, 2018
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Sabine's easy writing style makes the reading a pleasure. She has serious issues with the direction the Particle Physics is headed and is not afraid to ruffle some feathers. She approaches the major stalwarts in that area and tries to get their viewpoints across. Her discussions make it obvious that the field is pushed forward and ruled more by wishful thinking rather than by unbiased evidence based approach. She tries to put forward some suggestions at the end for the way forward. Though she does not make it clear, she defines search for beauty as looking for symmetry, unification, and naturalness. On the whole the book reads like a farewell address to a field she loves.
Sabine's writing and communication abilities are top notch. Even someone who is not well versed in the field can enjoy reading the book. I highly recommend this to any scientifically curious person.
Sabine's writing and communication abilities are top notch. Even someone who is not well versed in the field can enjoy reading the book. I highly recommend this to any scientifically curious person.
72 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries
Adam Carlton
4.0 out of 5 stars
Clear, intelligent and non-patronising tour of the crisis in fundamental physics
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on June 17, 2018Verified Purchase
Sabine Hossenfelder is a quantum gravity phenomenologist - she links theories to experiments and observations - and she has a popular blog, Backreaction. She is also losing her faith in physics as it is presently conducted.
Here is the problem. The two great foundations of physics, quantum theory and relativity, are completely successful to the precision of existing experiments and observations. Yet they are mutually inconsistent. Attempts at unification (there are many, including string theory) are presently untestable, their verification beyond the limits of colliders and instruments. There are other conundrums too such as the nature of dark energy and dark matter. In the absence of experimental data, ungrounded theories abound - they are cheap, after all! - driven by aesthetics and groupthink.
Hossenfelder is not a superstar physics-populist with a major TV contract and a slew of pop-sci publications. 'Lost in Math' is not intended for that market. It's an extended meditation on the consequences of the absence of meaningful experimental feedback. The author interviews the world's leading physicists (Witten excepted) and is typically unimpressed by what she hears. Her reactions are ironic, sardonic and hilarious. Her text reports back as if talking to peers. How refreshing.
As a bonus you get an insider's view of the hot issues: what's really happening at the LHC, the role of dark matter in cosmology and the evolution of the universe .. as well as the failure of all attempts to characterise it, the problems with the flavours of multiverse, the measurement problem, the black hole firewall controversy.
There's no easy solution to the great stagnation in fundamental physics. The author is keen that the community should be more aware of its cognitive biases, its herd behaviour and groupthink but it seems difficult to identity the incentive to improve.
As for Sabine Hossenfelder herself, she may believe that publication of this book has killed any chance of tenure for ever, but probably it hasn't. One niche closes, another opens.
I had my doubts about buying this book. Would I really learn anything that I hadn't already picked up from many other popular science books and innumerable blog posts? And is the fragility of beauty, naturalness and elegance as criteria for theory acceptability really enough to sustain a whole volume? Yet Hossenfelder's work is wider and more profound than that. Her tour of the state of the art is a joy to read, discerning and intelligent insights sprinkled throughout. I was engrossed from beginning to end.
Here is the problem. The two great foundations of physics, quantum theory and relativity, are completely successful to the precision of existing experiments and observations. Yet they are mutually inconsistent. Attempts at unification (there are many, including string theory) are presently untestable, their verification beyond the limits of colliders and instruments. There are other conundrums too such as the nature of dark energy and dark matter. In the absence of experimental data, ungrounded theories abound - they are cheap, after all! - driven by aesthetics and groupthink.
Hossenfelder is not a superstar physics-populist with a major TV contract and a slew of pop-sci publications. 'Lost in Math' is not intended for that market. It's an extended meditation on the consequences of the absence of meaningful experimental feedback. The author interviews the world's leading physicists (Witten excepted) and is typically unimpressed by what she hears. Her reactions are ironic, sardonic and hilarious. Her text reports back as if talking to peers. How refreshing.
As a bonus you get an insider's view of the hot issues: what's really happening at the LHC, the role of dark matter in cosmology and the evolution of the universe .. as well as the failure of all attempts to characterise it, the problems with the flavours of multiverse, the measurement problem, the black hole firewall controversy.
There's no easy solution to the great stagnation in fundamental physics. The author is keen that the community should be more aware of its cognitive biases, its herd behaviour and groupthink but it seems difficult to identity the incentive to improve.
As for Sabine Hossenfelder herself, she may believe that publication of this book has killed any chance of tenure for ever, but probably it hasn't. One niche closes, another opens.
I had my doubts about buying this book. Would I really learn anything that I hadn't already picked up from many other popular science books and innumerable blog posts? And is the fragility of beauty, naturalness and elegance as criteria for theory acceptability really enough to sustain a whole volume? Yet Hossenfelder's work is wider and more profound than that. Her tour of the state of the art is a joy to read, discerning and intelligent insights sprinkled throughout. I was engrossed from beginning to end.
73 people found this helpful
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Susan Stepney
5.0 out of 5 stars
This is a great book that will win Hossenfelder few friends in the subject
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 1, 2019Verified Purchase
I have been reading Sabine Hossenfelder’s Backreaction blog for a while now, enjoying her “take no prisoners” style of explaining physics: clear and insightful on the science, blunt about the process. One of the things she is particularly blunt about is the lack of progress in fundamental particle physics, with its plethora of predictions over the last decades, accompanied by a paucity of experimental verification. So I was excited to hear she was writing a book about this aspect. And what a great book it is, both from a physics and a process perspective.
Particle physics has gone nowhere in the last 40-odd years. The Standard Model of the 1970s is still the best available, despite having known shortcomings. The most recent prediction to have been experimentally verified (the existence of the top and bottom quarks) is from 1973. (The Higgs boson was proposed in the previous decade.) Since the 1970s, experimental results have succeeded only in disconfirming attempts to improve on the Standard Model. Why this stunning lack of progress?
Hossenfelder, herself an accomplished theoretical physicist, argues it is because physicists are beguiled by the idea of (mathematical) “beauty”, and are being led astray in their work. Rather than being steered by real-world data, they are following beautiful theories, such as string theory, down mathematical rabbit holes, further and further from experimental checks, ending up in the bizarre place of having to redefine science itself to allow for the absence of even the possibility of experimental validation. The book weaves clear explanations of the problem with snippets of interviews with several of the physicists involved.
Her argument has two main components. Firstly, theoretical beauty is not a reliable guide. There are past examples of a beautiful theory having to give way to a less beautiful one when confronted with disconfirming experimental data. And many times the “beauty” of a theory becomes appreciated, or possibly learned, only after the theory has been accepted and established. Secondly, physics absolutely has to be grounded in experimental validation. Mathematics is the language used to express the theories, and like any language, you can say many different things in it. The only way to discover which, if any, of these is right, is to look to the real world.
This is a great book that will win Hossenfelder few friends in the subject. It cuts deep to the heart of the problem, in a very accessible manner, and exposes the groupthink lying at the heart of today’s fundamental physics.
Particle physics has gone nowhere in the last 40-odd years. The Standard Model of the 1970s is still the best available, despite having known shortcomings. The most recent prediction to have been experimentally verified (the existence of the top and bottom quarks) is from 1973. (The Higgs boson was proposed in the previous decade.) Since the 1970s, experimental results have succeeded only in disconfirming attempts to improve on the Standard Model. Why this stunning lack of progress?
Hossenfelder, herself an accomplished theoretical physicist, argues it is because physicists are beguiled by the idea of (mathematical) “beauty”, and are being led astray in their work. Rather than being steered by real-world data, they are following beautiful theories, such as string theory, down mathematical rabbit holes, further and further from experimental checks, ending up in the bizarre place of having to redefine science itself to allow for the absence of even the possibility of experimental validation. The book weaves clear explanations of the problem with snippets of interviews with several of the physicists involved.
Her argument has two main components. Firstly, theoretical beauty is not a reliable guide. There are past examples of a beautiful theory having to give way to a less beautiful one when confronted with disconfirming experimental data. And many times the “beauty” of a theory becomes appreciated, or possibly learned, only after the theory has been accepted and established. Secondly, physics absolutely has to be grounded in experimental validation. Mathematics is the language used to express the theories, and like any language, you can say many different things in it. The only way to discover which, if any, of these is right, is to look to the real world.
This is a great book that will win Hossenfelder few friends in the subject. It cuts deep to the heart of the problem, in a very accessible manner, and exposes the groupthink lying at the heart of today’s fundamental physics.
9 people found this helpful
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Kevin Davis
4.0 out of 5 stars
Bit of a curates egg of a book.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 17, 2018Verified Purchase
According to Sabine, most of current physics is a mathematical construct (not based on 'real' observations) that proposes 'particles' that are fortuitously (for those seeking research grants for big physics) just beyond what is detectable in currently available experiments. I have often mused that mathematics it just a bit too pretty for the mess that is our (and maybe the many) universe(s). Worth the read, some great explanatory analogies; at times Sabine explains the simple in depth while skimping over the more difficult concepts (perhaps the book needed better editing) .
It is an important book, that deserves to be read by those even mildly interested in science, those actually practising the dark 'arts' and those sifting through research proposals.
It is an important book, that deserves to be read by those even mildly interested in science, those actually practising the dark 'arts' and those sifting through research proposals.
10 people found this helpful
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William J. Fox
4.0 out of 5 stars
Eye Opening
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 13, 2020Verified Purchase
I've always had a suspicion that academics the theoretical physicists are pulling a fast one. Sabine has an informative Youtube channel which I follow, and bought this book to get more detail on some of her topics. It more or less succeeds although it is a few years out of date regarding the Large Hadron Collider despite being published recently.
The book details her search around the world to discover if physicists are taking beauty over function when trying to explain the universe. It seems they are, although one man's meat is another man's pet. Written almost in the form of a diary, the style is chatty and easy to digest. Diagrams, where necessary, are clear and simple. On the whole, it is effortless to read and. for the most part, not too far out of my comfort zone regarding the topics she covers. Highly recommended.
A recommended companion read to this would be:
"Bankrupting Physics - How today's scientists are gambling away their credibility"
by Alexander Unzicker and Sheilla Jones.
My personal gripes?
Math???? Maths, please. Sabine is German but has taken on board too many ugly Americanisms in her writing, probably more her fault. Whenever an American writes "dove" when they mean "dived" I think of the bird until the context clicks in. The same with "span", I always think or a bridge, when the writer actually means "spun". She also uses "gotten", another hideous word in any form you use it. Every time you think to write "got" outside speech marks, please use a Thesaurus and use a real word. I remember when people speaking English as a second language learned proper grammar and vocabulary, unfortunately Americanism seems preferable to good English these days.
The book details her search around the world to discover if physicists are taking beauty over function when trying to explain the universe. It seems they are, although one man's meat is another man's pet. Written almost in the form of a diary, the style is chatty and easy to digest. Diagrams, where necessary, are clear and simple. On the whole, it is effortless to read and. for the most part, not too far out of my comfort zone regarding the topics she covers. Highly recommended.
A recommended companion read to this would be:
"Bankrupting Physics - How today's scientists are gambling away their credibility"
by Alexander Unzicker and Sheilla Jones.
My personal gripes?
Math???? Maths, please. Sabine is German but has taken on board too many ugly Americanisms in her writing, probably more her fault. Whenever an American writes "dove" when they mean "dived" I think of the bird until the context clicks in. The same with "span", I always think or a bridge, when the writer actually means "spun". She also uses "gotten", another hideous word in any form you use it. Every time you think to write "got" outside speech marks, please use a Thesaurus and use a real word. I remember when people speaking English as a second language learned proper grammar and vocabulary, unfortunately Americanism seems preferable to good English these days.
2 people found this helpful
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Bertie
5.0 out of 5 stars
Excellent book
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 13, 2018Verified Purchase
For people like me, working on solid state physics, the issues addressed in this book were a recurrent subject to talk over lunch for at least the last decade. "Someone has to write such a book" we used to say, necessarily had to be someone from inside this community. I am glad that Dr. Hossenfelder did it. A theory can be beautiful, or not, but to use mathematical beauty or "naturalness" as a guide does not make any sense. This book should be mandatory reading for young students.
6 people found this helpful
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