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Lynn Margulis: The Life and Legacy of a Scientific Rebel (Sciencewriters) Hardcover – October 19, 2012
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Tireless, controversial, and hugely inspirational to those who knew her or encountered her work, Lynn Margulis was a scientist whose intellectual energy and interests knew no bounds. Best known for her work on the origins of eukaryotic cells, the Gaia hypothesis, and symbiogenesis as a driving force in evolution, her work has forever changed the way we understand life on Earth.
When Margulis passed away in 2011, she left behind a groundbreaking scientific legacy that spanned decades. In this collection, Dorion Sagan, Margulis's son and longtime collaborator, gathers together the voices of friends and colleagues to remark on her life and legacy, in essays that cover her early collaboration with James Lovelock, her fearless face-off with Richard Dawkins during the so-called "Battle of Balliol" at Oxford, the intrepid application of her scientific mind to the insistence that 9/11 was a false-flag operation, her affinity for Emily Dickinson, and more.
Margulis was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1983, received the prestigious National Medal of Science in 1999, and her papers are permanently archived at the Library of Congress. Less than a month before her untimely death, Margulis was named one of the twenty most influential scientists alive - one of only two women on this list, which include such scientists as Stephen Hawking, James Watson, and Jane Goodall.
- Print length216 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherChelsea Green Publishing
- Publication dateOctober 19, 2012
- Dimensions6.02 x 1.02 x 9.02 inches
- ISBN-101603584463
- ISBN-13978-1603584463
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Review
ForeWord Reviews-
Best known for her work on the origins of eukaryotic cells, symbiogenesis as a force in evolution, and the Gaia hypothesis, Lynn Margulis was a scientist whose lively spirit and frank opinions left behind an enduring legacy that’s well worth remembering. When she died after a stroke in 2011, obituaries emphasized her ability to turn complicated scientific concepts into mainstream discussions, and even after she married famous cosmologist Carl Sagan, her own star was just as bright. In this thoughtful and expertly curated collection, Margulis’s son and long-time collaborator, Dorion Sagan, calls her “indomitable Lynn.” A fearless and zealous advocate of her theories who could also display a loving heart, he writes, “[H]er threat was not to people but to the evil done to the spirit by the entrenchment of unsupported views.” In other essays, Margulis’s complex personality beguiles, frustrates, charms, and elevates various writers, resulting in a stunning portrait that no single remembrance could have captured.
Luminaries throughout the scientific world share their memories of her bulldog attitude and scientific contributions, showing that although she’s gone, her work definitely still resonates and informs evolutionary biology and other fields. Jorge Wagensberg, a physicist and professor from the University of Barcelona, calls Margulis “biology’s greatest heroine,” while astrobiologist Penny Boston recalls the scientist’s ability to be like an “earth mother” who was encouraging and friendly. Other contributors share stories about traipsing with her through marshes on Cape Cod talking about biology, or calling Margulis in the middle of the night with sudden scientific insight (only to have her gently say, “Okay. Now go back to sleep”). There are several of her students who recall her tenacity and ferocious curiosity, two attributes that drove them toward deepening their own research.
The collection is organized chronologically, grouping together essays about her early days as a scientist and following with her establishment in the scientific community, her work as a “modern-day Copernicus,” and her role as a teacher, neighbor, and friend. The photographs included in the volume are also perfectly chosen, with every image showing her forceful personality, relentless focus, and often-captivating smile. Taken as a whole, Sagan’s collection is a fitting tribute to a woman whose life and legacy have touched so many others. As he notes, her indomitable spirit lives on through her children, grandchildren, colleagues, and students―and most of all, through the work that she championed so well.
Publishers Weekly-
There are two kinds of great scientists, writes former American Society of Microbiology president Moselio Schaechter in this eclectic, sometimes electrifying, book about biologist Lynn Margulis. There are those making "impressive experiments" and those making "groundbreaking theoretical syntheses." Margulis was the latter, notes Schaechter. Margulis fiercely championed evolutionary symbiogenesis, the merging of distinct organisms to form new organisms in swift, un-Darwinian leaps. Margulis was eventually proven right in some life forms. But her insistence that most evolution involves symbiogenesis led to a lifetime of debate. It also leads to some inspired writing in this book of essays, edited by Sagan, her son and cowriter (Dazzle Gradually: Reflections on the nature of Nature). "A dangerous liaison" is what Margulis felt drove species creation, writes Oxford paleobiologist Martin Brasier in one of the best essays. "A symbiosis between two distantly related organisms that wantonly swapped their genetic information to form completely new genetic strains." Some writing here reflects the idea that life is not a hierarchical tree, but a web, and embraces aspects of the controversial "Gaia" earth model which may put [off] Traditional Darwinian scientists. But this is a captivating read for anyone interested in what powers great scientists.
“I hope that in due time she will be recognized as one of the greatest scientific thinkers of our time.”--Ernest Callenbach, author of Ecotopia
“Although she could be a bulldog, her heart was soft and her spirit loving beneath the scientific realpolitik of her conversation and the insistent tough-mindedness of her sometimes strident and blunt, withering and refreshingly unadorned opinions.”--Dorion Sagan, from the introduction
“It’s the ideas that really matter―and Lynn certainly had hers. They were novel and profound, and she simply wanted all the rest of the world to adjust their thinking to accommodate and embrace what she saw were the simple, beautiful truths that she had uncovered.”--Dr. Niles Eldredge, contributor, and author of Darwin: Discovering the Tree of Life
"I can't imagine what the world of biological science in the twentieth century would have been had Lynn Margulis not come along. In this volume, we can read about some of the vast range of intellect she influenced."--Wes Jackson, president, The Land Institute
“Lynn and I often argued, as good collaborators should, and we wrangled over the intricate finer points of self-regulation, but always remained good friends, perhaps because we were confident that we were right.”--Dr. James Lovelock, contributor, and author of The Vanishing Face of Gaia
“It was life―profligate, teeming life in all its weirdness―that held the magic for her, not this featherless biped with its confused aspirations. Lynn intuited and doggedly gathered evidence to show that most anything we two-leggeds take special pride in―our capacities for cogitation, conviviality, and culture―had been invented, eons before, by the microbial entities that compose us.”--David Abram, contributor, and author of Spell of the Sensuous
About the Author
Dorion Sagan is author of numerous articles and twenty-three books translated into eleven languages, including Notes from the Holocene: A Brief History of the Future and Into the Cool, coauthored with Eric D. Schneider. His writings have appeared in The New York Times, The New York Times Book Review, Wired, The Skeptical Inquirer, Pabular, Smithsonian, The Ecologist, Co-Evolution Quarterly, The Times Higher Education, Omni, Natural History, The Sciences, Cabinet, and Tricycle. He edited Lynn Margulis: The Life and Legacy of a Scientific Rebel, a 2012 collection of writings addressing Margulis's life and work.
Product details
- Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing; 1st edition (October 19, 2012)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 216 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1603584463
- ISBN-13 : 978-1603584463
- Item Weight : 14.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 6.02 x 1.02 x 9.02 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,299,299 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #4,000 in Scientist Biographies
- #7,662 in Evolution (Books)
- #9,748 in Biology (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Dorion Sagan is a celebrated writer, ecological philosopher, and author or coauthor of twenty-five books, which have been translated into fifteen languages (French, Italian, Japanese, Chinese, Dutch, German, Danish, Spanish, Hebrew, French, Portuguese, Turkish, Romanian, Catalan, and Basque). As an ecological theorist he has been at the forefront of bringing our growing understanding of symbiosis as a major force in evolution into the intellectual mainstream, both within science and the humanities, and rethinking the human body as a “multispecies organism.” Sagan has recently continued his lifelong efforts to decenter the human by proposing the concept of Cyanocene in response to the Anthropocene debates (e.g., “Coda: Beautiful Monsters: Terra in the Cyanocene," Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet, University of Minnesota, 2017). A serial collaborator on scientific, intellectual, and artistic projects, Sagan's work ethic follows that of evolving life, whose creativity derives largely from symbiotic merger and genetic recombination. With Carl Sagan and Lynn Margulis, his parents, he is coauthor of the entries for both “Life” and “Extraterrestrial Life” in the Encyclopedia Britannica. The international impact and collaborative character of his work is demonstrated, for example, by the fact that his writing is now regularly used in Japan for college preparation exams. Sagan's close collaborations with multiple scientists from different fields including evolution, ecology, and thermodynamics have helped usher in new, more integral and realistic biological approaches which recognize humanity as a very recent part of a four billion year old biosphere, with important implications for both medicine and the long-term viability of the human species as a planetary life form. His coauthored critiques have helped effect a rapprochement between neo-Darwinism and the biochemistry and microbial ecology of group selection, one bearing fruits for example in the new emphasis among health professionals on the importance of the human microbiome. Sagan has published with university presses (e.g., Yale, Harvard, Oxford, MIT, and University of Chicago), including in anthologies edited by E. O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins in the sciences, and alongside luminaries such as John A. Wheeler, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Jean-Paul Sartre in humanities collections. Increasingly referenced and influential within both academia and popular culture, he is regularly cited by feminist theorists, environmentalists, and drug liberation advocates. Deleuzian political theorist William Connolly of John Hopkins University has described Dorion Sagan’s theorization of teleodynamism (explanations of the world that combine natural forces with micro-agency) as “pursu[ing] these theoretical and experimental lines while actively resisting capture by neoliberalism.” His work has appeared in Natural History, Smithsonian, Wired, Cabinet, and The New York Times, among other publications. He is a member of the Lindisfarne Association and the Advisory Network of Psymposia, as well as on the boards of Sputnik Inc and the Pioneer Valley Coral & Natural Science Institute. Nature magazine named the book to which he contributed, Fine Lines: Vladimir Nabokov’s Scientific Art as one of their Top Twenty books for 2016. In 2014 Kevin Kelly, for The Long Now Foundation, listed his book Biospheres: Metamporphosis of Planet Earth, a Selected Book for the Manual for Civilization. Son of astronomer-educator Carl Sagan and renowned American biologist Lynn Margulis, whose complex work he was the first to popularize, Dorion edited and introduced the 2012 collection, Lynn Margulis: The Life and Legacy of a Scientific Rebel, an IndieFab Award Winner in ForeWord Reviews' Adult Nonfiction Biography category. He contributed to software developer Bill Atkinson’s digital photography book, Within the Stone, an American Photo “Best Photo Book of 2004” in the category of “Art and Science.” In 2003 he was Humana scholar at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky; in 1986 he won an Educational Press Association of America Excellence in Educational Journalism Award for the article, “The Riddle of Sex,” and in 1974 he won Blue Ribbon in the youth contest for sleight of hand in Silent Mora Ring 122, the Boston Chapter of the International Brotherhood of Magicians. He was called an “unmissable modern master” by Stephen Young in New Scientist; Nobel laureate Roald Hoffman tagged his book, Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life with Eric D. Schneider “fascinating”; and Melvin Konner, in The New York Times, wrote of Microcosmos, coauthored with long-time writing partner Lynn Margulis, that "this admiring reader of Lewis Thomas, Carl Sagan and Stephen Jay Gould has seldom, if ever, seen such a luminous prose style in a work of this kind." What is Life?, also coauthored with Margulis, was included on a list of “Mind-Altering Masterpieces” by the Utne Reader, and was called “A masterpiece of science writing” by Orion magazine. Sagan has also collaborated on books with British neuroscientist John Skoyles, biosphere system theorist Tyler Volk of New York University (Death/Sex), and theoretical biologist, Josh Mitteldorf (Cracking the Aging Code; UK, Australia: What Good is Death?). This last book, “the most original popular science book you’re likely to read this year,” according to Peter D. Kramer, Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, mounts strong evidence that aging, genetically underlain, tends to prevent fast-growing species from overgrowing their ecosystems. Dorion's current interests include fiction writing, literary criticism, philosophy, and the arts.
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A. K. Dewdney
The incredible progress of physics in the twentieth Century, from the classical view to the birth of Quantum Mechanics, was punctuated by collegial celebrations of remarkable achievements in the form of a festschrift; a compendium of papers would be published and a party thrown for the one so honored. The untimely death of Dr Lynn Margulis in November of 2011 has resulted in a kind of posthumous festschrift, a book of essays that collectively celebrate her achievements and portray a personality too laden with excitement, curiosity and affection for one person.
Margulis is best known for her theory of symbiogenesis, first recognized as valid in the case of algal cells, whose chloroplasts were once free-living cyanobacteria, then in eukaryotic cells generally, where mitochondria were once free-living anaerobic bacteria. For Margulis the microbiologist, the cell, whether free-living or part of a larger organism, was the most important and interesting life form. An early symbiotic association of cells resulted in some cases in a merger of genomes and a whole new organism, as in the cases just mentioned. Such mergers have taken place in larger life forms and the race is now on to discover new cases, such as symbiogenesis in sea squirts, with the first laboratory-induced merger now apparently a fait accompli. Down the road lies insect metamorphosis as another potential merger (Onychophoran worm with early hexapod), not to mention other stumbling blocks to the Neo-Darwinist view of gradual evolution. If the process turns out to be as generally valid as Margulis believed, it becomes a major driver of evolution and Margulis becomes a second Darwin.
When the dust settles and genome acquisition is finally recognized as a full (if not fuller) partner with "descent with modification", scientists will wonder how anyone could have thought any differently. Schoolchildren staring at world maps in 200 years of classrooms have noted how the coastlines on opposite sides of the Atlantic match up rather neatly. Then came continental drift and the subterranean reaction: "We knew it all along."
The foregoing tale is told from as many different angles as there are parties to the festschrift. The first essay by son Dorion Sagan, accomplished writer and publisher, is disguised as an introduction. His mother's death triggers pondering on life after the exit, ponderings on her own early evolution with astronomer Carl Sagan, early images of Lynn in the family drawing room, from feelings of family on to the deposition of her ashes in Puffer's Pond, a favorite haunt near the family home in Amherst, Massachusetts.
Many notables crowd these pages, signs of the Margulis impact on a wide swath of science. There is Paleontologist Niles Eldridge recalling his talk on evolution at Amherst University, a talk suddenly interrupted by Margulis who declared he had given short shrift to the microbial world. Her passion startled him, as it once did the reviewer, one of Margulis' minor satellites. She gave a talk on genome acquisition to our Biology Department at the University of Western Ontario a few short years ago. If dropping jaws made any sound, you would have heard them as she sidelined the gradualism of neo-Darwinism, replacing it by fusion of disparate organisms. Evolution, she said, was not a tree but a network of anastomosing DNA.
Chapters of the nicely-sized book are set in motion by a charming tale of two early organisms that met one day in a primeval ocean. Spanish physicist and science writer Jorge Wagensberg describes how a sluggish large organism ingested -- but did not digest -- a nimble smaller one. Instead, the prey stayed as a guest, entering a symbiotic relationship with the host. The merger grew intimate to the point of genomic fusion, the nimble one now serving as main propulsion unit, its "tail" protruding from the wall of its new home like an oar. Of course, for this service it was fed regularly. Thus the origin of flagella.
Moselio Schaechter, past President of the American Microbiological Society, elaborates on that ancient encounter, pointing out that key constituents of all eukaryotic cells such as plastids and mitochondria also originated as house guests.
Schaechter describes Margulis' early attempts to publish her theory. It took a full ten years before the correctness of Margulis views (adapted from earlier biologists who merely suggested them without investigation) became widely accepted within the Biological Court of Opinion. Schaechter clearly admires what Margulis did, echoing Wagensberg's description of her as "Biology's greatest heroine".
Richard Dawkins, author of the Selfish Gene and a priest of neo-Darwinism, once described Margulis as "Attila the Hen". They got on well of course, Lynn being Lynn, but she gave no quarter in a debate with Dawkins at Oxford, as deftly described by Martin Brazier of Balliol College. The debate may have been a standoff, with Margulis hammering home the nails of symbiosis, Dawkins listening attentively, then politely suggesting that symbiogenesis, while doubtless real in a few isolated cases, was nevertheless peripheral to mainstream evolution theory.
Neo-Darwinians do not come off well in these chapters. Another Oxonian, physiologist Dennis Noble, deconstructs Sir James Crick's "central dogma" that DNA essentially runs everything, directing the entire organism from its central script. Noble stands the dogma on its head, pointing out that physiology reorganizes the genome according to its own script. Josh Mitteldorf, who builds mathematical models of evolutionary processes, lays out the history of the "dark age of evolutionary theory" starting nearly 200 years ago with R. A. Fisher's social Darwinism to extensive twentieth century debates on selfish genes versus altruistic ones. The discovery of genes for aging proved a stumbling block for the individual fitness school. Then came hox genes that operate on the genome itself, while conferring no immediate advantage on the individual organism.
All this time, the notion of symbiogenesis was creeping forward out of the "muds and slimes" that Margulis so loved. Communities of bacteria, she discovered, could evolve together in altruistic fashion. Her views of evolution embraced not only whole groups of organisms, but the planet itself as a self-regulating organism of sorts. Enter Gaia, a sadly misunderstood concept pioneered by James Lovelock while working alongside Carl Sagan at NASA's JPL laboratory. Margulis took up the Gaia concept enthusiastically, finding in it the ultimate expression of life writ large. Lovelock explains Gaia in a chapter entitled "Lynn". Bruce Clarke, who holds a chair in Science and Literature at Texas Tech, explains Gaia more fully, not as some wooly new age concept of an Earth goddess, but as a necessary melding together of geology and microbiology. We owe our early atmosphere to microbial systems.
There are too many chapters for the space of this review, including an excellent history of the concept of symbiogenesis as outlined by Jan Sapp, a biologist at York University. Other chapters are contributed by those who worked with Margulis, as well as former grad students, who not only appreciated her achievements but valued her as a friend, throwing a myriad of lights into odd corners of her complex-but-simple personality. A suite of fascinating photographs illuminates the middle of the book, early days and late.
As for the festschrift, thanks to all the details of her life and work, Lynn is also present at the gathering. .
To all interested in this book. Buy it, but buy anything but the Kindle format.
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