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Means of Ascent (The Years of Lyndon Johnson) Paperback – March 6, 1991
| Robert A. Caro (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
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Here, Johnson’s almost mythic personality—part genius, part behemoth, at once hotly emotional and icily calculating—is seen at its most nakedly ambitious. This multifaceted book carries the President-to-be from the aftermath of his devastating defeat in his 1941 campaign for the Senate-the despair it engendered in him, and the grueling test of his spirit that followed as political doors slammed shut-through his service in World War II (and his artful embellishment of his record) to the foundation of his fortune (and the actual facts behind the myth he created about it).
The culminating drama—the explosive heart of the book—is Caro’s illumination, based on extraordinarily detailed investigation, of one of the great political mysteries of the century. Having immersed himself in Johnson’s life and world, Caro is able to reveal the true story of the fiercely contested 1948 senatorial election, for years shrouded in rumor, which Johnson was not believed capable of winning, which he “had to” win or face certain political death, and which he did win-by 87 votes, the “87 votes that changed history.”
Telling that epic story “in riveting and eye-opening detail,” Caro returns to the American consciousness a magnificent lost hero. He focuses closely not only on Johnson, whom we see harnessing every last particle of his strategic brilliance and energy, but on Johnson’s “unbeatable” opponent, the beloved former Texas Governor Coke Stevenson, who embodied in his own life the myth of the cowboy knight and was himself a legend for his unfaltering integrity. And ultimately, as the political duel between the two men quickens—carrying with it all the confrontational and moral drama of the perfect Western—Caro makes us witness to a momentous turning point in American politics: the tragic last stand of the old politics versus the new—the politics of issue versus the politics of image, mass manipulation, money and electronic dazzle.
- Print length592 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherVintage
- Publication dateMarch 6, 1991
- Dimensions6.1 x 1.1 x 9.1 inches
- ISBN-10067973371X
- ISBN-13978-0679733713
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"Brilliant. No brief review does justice to the drama of the story Caro is telling, which is nothing less than how present-day politics was born." —Henry F. Graff, Professor of History, Columbia University
"Caro has a unique place among American political biographers. He has become, in many ways, the standard by which his fellows are measured. Caro's diligence [and] ambition are phenomenal . . . A remarkable story . . . Epic." —Mark Feeney, Boston Sunday Globe
"Immensely engrossing . . . Caro is an indefatigable investigative reporter and a skillful historian who can make the most abstract material come vibrantly to life. [He has a] marvelous ability to tell a story . . . His analysis of how power is used—to build highways and dams, to win elections, to get rich—is masterly." —Ronald Steel, The New York Times Book Review
"Caro has changed the art of political biography." —Nicholas von Hoffman
"A spellbinding, hypnotic journey into the political life and times of Lyndon Johnson. Riveting drama." —Jim Finley, Los Angeles Times
"The most compelling study of American political power and corruption since Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men . . . It is nothing less than a political epic, the definitive account of a watershed election, rich with all of the intrigue and drama that have become the stuff of legend. [It has] the suspense of a political thriller." —Steve Neal, Fort Worth Star Telegram
"Magnificent . . . Thunder and lightning rip through Mr. Caro's viscerally compelling work." —Thomas W. Hazlett, The Wall Street Journal
"A brilliant but disturbing book . . . A devastating study that warrants the broadest readership. He reminds us that Americans need to be vigilant in upholding their highest standards of ethics and good government." —Guy Halverson, The Chistian Science Monitor
"His research is dazzlingly exhaustive, his gripping story is enhanced by excellent writing, and his findings [seem] largely irrefutable. No one has done a better job of researching [the 1948 race] than Mr. Caro. He has produced a portrait not only of Lyndon Johnson, but also of the politics and values of mid-century America." —Philip Seib, Dallas Morning News
"Robert Caro gives us an LBJ who was human and then some, and what's enthralling is how this lucid, fascinating book keeps forcing us to confront the extreme contradictions of what (on good days) we call human nature. It's a testament to Robert Caro's skill that we find it so difficult to get a firm moral fix on Johnson. Caro is that rare biographer who seems intrigued by his subject but happily free from the urge to either heroicize, psychologize—or excoriate and punish." —Francine Prose, 7 Days
"Means of Ascent is a political biography, a detective story, a western and a character study. Above all, it is a richly textured, multilayered chronicle of a fundamental social and political change and how this change highlighted elements of Mr. Johnson's character: his powerful needs, tremendous ambition and particular genius." —Robert A. Kronley, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
"One can trust every detail. The sagaciousness and discretion of Caro's investigations are obvious from the start. The story of that election has all the excitement of a murder mystery in which the culprit is known, but the question is whether justice will triumph. Caro tells it with the same thriller instinct as the old novelists, yet with the passion for accuracy of the most exacting detective." —Denis Wadley, Minneapolis/St. Paul Star Tribune
"A great book, and I believe the completed biography will be the great book about American politics in the twentieth century. The story of the '48 election is remarkable, unique. If it weren't a cliche, I'd say it has Tolstoyan epic grandeur." —Robert K. Massie
"Riveting . . . Explosive . . . Readers are in for a white-knuckle, hair-raising tale that could have ended in any of a dozen ways, with L.B.J. in the White House the longest shot of all. This is good history. Caro's treatment achieves poetic intensity." —Paul Gray, Time
"Caro's writing summons a reviewer's cliches—gripping, compelling, absorbing, irresistible . . . unputdownable. The sentences sparkle. The details pile up in a mountain of evidence . . . Caro has at last set the record straight." —Richard Marius, Harvard Magazine
"Extraordinary and brilliant . . . Devastatingly persuasive . . . Caro's prodigious research, and his discovery of original sources ignored by other biographers, proves beyond doubt that much of what Johnson said about these years was false . . . The spadework combined with Caro's passion makes for drama more riveting than any novel." —Mark A. Gamin, Cleveland Plain Dealer
"Caro is the premier biographer of our time." —Bernard D. Nossiter, The Progressive
"No one understands Lyndon Baines Johnson without reading Robert A. Caro." —James F. Vesely, Sacramento Union
From the Inside Flap
From the Back Cover
About the Author
Caro’s first book, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York, everywhere acclaimed as a modern classic, was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century. It is, according to David Halberstam, “Surely the greatest book ever written about a city.” And The New York Times Book Review said: “In the future, the scholar who writes the history of American cities in the twentieth century will doubtless begin with this extraordinary effort.”
The first volume of The Years of Lyndon Johnson, The Path to Power, was cited by The Washington Post as “proof that we live in a great age of biography . . . [a book] of radiant excellence . . . Caro’s evocation of the Texas Hill Country, his elaboration of Johnson’s unsleeping ambition, his understanding of how politics actually work, are—let it be said flat out—at the summit of American historical writing.” Professor Henry F. Graff of Columbia University called the second volume, Means of Ascent, “brilliant. No review does justice to the drama of the story Caro is telling, which is nothing less than how present-day politics was born.” The London Times hailed volume three, Master of the Senate, as “a masterpiece . . . Robert Caro has written one of the truly great political biographies of the modern age.” The Passage of Power, volume four, has been called “Shakespearean . . . A breathtakingly dramatic story [told] with consummate artistry and ardor” (The New York Times) and “as absorbing as a political thriller . . . By writing the best presidential biography the country has ever seen, Caro has forever changed the way we think about, and read, American history” (NPR). On the cover of The New York Times Book Review, President Bill Clinton praised it as “Brilliant . . . Important . . . Remarkable. With this fascinating and meticulous account Robert Caro has once again done America a great service.”
“Caro has a unique place among American political biographers,” The Boston Globe said . . . “He has become, in many ways, the standard by which his fellows are measured.” And Nicholas von Hoffman wrote: “Caro has changed the art of political biography.”
Born and raised in New York City, Caro graduated from Princeton University, was later a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University, and worked for six years as an investigative reporter for Newsday. He lives in New York City with his wife, Ina, the historian and writer.
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Product details
- Publisher : Vintage; Reprint edition (March 6, 1991)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 592 pages
- ISBN-10 : 067973371X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0679733713
- Item Weight : 1.63 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.1 x 1.1 x 9.1 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #69,509 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #82 in General Elections & Political Process
- #317 in US Presidents
- #468 in Women in History
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author known for his celebrated biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson.
After working for many years as a reporter, Caro wrote The Power Broker (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses, which was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century. He has since written four of a planned five volumes of The Years of Lyndon Johnson (1982, 1990, 2002, 2012), a biography of the former president.
For his biographies, he has won two Pulitzer Prizes in Biography, the National Book Award, the Francis Parkman Prize (awarded by the Society of American Historians to the book that "best exemplifies the union of the historian and the artist"), two National Book Critics Circle Awards, the H.L. Mencken Award, the Carr P. Collins Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, the D.B. Hardeman Prize, and a Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Bio from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Photo by Larry D. Moore [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons.
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Volume 2 of the monumental biography covers LBJ' s career between his 2 Senate election campaigns in the 1940s. He lost in 1941 due to his inexperience. He got robbed of a victory that seemed certain. He came back to win in 1948, having learned his lesson. He stole a victory for himself this time.
In the meantime he continued as representative of his Texas district in the Congress, and he did some phony war 'service'. His 'combat experience' of one bombing raid as an observer earned him a Silver Star, which would be the seed of many a lovely legend.
It was a terrible time for him, those 7 years, without clear sight of his targets, which were the Senate and the Presidency. Both seemed unattainable. So he diverted some of his energies towards getting rich, successfully. He used his influence to buy a Texas radio station cheaply, and from there he built a profitable empire, with his wife as front.
But money alone didn't make him happy. The Truman presidency set him back in his outlook. He just couldn't weasel into the man's inner circle, as he had managed with Roosevelt.
The most remarkable aspect of his victorious 1948 senate campaign, apart from the theft of victory, was LBJ' s innovative use of a copter, the Flying Windmill. That had not been done before. Also, nobody had spent more money on a senate campaign up to then.
The book opens with a look at critical moments in 1965 when President LBJ pushed major civil rights legislation in front of and through the House. The civil rights movement did not quite trust him. His voting and speaking record had been entirely of the opposite brand. Can a man change like that?
And then the temporary ally of protests turned into the foe. He sent bombers and troops into Vietnam. Hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?
He acquired a record of lies. Deceiving the public about government activities became business as usual. The standing of the presidency was damaged.
The man achieved some good ends, but could do so only after applying dirty means. This volume of the biography has elements of farce and of white collar crime report. A political thriller and courtroom drama with slapstick elements.
P.S.
I knew nothing about this election fraud story, that darkened LBJ' s reputation, before I started reading Caro's work.
In volume 1, I was somewhat bothered by the author's insistent negativity about the man's character. In this volume 2, that stalking attitude continues. On top of it, we are served a hagiographical treatment of LBJ's losing 48 opponent, former Texas Governor Coke Stevenson. Much too good to be true.I googled Coke S and found a review of this book from New York Review of Books, which makes exactly this point. Caro doesn't give us a full picture of the man Stevenson, and he continues to point only the worst lights on LBJ.
Don't let this skeptical addendum demotivate you from reading the book. Just take a grain of salt with it.
After reading Path to Power and two out of the three other volumes, I can say that Caro has more than earned his reputation. I am reading this series in a very specific order. I started with Means of Ascent, Path to Power, Master of the Senate before finishing up with the Passage of Power. Doing it this way on many levels makes Path to Power easier to easier to understand in many ways. Coming out of Means of Ascent, one wonders without having read Path to Power, what would drive a man to such links as ballot box stuffing, etc. to win a Congressional race?
In Path to Power, we are introduced to the Johnson family bloodline and the twin problems of ambition and hubris that brought great harm to his family. This created an unquenchable thirst for power that would lead him to do anything to get it. While from a moral perspective, many of the things Lyndon Johnson is depicted as doing in this book are reprehensible, one at least achieves a level of understanding as to why he was so driven.
I would like to state that an understanding does not equate to condoning. LBJ comes across as a major jerk in this book (I’d say something else, but we have to keep it clean on Amazon). Between bullying men and treating his wife more like a servant and his seeming pleasure out of humiliating men who can be perceived as weaker than him either in class or position, LBJ is not particularly likeable. Sure, there are some bright spots such as teaching in the school to the poor Mexican-American children, but it just gets swamped under all the horrible stuff he did.
Caro’s gift really comes out in the fact that one gets a broader view beyond Lyndon Johnson. The reader gets these in depth portraits of the Browns, Lady Bird Johnson, Sam Johnson just to name a few. A lot of biography writers treat their subjects as these larger than life characters and certainly Lyndon Johnson gets the typical biography subject treatment. However, I have never seen an author go to such trouble to draw out these other characters, so that the reader can understand or wonder what they were thinking about and their role in Lyndon Johnson’s rise.
The Path to Power is 700+ pages well spent.
And can you love him any less in the next book? Who is this biographer that has such a world visionbto paint his subject in such strong unflinching shades. Caro is as great. - almost - as LBJ. LBJ is great from helicopter to rio grande river valley cheap politics. This is agripping story of big texan characters
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I believe that Caro added an introduction where he recounts LBJ's conversion to civil rights to remind the reader that he did do some good as this book provides no redeeming features to a corrupt distasteful character.
Despite his tub thumbing attitude regarding `serving with the boys' in the coming war, he tried to wrangle out active service and managed to serve on the front line in California, partying and continuing one of his affairs whilst his wife worried about where he was. His one day as an observer on a bombing raid amazingly led to an award of a medal by MacArthur, who no doubt was trying to curry favour with one of Roosevelt's favourite congressman (the pilot et. al. did not win anything!). In later life LBJ elaborated this one day into a distinguish war time career. Through his long-suffering wife he built a radio business through abusing his government contacts and influence, but the focus of the book was his senate race against Coke Stevenson.
Carro depicts Coke Stevenson as the ideal cowboy all American/Texas hero. Although you know the outcome you cannot help rooting for this fellow. LBJ eventually won through throwing the money at the campaign which was funded through the Texas business interests he had garnered massive public sector contracts during the New Deal. When this did not work he won through blatant outright corruption.
Coke did try to fight the outcome through the courts but failed. As Carro used the introduction to remind us of some good LBJ did, I was relieved that he did relate what eventually happened to Coke which was a sort of happy ending.
LBJ's story is Shakespearian in its depth and I don't know why Hollywood has not made a film about this? Possibly it does not show American democracy in particularly good light!
Readers of other volumes of this biography - I have read volumes 4 and 1 - will know what to expect. Painstaking research over many years; and flowing narrative; convincing judgements about Johnson, good and bad. And much to give the reader pause for thought.
If I feel just slightly less enthusiastic about this volume it is because ultimately not quite enough happens. The first part of the book documents Johnson's record in the war years and his becoming a millionaire. The second part his race for the Senate in 1948. Having lost in 1941 through corrupt practices, this time he exploits corrupt practices to make sure he wins - going the extra mile in corruption as necessary to achieve his goal.
As with other volumes, this book doesn't just tell us about Johnson. I found particularly rewarding the story of Coke Stevenson, Johnson's opponent in the 1948 race and the true victor of it, a genuinely heroic figure for whose 'happy ending' I felt very grateful. And at one point Robert Hamer, who comes out of retirement briefly to help Coke Stevenson try to prove electoral fraud. He has been wounded 17 times in his life as a Texas lawman, and twice left for dead. He has also killed 53 men. And in his later 60s still clearly much large than life - and much larger than John Wayne.
I look forward to reading volume 3.




