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Mental Traps: The Overthinker's Guide to a Happier Life Paperback – International Edition, July 31, 2007
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Ever find yourself putting off even relatively minor tasks because of the many other little jobs that you’d have to tackle first? Or spending far too much time worrying about things you can’t change? Or living for the future, not for today? Truth is, we all do — and we all recognize that sometimes our ways of thinking just aren’t productive. When it comes to our daily lives, we often laugh off habits like procrastination as being human nature and just resolve to approach things differently next time. Or, when the issues facing us are enormous or traumatic, we might recognize that we’re dwelling on our problems, or otherwise spending our time on fruitless thinking, but have no idea how to get out of that miserable rut. Either way, it takes up a lot of our mental energy.
But as André Kukla makes clear in Mental Traps, what we don’t recognize — or at least admit to ourselves! — is how thinking unproductively about even the smallest elements of everyday life can mount up and keep us from being happy, from living life to the fullest. For what appear to be minor lapses are actually “habitual modes of thinking that disturb our ease, waste enormous amounts of our time, and deplete our energy without accomplishing anything of value for us or anyone else.” So whether we’re dealing with how to attain our major career goals or deciding when to serve the salad course at dinnertime, the end results can be much the same: readily identifiable patterns of wasteful thinking. These, in Kukla’s view, are the mental traps.
In his introduction, Kukla compares his method to that of naturalist’s guides, which take a very matter-of-fact approach to providing practical information. He then outlines eleven common mental traps, such as persistence, fixation, acceleration, procrastination and regulation. Devoting a chapter to each, he provides simple examples to help us to identify mental traps in our own thinking — and to recognize why it would be beneficial to change our ways. Our anxiety, our dissatisfaction, our disappointment — these are often the consequences of thinking about the world the wrong way. And it’s in the parallels he draws between the major and minor events of our lives that he truly brings his point home: How is refusing to eat olives like toiling at a job that has long ago lost all satisfaction? How is arriving at the airport too early a symptom of a life never fully lived? Again, what can seem to be a very inconsequential habit can actually signal bigger, more detrimental problems in our ways of thinking.
Kukla’s goal — one that we should share, in the end — is to help us realize how much more enjoyable our lives would be if we were a little more attentive to our thought processes. Just as Buddhism, from which the author has drawn many of his ideas, teaches that we should perform all of our acts mindfully, Kukla suggests that we make a conscious effort to step back, clear our minds, and simply observe how our thoughts develop. By doing so, we will begin to recognize unproductive patterns in our own thinking, and then we can try to avoid them. Ultimately, Kukla hopes that Mental Trapswill help readers move towards what he calls a “liberated consciousness” — a state in which we no longer allow mental traps to inhibit our experiences. From having more energy to being able to act impulsively, we’d realize the benefits of living in the moment and feel truly free.
- Print length256 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherAnchor Canada
- Publication dateJuly 31, 2007
- Dimensions4.65 x 0.66 x 7.25 inches
- ISBN-100385662505
- ISBN-13978-0385662505
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Editorial Reviews
Review
— Jamie Whyte, author of Crimes Against Logic
“While it may be unlikely that any single person will have fallen into all mental traps so cunningly described by André Kukla in this exhilarating book, it is absolutely certain that every person will have fallen into some of them. That’s why it will ring loud bells and switch on bright lights in the minds of all who read it. Which means, of course, that everyone ought to.”
— Richard Holloway, Bishop of Edinburgh, author of Godless Morality
“Ever looked TWICE for your lost keys in an EMPTY bowl? Returned more than once to check you’d locked the door? Ever spoiled a moment by niggling with your partner over trivia? Ever been unable to get yourself to do something you really know you should? EVER LOST OUT because you couldn’t decide between two great lovers, or two great investments? OF COURSE YOU HAVE! André Kukla shows us how to think about these Mental Traps. If you want out of the big sandtraps and onto the green, read his book. KUKLA IS RIGHT! We could all be bopping along much more comfortably towards our goals. His nice, clear, straightforward examples steer us past the trap horizons. He helps us out of dark mental ditches into which we have fallen. His stories give us insights we need to talk about to those who know us INTIMATELY — or over the watercooler, in the coffeehouse, or at our bookclub.”
— John M. Kennedy, FRSC
About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
The word “value” here, and throughout this book, refers to whatever seems worthwhile to us. This book is not a moral tract. It doesn’t take the side of useful work against recreation, or social involvement against self-indulgence. If we’re content to watch television all day, then this activity will not be counted here as a waste of time. Watching television has value for us.
The fact remains that we often exhaust ourselves in troublesome pursuits that don’t in any way further the actualization of our very own values, whatever they may happen to be. These useless pursuits are the mental traps. Mental traps keep us from enjoying television as readily as they keep us from serious work. They are absolute wastes of time.
Mental traps are identified not by the content of our ideas but by their form. Any aspect of daily life – household chores, weekend recreation, careers, relationships – may be thought about either productively or unproductively. We fall into the same traps when we wash the dishes as when we contemplate marriage or divorce. It’s not the subject of our thinking, but how we deal with the subject, that makes the difference. When we rid ourselves of any one trap, we find that our problems in every department of life are simultaneously eased.
We build unproductive structures of thought on every conceivable timescale. One and the same mental trap may hold us in its sway for a fleeting moment or for a lifetime. And the momentary traps are just as pernicious as the lifelong traps. Because of their brevity, the mere moments of wasted time and energy are especially difficult to grasp and correct. They’re over and done with before we’re aware of what we’re doing. The result is that they’re fallen into with monumental frequency. It’s doubtful that the average twenty-first-century urban adult is altogether free of them for more than a few minutes at a time. By the end of the day, the cumulative effect of these brief episodes may be an entirely unaccountable exhaustion.
The basic idea underlying mental traps was concisely expressed a few thousand years ago:
To everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under Heaven.
When we deviate from this profound advice – when we begin at the wrong time, proceed at the wrong pace, quit too soon or too late – we fall short of what we might otherwise accomplish.
Again, there’s no attempt here to prescribe the content of our activities. To everything there is a season. Both the enjoyment of good food and the scramble up the ladder of success may be legitimate parts of our life. But if we try to advance our career while we’re eating dinner, we ruin our digestion–and we can’t really do good work as we pass the salt and slurp the soup. Neither of our values is well served. Given the same values, we could make far better use of our time and resources.
Our lapses from doing the best thing at the best time and in the best way fall into recurrent and readily identifiable patterns. These are the mental traps.
If mental traps are injurious to us, why do we fall into them? Why don’t we simply quit? There are three reasons. First, we’re often unaware of what we’re thinking. Second, even when we are aware of our thoughts, we often don’t recognize their injurious nature. Third, even when we recognize their injurious nature, we often can’t quit because of the force of habit.
If the thinking that goes on when we’re trapped remains below the level of consciousness, we can’t even begin to change it. We can’t choose to stop doing what we’re not aware of doing in the first place. If we didn’t know that we wore clothes, it would never occur to us to take them off, even if we felt too hot. By the same token, when we don’t know that we’re thinking unproductive thoughts, the option of stopping doesn’t present itself.
The idea that we can be unaware of our own thoughts may strike us as paradoxical, for we tend to equate consciousness with thinking itself. But the two are by no means identical processes. We may be exquisitely conscious of the taste of an exotic fruit or the feel of an orgasm without having a thought in our head. And we may be filled to overflowing with an unbroken stream of ideas without noticing a single one. The following mental experiment will convince us of this important point.
When we aren’t occupied with any definite business or pleasure, our thoughts often wander from one topic to another on the basis of the flimsiest associations. This experiment can be conducted only when we happen to catch ourselves in the midst of such wanderings. For those who don’t fall asleep quickly, the time spent lying awake in bed is especially rich in this material. As soon as we catch ourselves wandering, we can begin a backward reconstruction of the sequence of ideas that led us to where we are. If we were thinking about the beauty of Paris, we may recall that this was preceded by a thought about a friend who has just returned from there. The idea of the friend’s return may have come from the recollection that this person owes us money, which may in turn have come from ruminations about our financial difficulties, which may have been elicited by the idea that we would like to buy a new car.
Product details
- Publisher : Anchor Canada; Reprint edition (July 31, 2007)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0385662505
- ISBN-13 : 978-0385662505
- Item Weight : 7.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 4.65 x 0.66 x 7.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,150,442 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,367 in Popular Applied Psychology
- #10,138 in Happiness Self-Help
- #21,984 in Personal Transformation Self-Help
- Customer Reviews:
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About the author

I was born in Belgium in 1942, an inauspicious location in space-time to begin a life. I made it through the war, only to be moved in 1950 to Brooklyn, where gentrification was decades away. Going by the name of Andr' perceptibly diminished my chances for survival on the gladiatoral field of the schoolyard---I might as well have been called Romeo. So I did everything I could to change my name to Andy. Now 'Andy Kukla' is a fine name for a standup comedian or a rodeo clown, but it isn't suitable for the august, professorial persona that I was destined to adopt. Yet the new name became so entrenched'on driver's licenses, social security cards, etc.'that I was well into my thirties before the return to Andr' could be engineered.
I was moved Los Angeles when I was 13, and lived there until the age of 28. For better and for worse, LA feels like my home town. The LA period of my life was broken up in 1965-66 by a seminal year in Berkeley during which I became an anarchist, a Buddhist, a druggie, an anti-Vietnam-war protester, and an advocate for the rights of schizophrenics to their own version of reality. I also stopped getting haircuts. In other words, I was a stereotypical member of my generation.
Both before and after the year in Berkeley, I attended UCLA. I was unable to settle on a major, and ended up getting a BA in mathematics, an MA in philosophy, and a PhD in psychology. If there were a fourth degree to obtain, I'm sure I would have gotten it in yet another field. I've been on the facultty of the Psychology Department at the University of Toronto simce 1970. I'm also cross-appointed to the Philosophy Department. I don't attach much importance to the distinction between philosophy and psychology: most of the questions that grab my attention belong to the fuzzy boundary between them. Looking back over several decades of work, it seems that the issues that I've worked on the most have to do with the scope and limits of rationality.
Freud said that the only things that really matter in life are 'Liebe und Arbeit'love and work. I've said a few words about my Arbeit; what about my Liebe? My Liebe is Kaila, who is, in ascending order of importance, a writer,a yoga teacher, a healer, and a devotee of the goddess Tara. It's a mystery to me why this strong, beautiful, and talented woman has consented to be my partner on life's journey. But if she hadn't done so, I would probably be dead.
I have two precocious and adorable daughters. Rebecca, the older one, is also a philosopher. She's married to Richard Manning, who is yet another philosopher. They have a son'Eli Kukla-Manning, my grandson, constructed entirely out of philosophers. The grandson, Eli K-M, is not to be confused with Eli Kukla tout court, who is my younger daughter. This Eli has just been ordained as a rabbi. Going by the Library of Congress classification system, the whole family gets shelved together under category B'Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion'.
Freud notwithstanding, there is a third dimension of life that's almost as important as love and work. I'm talking about location. Three places loom large in my affections. One is Toronto, a bastion of culture, intelligence, and liberality, and home to a multitude of delicious, cheap ethnic restaurants (if only the winters weren't so long!) Another special spot is the Big Island of Hawaii, where it was our fortunate fate to manifest a hand-built house in the Tolkienesque village of Volcano'we've spent many magical summers and sabbaticals there, immersed in a lush rain forest and surrrounded by old friends. Finally there's India, Kaila's spiritual home and everybody's ultimate travel adventure. A major unsolved problem of our life is how to spend 6 months a year in each of our three special places.
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A couple of examples:
* Persistence - we get locked-in to tasks that, quite obviously, are "going nowhere" and yet we over-commit, won't see or admit the futility of more effort, and so persist with no reasonable chance of completion or enjoyment.
* Amplification - we expand the activity to fill the available time, or to avoid taking the next step in a process - more research is done, more information gathered, more assurance is sought, but to not avail except stalling.
The book is plainly written, a pleasant read, and very topical for most of us. With each chapter it is likely the reader will wince in recognition and vow to do better - fortunately André gives good advice on exactly how to avoid or overcome these mental traps. The bottom line is that most of us are prone to foolishness or stupidity in our thought processes, but if the thinking that goes on when we're trapped remains below the level of consciousness, we can't even begin to change it. This book is a guide to a more productive form of self-analysis than most psycho-therapy is ever likely to provide.
The book doesn't discuss "tips/strategies" for dealing with mental traps, for doing so would have defeated the very purpose of writing it. The point is not to treat ourselves as automaton that is fed a set of prescriptive rules, which, if followed, supposedly would liberate us from mental traps. Toward the end of the book, there is a chapter on why such a prescription would, in fact, lead us into mental traps and not away from them. I won't spoil the fun. You will have to read the book yourself to know what I mean.
This book has the potential to change lives radically. All in all, a must read.
Having finished the book, I hated it some more by packing it along this Chrismas vacation. Loaded down with many of the mental traps illustrated in this book, I finally made time this Christmas holiday to re-read the work, but this time with my pen and paper nearby. Sure, Kukla has a light hearted approach to his writing, and it is easy to read, but his meaning is idea-dense and exceptionally easy - both at the same time.
But, taking the time to write down a few things, the meaning was there, and then my "formulation" of what was meant, was sadly gone. This is a seductively easy read, there is more than a hint of meaning, followed by considerable time making sense of the work. I have found the appendix to be exceptionally useful, but do not jump to it first. The reading prioir is essential. There are no short cuts to this.
I hate this book so much, I am going to re-read it again before school starts. There is considerable information in the first two-thirds that I will employ in my classroom. The mental traps should be made aware to anyone with an academic leaning. But this is simply the immense utility of the work. The message is only clear at the end.
In passing, I must also relate that I have a much better understanding of the Martial Arts dictum, "no mind". There is much mystery in the Martial Arts, and at this moment in time, I am rather convinced that this book is an excellent flashlight, and will help in my search there too. And continuing with the metaphor, Kukla may use a black light to help me show the way. I might make this book "mandatory" reading for my Martial Arts instruction as well.
This book is certainly one that belongs on your top shelf of works. There will be very few of these books in yardsales, or used book shops.
Just to give you a taste of whats in store, one of the many useful mental traps enlisted in the book is "Amplification". The metaphor is "Killing a fly with a Sledge hammer". Which is putting in extra effort than what is required to get a job done.
Towards the last chapters you are being introduced to "Thought watching", which enable you to identify and dodge the pitfalls of your own consciousness. Overall this is a good read with outspoken examples which makes it both educational and entertaining.
Top reviews from other countries
Gets to the bottom of each trap while keeping a neutral point-of-view; does not preach values but pushes the reader to simply _notice_ when caught in a trap. Concludes with tricks (meditation!) as a way to free up our minds from the traps.


