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Mindscan Paperback – December 6, 2011
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Hugo Award-winning author Robert J. Sawyer is back with Mindscan, a pulse-pounding, mind-expanding standalone novel, rich with his signature philosophical and ethical speculations, all grounded in cutting-edge science.
Jake Sullivan has cheated death: he's discarded his doomed biological body and copied his consciousness into an android form. The new Jake soon finds love, something that eluded him when he was encased in flesh: he falls for the android version of Karen, a woman rediscovering all the joys of life now that she's no longer constrained by a worn-out body either.
But suddenly Karen's son sues her, claiming that by uploading into an immortal body, she has done him out of his inheritance. Even worse, the original version of Jake, consigned to die on the far side of the moon, has taken hostages there, demanding the return of his rights of personhood. In the courtroom and on the lunar surface, the future of uploaded humanity hangs in the balance.
Mindscan is vintage Sawyer -- a feast for the mind and the heart.
- Print length304 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherTor Books
- Publication dateDecember 6, 2011
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.68 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-100765329905
- ISBN-13978-0765329905
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Sawyer lucidly explores fascinating philosophical conundrums.” ―Entertainment Weekly
“A tale involving courtroom drama, powerful human emotion and challenging SF mystery. Sawyer juggles it all with intelligence and far-reaching vision worthy of Isaac Asimov.” ―Starlog
“Sawyer deftly examines what a future might be like in two neighboring countries that have become polar opposites. And he focuses on the legal and moral ramifications involved in various definitions of humanity in an intriguing and stylistically fine story. Grade: A.” ―Rocky Mountain News
"“Sawyer's most ambitious work to date; a brilliant and innovative novel that positively sings with humor, insight, and depth.” ―SF Site
“With his customary flair for combining hard science with first-rate storytelling, Sawyer imagines a future of all-too-real possibilities.” ―Library Journal
“This tightly plotted hard-SF novel offers plenty of philosophical speculation on the ethics of bio-technology and the nature of consciousness.” ―Publishers Weekly
“A delightful read that grips the reader with engaging characters and cosmic ideas.” ―Winnipeg Free Press"
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Tor Books; First edition (December 6, 2011)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0765329905
- ISBN-13 : 978-0765329905
- Item Weight : 12.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.68 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,039,436 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #5,714 in Cyberpunk Science Fiction (Books)
- #87,724 in Literary Fiction (Books)
- #88,823 in American Literature (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Robert J. Sawyer is one of only eight writers ever to win all three of the world’s top awards for best science-fiction novel of the year: the Hugo, the Nebula, and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award. He has also won the Robert A. Heinlein Award, the Edward E. Smith Memorial Award, and the Hal Clement Memorial Award; the top SF awards in China, Japan, France, and Spain; and a record-setting sixteen Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy Awards (“Auroras”).
Rob’s novel FlashForward was the basis for the ABC TV series of the same name, and he was a scriptwriter for that program. He also scripted the two-part finale for the popular web series Star Trek Continues.
He is a Member of the Order of Canada, the highest honor bestowed by the Canadian government, as well as the Order of Ontario, the highest honor given by his home province; he was also one of the initial inductees into the Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.
Rob lives just outside Toronto.His website and blog are at sfwriter.com, and on Facebook, Twitter, and Patreon he’s RobertJSawyer.
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The idea behind MINDSCAN is one Sawyer will repeat in his 2013 novel Red Planet Blues : the transplantation of minds into artificial bodies. Perhaps many people approaching my age (60) will recall an age when many believed there was no way we could ever scan music, or art, with fidelity...are we really so far from an era in which memory and other functions of the human mind can be reproduced in synthetic form?
I'll leave the mechanics of the transfer to the author, but consider this: if you transfer a mind into an artificial form (giving you the chance to update it periodically), what you have is a human being's best chance at immortality.
What's great about "Mindscan" is that Sawyer's decision to downplay the science and concentrate upon the ethical nature of the transfer. The whole rationale for such a procedure--and the completion of it--take about five percent of the book. What's left is the "human" side of the process: how would people react to such a thing? How would your friends, your family, and others react to you?
THAT's what I love about Sawyer's books: he takes science and looks at the way it affects people. He has a way of making science both understanding and provocative, and his stories are always well explained and very believable. They're about IDEAS, and his real talent is creating a scenario that lets them play out in the most interesting manner. I haven't encountered a Sawyer novel I haven't loved.
Here, he creates two important characters who supply the novel with its best expression. The narrator is Jake Sullivan, a wealthy young man who has been living under a continual death sentence in that the blood vessels in his brain are extremely fragile and prone to bursting. If that's not horrible enough, the outcome will probably leave him--as it did his father--into a man who lives in a vegetative state, unable to interact with others for as long as his body survives. And there's Karen, too, an 80-ish woman who has created a "Harry Potter" like creation into a multi-million dollar inheritance, but her advanced age gives her everything but a future.
So, yes, they transfer. But it's what happens to them afterward that drives the novel. Once they are in their new forms--their synthetic, almost immortal forms--their romance takes off, and life seems to be looking up. Problem solved...right? But it's never that easy: not only do their former friends reject them in their new forms, but for Karen the problem is compounded legally: her son wants his inheritance, and his contention is legally sound...his mother is no longer "alive" and therefore he is pushing to have her estate go into probate, and be divided up as her will dictated.
And here, Sawyer excels, too: he is able to make the legal battle that follows be of the utmost interest and importance, a floor for the real debate this book creates: what is "LIFE"? Is a person whose consciousness transfers "alive"? Does she or he have rights? And isn't this what makes great sci-fi, after all: the investigation of life's great ideas?
There's more to MINDSCAN I haven't even touched on. Everyone undergoing this transfer process agrees beforehand that their still-surviving biological body and mind are to be sent to a splendid facility upon the dark side of the moon. It's usually not a very big issue, as most people who undergo this transfer are at their most "senior" stages of life, and their time left is typically brief. The moon facility sees to their every whim as best they can--and in the reduced gravity their aches and pains are usually greatly diminished.
But it's not enough for the "other" Jake--the "skin," as they're called. He has DECADES left, and he wants to battle the legality of THAT decision, too.
Luckily for us, this is another area in which Sawyer shines--like so many other authors who make legal battles their bread and butter, he really seems to enjoy the work. (Another of his books to do this is Illegal Alien --the story of a murder trial in which a visiting alien is on trial.) Sawyer genuinely seems to love the controversy, and his writing skill is more than a match for what is to follow. Like with a musician playing his instrument, Sawyer's interest seems to lie in letting the case find its most essential elements and letting them play out, taking us along for the ride. I don't think it's a spoiler to say that what I liked best was that the case did not wrap up nice and neatly, all in a pretty bow, but left us to see the most important aspects and decide for ourselves.
I loved MINDSCAN. Like his other great novels ( Calculating God , Flashforward , Rollback , Triggers ) he has a genuine talent and zeal for probing the most telling aspects of his subjects, and letting them take full form. I have read more than a half-dozen of his novels, and I am pleased to say many more await me...I can't wait to see what lies ahead.
This one is about consciousness. What, after all, is consciousness? And what relationship does it have to personal identity? If a person has his entire brain pattern copied into a synthetic body, and does all the paperwork to establish that he wants the uploaded mindscan to be considered the real person, and makes humane provisions for the "shed skin" to live out its life in luxurious comfort, shouldn't that decision be considered legal?
Well, one important aspect of this depends on who is deciding what it legal. In a United States that has elected Christian conservatives, and has seen the Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade, a legal battle over personhood was probably inevitable. This is especially true because the mindscan technology, still very new, is very expensive. Only rich people can do it, and the last will and testament of a rich person matters a great deal. Set up for a fascinating courtroom drama.
But by no means all the drama is in the courtroom in Michigan. Another part of the drama takes place on the far side of the moon, where Immortex, the company that developed the mindscan process, has located its luxury retirement home for shed skins. The idea was that the old Jake or Karen and the new ones should have no contact whatsoever, for a variety of sound reasons. But Karen's extremely wealthy due to the success of her novels, and her son wants to probate her will. He wasn't even supposed to know when the old Karen died, but we all know that wealthy people can often find someone to break the rules on their behalf if the bribe is large enough.
I won't even say it was because Karen's son is greedy, although I'm sure that's a factor. He seems to sincerely reject the idea that his mother has been transferred to a durable synthetic body. He sees the body as a robot, a fake, a fraud. Perhaps even a blasphemy.
Because I am a retired legal secretary, and was a philosophy major in college, I tend to appreciate the courtroom drama more than any other aspect of the story. But there is a great deal more, especially when the original Jake discovers that his inherited disease can be cured. He'd been scanned on the assumption that it was not only incurable, but likely to lead to a relatively early death. Even though it's not the same disease, I couldn't help thinking about Woody and Arlo Guthrie. Jake's father is in a persistent vegetative state due to the disease, and of course Jake fears the same fate. But once his defect is cured, he wants to go back to earth and take up the life he left behind. Problem is, the mindscan version is there, living his life and moving on.
Beautifully complex story with heavy philosophical and social questions that we probably will have to face one day. That's one of the things science fiction has long been good for: giving us a chance to ponder questions before they become urgent. The very best science fiction writers have always been challenging their readers in this way. Sawyer not only continues the tradition, he has developed it in ways that were not possible in the previous century.
Long live Robert J. Sawyer!
Top reviews from other countries
What drives people to take this extreme step? The two protagonists make this choice for different reasons. Karen Bessarian, a highly successful writer in her eighties, doesn't accept the fast approaching end of her life. She has more books to write and life to enjoy, so she chooses a younger body. Jake, the rich forty-something heir to a Canadian brewery, carries his father's genetic marker for a brain defect. The older Sullivan collapsed into a vegetative state after a row between father and son when Jake was 17. Jake had put his life on hold to avoid stress and other triggers for brain damage. Meeting at a sales event for the Mindscan technology, Karen and Jake develop their relationship in different ways - as biological selves and as mind "instantiations" with new perfect bodies.
Once the "uploads" have passed their first examinations they are let loose on their family and community with varying results. Tongue in cheek, Sawyer cannot resist some small political stabs contrasting US society at the time [as projected from present conditions] with an increasingly broadminded and left-leaning Canadian one. Jake doesn't fare well as an uploaded new self. His mother refuses to accept his new identity, his love doesn't even look at him. Sawyer presents a realistic scenario for his exploration of the reaction of the "loved ones" resulting in most of the story playing out in and around a US court room. Karen's son, expecting a rich inheritance, challenges the "thing" that has taken over from her. "I don't care whether copied consciousnesses are in fact persons in their own right. The issue is whether they are the same person as the original." His lawyer, of course, argues that "it" is not and brings various scientists as witnesses. The other side also has ample expertise on its side and a lot riding on success.
Sawyer has created an intriguing speculative fiction world some 40 years hence where mind scans are possible. In his version of 2045, the technology for cloning humans has not been mastered. Instead, the brain is copied - completely and accurately - in a moment of "quantal entanglement" of the biological brain. The process creates a quantum fog that congeals into one artificial replacement brain. The new "you" takes over from that point. To avoid the problems of sudden doubles or clones, the original, now a "shed skin", has to disappear. Conveniently, lunar explorations have advanced so that a retirement home can provide for the cast-offs - most of whom are old and expect to die within a short span of time anyway. They are mostly rich and content with their lot. Given the costs involved in the whole process, overcrowding is not a problem and any luxury desired can be provided. However, Jake is not finished with earth life yet...
The subject of consciousness and individual self is not a new one for Sawyer. This time, though, he has expanded the complexities beyond what he did, for example, in Factoring Humanity. Using the present-day hot debates around new findings in brain research and the challenges they pose to our understanding of human individuality and functioning into the near future, he confronts our perceptions and belief systems. This opens a new dimension for the philosophical/scientific debate on human consciousness and identity. Professionals as well as interested laypersons grapple with the dividing line between neuron pathways as a result of biochemical reactions and brain functions as expression of thought, argument or emotion, the "soul".
Mindscan, while deeply philosophical, is an absorbing, well written and highly enjoyable story. Current scientific research and its impact on our future societies are front and centre of this novel, yet, it doesn't overwhelm the reader and moves easily along with the narrative's flow. Sawyer has created a complex and very human tale of individuals thriving for their own, unique, personally fulfilling lives. Star Trek: TNG's Data, who always thrives to become more human, would find good role models in the android versions of Karen and Jake.
[Friederike Knabe]
The characters are realistic and the courtroom scenes are very well written. Will recommend this book to anybody who is interested in consciousness studies.


