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Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace: The Private Diary of a Victorian Lady Hardcover – June 19, 2012
| Kate Summerscale (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
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"I think people marry far too much; it is such a lottery, and for a poor woman--bodily and morally the husband's slave--a very doubtful happiness." -Queen Victoria to her recently married daughter Vicky
Headstrong, high-spirited, and already widowed, Isabella Walker became Mrs. Henry Robinson at age 31 in 1844. Her first husband had died suddenly, leaving his estate to a son from a previous marriage, so she inherited nothing. A successful civil engineer, Henry moved them, by then with two sons, to Edinburgh's elegant society in 1850. But Henry traveled often and was cold and remote when home, leaving Isabella to her fantasies.
No doubt thousands of Victorian women faced the same circumstances, but Isabella chose to record her innermost thoughts-and especially her infatuation with a married Dr. Edward Lane-in her diary. Over five years the entries mounted-passionate, sensual, suggestive. One fateful day in 1858 Henry chanced on the diary and, broaching its privacy, read Isabella's intimate entries. Aghast at his wife's perceived infidelity, Henry petitioned for divorce on the grounds of adultery. Until that year, divorce had been illegal in England, the marital bond being a cornerstone of English life. Their trial would be a cause celebre, threatening the foundations of Victorian society with the specter of "a new and disturbing figure: a middle class wife who was restless, unhappy, avid for arousal." Her diary, read in court, was as explosive as Flaubert's Madame Bovary, just published in France but considered too scandalous to be translated into English until the 1880s.
As she accomplished in her award-winning and bestselling The Suspicions of Mr. Whicher, Kate Summerscale brilliantly recreates the Victorian world, chronicling in exquisite and compelling detail the life of Isabella Robinson, wherein the longings of a frustrated wife collided with a society clinging to rigid ideas about sanity, the boundaries of privacy, the institution of marriage, and female sexuality.
- Print length320 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBloomsbury USA
- Publication dateJune 19, 2012
- Dimensions5.73 x 1.24 x 8.39 inches
- ISBN-109781608199136
- ISBN-13978-1608199136
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“This is the golden age of narrative nonfiction, and Summerscale does it better than just about anyone.” ―Laura Miller of Salon.com on NPR's "Weekend Edition Sunday"
“You'll find Fifty Shades of Grey on beaches everywhere... but the story of Mrs. Robinson deserves a place on summer reading lists. She is pretty hot stuff.” ―The Boston Globe
“Summerscale unspools the Robinsons' tale with flair in Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace, but it's her social history of marriage that's really riveting. Grade: A” ―Tina Jordan, Entertainment Weekly
“[Kate Summerscale] prods, scrutinizes and examines, employing a real-life historical episode to shed light on Victorian morality and sensibilities . . . The end of the court case is surprising, and to give it away would be an insult to Summerscale's cleverly constructed narrative. But she stresses that one thing is clear: the diary ‘may not tell us, for certain, what happened in Isabella's life, but it tells us what she wanted.'” ―Andrea Wulf, The New York Times Book Review
“Kate Summerscale--perfectly at home in the 19th century, as evidenced in 2008's The Suspicions of Mr. Whicher, her grisly but addictively readable tale of an 1860 murder investigation--blends cultural history with all the elements of a doomed love story in her tale of a real-life Madame Bovary . . . Isabella emerges, regardless of the verdict, as the most fascinating of characters, her pride not trampled in the face of a defense that called for her to proclaim herself a sex maniac rather than an adulterer. Not much of a choice, but she still came out on top.” ―Jordan Foster, NPR.org
“Summerscale engages with her material in such a psychologically rich manner, an added bonus feature, as it were, given that the original story is already so fascinating in itself . . . Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace is a glorious evocation of both one woman's inner world, her hopes, dreams, disappointments and desires, and her outer one in the form of the painstakingly researched Victorian world she inhabits where a multitude of new ideas are threatening traditional conventional values . . . [A] captivating read which will surely catapult its heroine into the same limelight as her detective predecessor.” ―Lucy Scholes, The Daily Beast
“Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace is far more than the account of a failed marriage and its aftermath--or even the story of a torrid affair, imaginary or otherwise. In the manner of her prize-winning The Suspicions of Mr Whicher, Kate Summerscale takes the records and reports of the court case and treats them like a detective story, skillfully building up the suspense and using the interstices in her main narrative--when the judges retire to consider their verdict, for instance--to digress into the highways and byways of Victorian life.” ―Virginia Rounding, Financial Times
“[Isabella Robinson's] is a sad story, but Summerscale tells it with sympathy and understanding. She sees Isabella as a British Madame Bovary, whose story Gustave Flaubert was setting down in his great novel even as Isabella's story was unfolding. She also sees Isabella as a transitional figure in women's slow and difficult progress from repression and exploitation to the liberation that in time emerged. The evidence Summerscale presents suggests that this is a fair interpretation.” ―Jonathan Yardley, The Washington Post
“This nonfiction account of the divorce of Isabella and Henry Robinson in 1858 is an elegantly rendered portrait of marriage, class and hypocrisy in Victorian Britain.” ―Cynthia Crossen, WSJ.com's "Dear Book Lover" blog
“With intelligence and graceful prose, Summerscale gives an intimate and surprising look into Victorian life.” ―Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace tells us far more than the story of one reckless woman born before her time. It navigates the cloudy waters of marital law, Victorian sexuality, and the burgeoning women's liberation movement. The diary may have ruined Isabella Robinson, but Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace has the power to vindicate her.” ―Hillary Kelly, Bookforum.com
“Not just a scandalous diary, but a portrait of the plight of women in the early Victorian era . . . A revealing portrait of the straight-laced Victorians.” ―Kirkus Reviews
“Following the pattern of her previous book The Suspicions of Mr. Whicher, Summerscale combines a thorough examination of her topic with a wider view of relevant social issues--in this case, Victorian attitudes toward marriage, divorce, and the figure of the unhappy housewife. A deft unraveling of a little-known scandal that should appeal to any reader interested in women's history or the world behind the facade of the Victorian home.” ―Kathleen McCallister, Library Journal
“Romance and repression abound as a Victorian matron's innermost secrets are revealed in court via her private diary…. Summerscale does a nice job of placing both the case and the diary firmly into historical and sociological contexts.” ―Margaret Flanagan, Booklist
“Readers who complain that history is boring have never read Kate Summerscale . . . If you want historical accuracy and excellent research, grab the Summerscale.” ―Yvonne Zip, The Christian Science Monitor
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Product details
- ASIN : 1608199134
- Publisher : Bloomsbury USA; 1st edition (June 19, 2012)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 320 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9781608199136
- ISBN-13 : 978-1608199136
- Item Weight : 13.6 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.73 x 1.24 x 8.39 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,407,700 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #732 in Car Customization
- #13,215 in Great Britain History (Books)
- #89,986 in United States History (Books)
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Most every country and culture has its mythologies and contradictions. Where those mythologies are too much at odds with reality, there will be increasingly complex and contradictory efforts to sustain and extend what is ultimately unsustainable.
In the United States, maintaining slavery as a righteous institution involved a sequence of extreme and nonsensical arguments. The African people were inferior to Caucasian populations.; Blacks liked being held in the security of slavery; even the possibility of romantic love between members of the respective races became a matter of regulatory control. Victorian Society had similar problems with the myths surrounding women.
Between assumption made about the relative helplessness of women and the barely emerging science of medicine a middle class British woman had second class standing in her legal rights and little reason to expect better from her doctor.. Many of these contradictions are laid out for us by Ms. Summerscale. For example, much of Isabel's defense would depend on letting herself be portrayed by her witnesses, leading members of the medical community, in terms no modern woman would tolerate.
Without being overly dramatic, Ms. Summerscale presents the relevant facts about the limits on a woman's standing in the newly created Court of Divorce and Matrimonial Causes. She could be divorced solely on the ground of adultery, she need more than this complaint to divorce an openly unfaithful husband.
For the rest I kept wondering about things not said, or said without preparation. We are told in too much detail about the growing friendship between the slightly older Robinson family and their friends Dr. and Mrs. Edward Lane. There is no warning when we are suddenly told that Mrs Robinson's feeling for Edward had gotten deeper and more romantic. Later Isabelle would develop a romantic attraction for a tutor, Mr. Thorn, even as she still felt drawn to the Dr. Are we to conclude that the lady is flighty in her emotions and perhaps too clingy once she has formed a particular desire?
Meantime Mr. Robinson is at best something of a cypher and at worst emotionally stunted, grasping and hostile. It is never clear if his business and engineering inventions are papering or barely keeping the family in the symbols of middle class security. We are told that he pressures his wife into surrendering much of her independent means, but the actual security of the household is never made clear. Mr. Robinson's biography is handled by an indifferent if not openly hostile Mrs. Summerscale.
There is much discussion of phrenology and hydrotherapy. Some is justified, but we are left uncertain as to Ms. Summerscale or Mrs. Robinson's opinions about these then popular versions of science. Charles Darwin makes a few appearances , in part because we know that name, part because he was present for some of the events and part because, no particular reason. The conclusion is that this is not tightly written history.
In Mrs. Robinson's Disgrace, Mrs. Summerscale has brought attention to a story that should be told. It includes many aspects that make it an important history of domestic life in a world where women are patronized, but nor respected. It includes many aspect that make it entertaining. The story teller mostly succeeds. Only mostly.
I'd slap Isabella's husband Henry Robinson first. He was a mean egotist who took full advantage of the laws that gave him a right to anything his wife may consider hers. Never one to turn his back on any opportunity, he uses the chance his wife's illness gives him to search for anything that could give him yet another advantage over her. Thus he found the diary and held it until his chance came to sue for divorce.
I'd slap a couple of doctors. Dr. George Coombe, a proponent of phrenology who curried favor with anyone of status, enjoyed several years of friendship and correspondence with Mrs. Robinson. Dr. Coombe spoke openly with her about their shared viewpoint that there is no life after life, spiritual or otherwise. Unfortunately for Isabella, when push came to shove Dr. Coombe tried to distance himself from her, worried about being outed as a nonbeliever. His advice to her at this time was written between the lines, but he basically told her to plead insanity.
Dr. Edward Lane, happily married and friend of the family, was a somewhat naive figure if you ask me. He was handsome and gallant enough to ignite the romantic feelings of Isabella. He didn't follow her down the path to complicity quickly nor easily as her diary relates, but it is hard to believe he was that clueless to her feelings. When he was named as the partner in adultery his denial and active seeking of support in the press, etc, was not surprising. He jumped on the uterine disease bandwagon and didn't hop off until he was on safe ground.
Though I don't want to slap Isabella herself, I do wish I could shake her a little. This woman who would grasp at a friendly gesture as a sign of romantic feelings toward herself was clearly not loved by anyone. Her husband didn't love her, he loved the money she provided. She had no God to love her because she did not believe in one. It is no wonder she turned to herself in a diary in which, as Summerscale says, she could revisit the entries that gave her pleasure; they were validations of her worthiness to be loved. Her need to be loved led her to put the final touch to her own humiliation by saying her diary entries were mere fantasy, a product of her imagination due to her physiology. I am left saddened by this.
"I believe it is the common case that very few wives do consider sufficiently their solemn obligation of obedience and submission to their husband's wishes, even though they be capricious."
It would seem to deny the reality of any thinking woman's life that this was the expectation. And Isabella was certainly a thinking woman! Her obsessive thoughts about men, her dissatisfaction with her husband and her own personal failings are effectively showcased against the background of detailed descriptions about the social mores of Victorian England.
Definitely an excellently written, non-fiction book. A must for history buffs, Anglophiles, or just those who enjoyed the novels by the Bronte sisters.
It is rare that readers of today can really get inside the mind of someone from the past and I, as an avid reader of historical fiction and nonfiction, find that a superb experience.
Top reviews from other countries
The author reveals the background to the story first and we know that Isabella Robinson, a widow with a young son, married Henry Robinson in 1844. A fiercely intelligent and well-read woman it didn’t take her long to realise that perhaps she should have held out for a better match:
He was an ‘uncongenial man’ she wrote in her diary: uneducated, narrow-minded, harsh-tempered, selfish, proud.’ While she yearned to talk about literature and politics, to write poetry, learn languages and read the latest essays on science and philosophy, he was ‘a man who had only a commercial life’
We hear how the couple moved around but the real action starts once they moved to Edinburgh, where with young children in tow they made the acquaintance of Elizabeth Drysdale, a fantastic host who shared her splendid home with her daughter Mary and her son-in-law Edward Lane. Edward Lane had studied to be a lawyer but was now training to be a doctor (these upper middle class men seemed to be eternally switching careers!) With Henry often away on business which was to design and build ships and mills for sugar cane it is clear that Isabella craved company, what she soon commits in writing is that she particularly craved a particular type of company from Mr Edward Lane.
I’m not going to lie, although by the end I had a lot of sympathy for Isabella, she led a life at that time which many could only have wondered at; she enjoyed her children’s company, was forever being entertained, going on holiday and able to read and contemplate her navel and commit those thoughts to her diary, whilst being waited upon hand and foot. But, and here is where things get far more complex, she had nothing to call her own. Indeed her fateful marriage to Henry had been partly bought about that she wasn’t an attractive prospect, a widow with a child, especially as her deceased husband had settled most of his money on the offspring from his first wife. Henry was no saint, he had offspring by an unmarried woman and was clearly after the money Isabella was given by her family, an amount settled yearly to avoid the fact that otherwise she had nothing under the law of the land at that time. Isabella was one of the many unlucky women who had no outlet for her intelligence, although I have to say at times her ‘poor me’ attitude grated. But she was stuck, divorce was practically impossible until the summer of 1858. In the end it was Henry that applied to divorce Isabella using the evidence from he own diary as proof.
This book is teaming with social history particularly that of the richer members of society at this time, and it is this that really made this book so fascinating for me and kept me reading, especially at the beginning when at times I tired at times of Isabella, although all that changed when we got to court! During the unfolding of the story as told in main, through the words of Isabella, although I was surprised to hear that the original diary no longer exists, there are snapshots of contemporary Victorian life infused with the story of Isabella’s disgrace at her own hand. A woman who is judged not only in the court room but by her peers across the land as snippets of her diary make their way into the newspapers.
I love the style of writing, there is no emphasising certain facts in this books just a clear and neutral retelling of a woman’s life, her choices and the consequences. The additional historical details all of which are impeccably researched include atheism, phrenology, water treatments, insanity and of course divorce law which make this one of the most educational books of the Victorian period and far more readily digested than dry facts.
There is no-one who quite manages to keep their voice so neutral and yet deliver such a well-researched and compelling story as Kate Summerscale and although I didn’t enjoy this book quite as much as the Suspicions of Mr Whicher this was a personal choice of subject rather than delivery. I am however delighted to hear that Kate Summerscale has a new Victorian crime to delight us with in May; The Wicked Boy: The Mystery of a Victorian Child Murderer is on pre-order!
Isabella Robinson seemed to be a clever, restless and highly sexed woman who was not a particularly good picker of men - lots of those still around. She did not come across as particularly likeable - admitting she had made two bad choices of husband. Why, as daughter of a well to do upper middle class family she elected to marry a much older, widowed junior Naval Officer with children from a first marriage is not clear. Perhaps she was desperate for sex and he was available and approved. His sad demise from mental illness and settlement of his considerable money on the children, leaving her badly off would mean she would perhaps marry the first available man subsequently, and although Mr Robinson is not portrayed in a flattering light, perhaps he wearied of being condescended to and reminded of his inferior social status. There is no suggestion that she was under any pressure to marry either of her husbands. Mental illness, another Victorian obsession, features heavily in the book as well, and you can sense the way they groped round for explanations in pre-Freudian times. Isabella's decision to set her cap at a younger, handsome family friend seems heartless, and she doesn't in all her outpouring or self examination (at least those available to us) seem to have any guilt at her behaviour to her female friend and her mother. Edward's motivation is also unclear - he seems to enjoy having intellectual discussions with her, and her company, but ultimately finding her rather needy and cloying, appears to almost sever the relationship when the Robinsons moved away. Nothing daunted, she immediately sets her cap at her sons' tutor. When the Robinsons and Lanes paths re-cross, she reinstigates the pursuit. Much ink is spilled over did they or didn't they, and was she mad, fantasising or just bad. I'd lay good money on Edward thinking he could get away with it - despite the obvious risk to his entire business if discovered. His later total renouncement of her when the case came to court was not attractive either - but then neither was Charles Dickens' treatment of his wife. The Court case was rather more interesting than the scene setting precursor, but I still didn't find it that gripping. The most intriguing part of the entire episode was that following another pursuit of another tutor (French this time) Isabella Robinson, having won her divorce case, was finally divorced when actually discovered having an affair with this same tutor some years later. Quite a lady!
I kept noting how little of the book percentage (annoying when Kindle doesn't do page numbers) was complete, although the case was over bar the round up of what happened to the protagonists. I was totally astonished to get a translation of Madame Bovary by Karl Marx's daughter thrown in. I read Madame Bovary, in French, when doing A Levels, and am possibly scarred for life by this experience! True, being the awful little intellectual snob that I was, I did elect to do so, and when struggling beyond measure, had recourse to probably the very same translation. I cannot, however, see a reason for this, other than to pad out the rather slight book.
Mrs Robinson was an upper middle class woman in an unhappy marriage. Her husband controlled her and her money and she did not love him. Unfortunately in Victorian England the laws on divorce has only just been amended and even so that was not an option for Mrs Robinson. However on discovering her diary Mr Robinson feels that he can sue for divorce, which he does so.
Added into the mix are a series of mid-Victorian characters, from Charles Darwin onwards, and a lot of research about health treatments and sanity.
Is Mrs Robinson obsessed with sex and therefore a hysteric? Has she been unfaithful? The case hangs on whether Mrs Robinson's diary was truth or fantasy - did she have a series of affairs or not? The reputation of Mrs Robinson is nowhere near as important as that of her social circle.
I felt little sympathy for any of the characters in this book but I loved the background research that rounded out this little scandal.
But there just is not a lot to it. It feels like a book rushed out on the back of past success - and that won't make us buy another. And it is so short.
Hmm...interesting idea...but where is the imagination brought to the other books? We needed more on what life was like for this woman, more imagination of the drama in court - it is all a little turgid and dull and the sexual reasons and science is repetitive.
Perhaps a series of Victorian women might have worked? Just not worth the money spent on this one. And readers don't like that.





