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The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition 1st Edition
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An essential reconsideration of one of the most far-reaching theories in modern neuroscience and psychology.
In 1992, a group of neuroscientists from Parma, Italy, reported a new class of brain cells discovered in the motor cortex of the macaque monkey. These cells, later dubbed mirror neurons, responded equally well during the monkey’s own motor actions, such as grabbing an object, and while the monkey watched someone else perform similar motor actions. Researchers speculated that the neurons allowed the monkey to understand others by simulating their actions in its own brain.Mirror neurons soon jumped species and took human neuroscience and psychology by storm. In the late 1990s theorists showed how the cells provided an elegantly simple new way to explain the evolution of language, the development of human empathy, and the neural foundation of autism. In the years that followed, a stream of scientific studies implicated mirror neurons in everything from schizophrenia and drug abuse to sexual orientation and contagious yawning.
In The Myth of Mirror Neurons, neuroscientist Gregory Hickok reexamines the mirror neuron story and finds that it is built on a tenuous foundation―a pair of codependent assumptions about mirror neuron activity and human understanding. Drawing on a broad range of observations from work on animal behavior, modern neuroimaging, neurological disorders, and more, Hickok argues that the foundational assumptions fall flat in light of the facts. He then explores alternative explanations of mirror neuron function while illuminating crucial questions about human cognition and brain function: Why do humans imitate so prodigiously? How different are the left and right hemispheres of the brain? Why do we have two visual systems? Do we need to be able to talk to understand speech? What’s going wrong in autism? Can humans read minds?
The Myth of Mirror Neurons not only delivers an instructive tale about the course of scientific progress―from discovery to theory to revision―but also provides deep insights into the organization and function of the human brain and the nature of communication and cognition.
7 illustrations- ISBN-100393089614
- ISBN-13978-0393089615
- Edition1st
- PublisherW. W. Norton & Company
- Publication dateAugust 18, 2014
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.5 x 1.1 x 9.6 inches
- Print length304 pages
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Editorial Reviews
Review
― Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works and The Blank Slate
"A devastating critique of one of the most oversold ideas in psychology."
― Gary Marcus, cognitive psychologist and author of the New York Times bestseller Guitar Zero
"This book is the scientific analog of a courtroom thriller: against long odds, the brilliant underdog logically, methodically, and with disarming grace and hard facts takes down his fashionable opponent―the ‘Mirror Neuron’ colossus, long the darling of the don’t-look-too-closely crew. Hickok does not leave us empty-handed, however, but outlines what an alternative to mirror theory might look like."
― Patricia Churchland, professor of philosophy emerita at the University of California, San Diego
"[Hickock’s] impressive handling of basic neuroscience makes a complex topic understandable to the general reader as he delves into cutting-edge science."
― Publishers Weekly
"A bold look at one of the most exciting theories in neuroscience [and] an inspiring example of experimental science at work: The initial theory of mirror neurons may have had a false start, but it inspired an even more complex and interesting story that is just beginning to unfold."
― Kirkus Reviews
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (August 18, 2014)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0393089614
- ISBN-13 : 978-0393089615
- Item Weight : 1.36 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.5 x 1.1 x 9.6 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,107,587 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #559 in Scientific Research
- #715 in Cognitive Neuroscience & Neuropsychology
- #3,207 in Psychology (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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Customers find the book provides an interesting and comprehensive overview of neuroscience. They appreciate the well-articulated, coherent arguments and find it useful for reading in conjunction with Arbib's How the Brain got Language.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book's content engaging and informative. It provides a clear overview of neuroscience and mirror neurons with solid arguments and well-done experiments. Readers appreciate the thorough approach and challenge to conventional views.
"...undermines the claims of mirror neuron believers with well done experiments which always refer to the original findings of the first discoverers of..." Read more
"...It points to mirror neurons strengths as well as weaknesses throughout the book, and the way to the conclusion underplays nothing as far as this lay-..." Read more
"...The book clarified my understanding of the brain a bit. But most of it seems unimportant...." Read more
"Excellent, tightly argued, detailed discussion of evidence...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's language quality. They find the view articulated and argued in a coherent way. The book can be usefully read in conjunction with Arbib's How the Brain got Language.
"...Then in a very coherent and well argued style the book reveals that mirror neurons have been taken up by many researchers as an explanation of brain..." Read more
"The book is well written and thorough from where I stand: well outside the field of neuro-science...." Read more
"Refreshingly clear language about an otherwise complex topic. Hickok does a masterful job of 'cutting through the brush', and the hype...." Read more
"...I found myself drawn to the author's contrary view which is very well articulated and argued...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on October 14, 2014When I first saw the title of this book, I was taken aback. I had read various books written by science writers and researchers on various topics from consciousness, the sense of self, autism and even psychopathy and all of them had treated mirror neurons as firm established scientific fact. These authors then used mirror neurons to explain aspects of their subjects. Then I see this book entitled; "The Myth of Mirror Neurons", and figured it was written by a type of anti-scientific crank and was curious.
Now that I have read the book, I know that the author is far from an anti-science crank dismissing a firm scientific fact. The author is a professor of cognitive science and has written a very scientific and understandable book. This book teaches you about the origins of the idea of mirror neurons at first. Then in a very coherent and well argued style the book reveals that mirror neurons have been taken up by many researchers as an explanation of brain functions for which there is little real evidence that the mirror neurons are the true basis. Indeed, the mirror neurons may not actually exist, but such functions may be parts of other areas in the brain. The book relentlessly undermines the claims of mirror neuron believers with well done experiments which always refer to the original findings of the first discoverers of mirror neurons. Essentially, you realize that mirror neurons have lost touch with reality and have been taken up as a magic bullet which explain things way beyond its explanatory basis.
This book is all good science and the way things should work. Science must always self correct and not run off in unfounded directions. This not the work of a crank at all but it is a great example of the scientific method at its best. Good science must always think about the foundations of its facts otherwise the facts become beliefs.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 25, 2017The book is well written and thorough from where I stand: well outside the field of neuro-science.
For me its greatest value lies in that it is exceptionally as a critique. It points to mirror neurons strengths as well as weaknesses throughout the book, and the way to the conclusion underplays nothing as far as this lay-reader can see.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 13, 2015This book criticizes hype from scientists and the media about embodied cognition, mirror neurons, and the differences between the left and right brain hemispheres. Popular accounts of these ideas contain a little bit of truth, but most versions either explain very little or provide misleading explanations.
A good deal of our cognition is embodied in the sense that it's heavily dependent on sensory and motor activity. But we have many high-level thoughts that don't fit this model well, such as those we generate when we don't have sensory or motor interactions that are worth our attention (often misleading called a "resting state").
Humans probably have mirror neurons. They have some value in helping us imitate others. But that doesn't mean they have much affect on our ability to understand what we're imitating. Our ability to understand a dog wagging its tail isn't impaired by our inability to wag our tails. Parrots' ability to imitate our speech isn't very effective at helping them understand it.
Mirror neurons have also been used to promote the "broken mirror theory" of autism (with the suggestion that a malfunction related to mirror neurons impairs empathy). Hickok shows that the intense world hypothesis is more consistent with the available evidence.
The book clarified my understanding of the brain a bit. But most of it seems unimportant. I had sort of accepted mild versions of the mirror neuron and left-brain, right brain hype, but doing so didn't have any obvious effects on my other beliefs or my actions. It was only at the book's end (discussing autism) that I could see how the hype might matter.
Most of the ideas that he criticizes don't do much harm, because they wouldn't pay much rent if true. Identifying which neurons do what has negligible effect on how I model a person's mind unless I'm doing something unusual like brain surgery.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 31, 2014Excellent, tightly argued, detailed discussion of evidence. My focus is ASD; didn't completely agree w/ his analysis of ASD, though he is right to emphasize that we interact socially using multiple brain systems organized hierarchically, that the role of sensory systems is vastly under appreciated, and that no single theory can yet match the extraordinary diversity of the ASD population.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 12, 2014A very engaging overview of mirror neurons and their role. As made clear by the title, the author contends that mirror neurons are not the foundation of understanding the motivations of others or learning new skills. He makes a solid argument that seems to give fair consideration of the opposing view.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 11, 2014Refreshingly clear language about an otherwise complex topic. Hickok does a masterful job of 'cutting through the brush', and the hype. Can be usefully read in conjunction with Arbib's How the Brain got Language.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 16, 2014While the subject of the book is mirror neurons and you get an good explanation of claims being made for them as well as the evidence or lack thereof for such claims, you also get a nice example of how science works. I was interested in the book because I have heard so much about mirror neurons and I wanted to understand what they were really all about. However, I found myself drawn to the author's contrary view which is very well articulated and argued.
I think people interested in the brain and science in general will enjoy this book, but if the idea of a book about a very specific topic within neuroscience doesn't sound appealing, you probably aren't going to like it. Otherwise I easily recommend it.
- Reviewed in the United States on November 5, 2015Technically challenging but well worth the effort.
Top reviews from other countries
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Hilda Hernández LópezReviewed in Mexico on September 30, 20175.0 out of 5 stars Un libro accesible para todos los lectores.
Un libro bastante accesible para especialistas en neurociencias, pero también para los legos que compartan el interés por las neuronas espejo. La obra de Hickok es la más completa en cuanto a carácter crítico y argumentativo en contra de la simplicidad de explicaciones basadas en neuronas espejo, popularizadas por Giacomo Rizzolatti y su equipo de la Universidad de Parma. Hickok va progresivamente adentrando al lector en cada uno de los capítulos a las capacidades asociadas con las neuronas espejo: el lenguaje, la empatía, la imitación, etcétera., esto permite al lector una mejor comprensión de las tesis y argumentos que propone, sin duda, esta es la mayor ventaja del libro. Es ampliamente recomendable para el que desee adentrarse en el estudio crítico de las neuronas espejo, pero también para quien desee elaborar argumentos más finos a favor o en contra de esta clase de teorías.
H.P. HenningsenReviewed in Canada on July 26, 20155.0 out of 5 stars and a recommended read for everyone who is seriously interested in how ...
Hickok makes a convincing argument that the wildly popular mirror neuron theories are wrong. This is a hardcore scientific book that discusses and references the original peer-reviewed literature, not some popular-science easy-reading stuff. An absolute must-read for professionals who have been captured by the mirror neuron meme, and a recommended read for everyone who is seriously interested in how the brain works.
Rutger J. van der GaagReviewed in the United Kingdom on July 15, 20155.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Very interesting and well written scientific essay on an intriguing and actual theme. Highly convincing
neel fotedarReviewed in India on October 6, 20145.0 out of 5 stars Hickok has some really good arguments against the mirror neuron theory
This is a fascinating read. Hickok has some really good arguments against the mirror neuron theory. I am lovin it.
YoyoReviewed in the United Kingdom on May 28, 20175.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
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