NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe (Contemporary Security Studies) 1st Edition

by Daniele Ganser (Author)

15 customer reviews

ISBN-13: 978-0714685007

ISBN-10: 0714685003

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This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II.

These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture.

Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of "The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II" (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that "The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller." (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990.

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Operation Gladio: The Unholy Alliance between the Vatican, the CIA, and the Mafia by Paul L. Williams Hardcover $22.92
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Editorial Reviews

Review

'Much of this is appearing in English for the first time and it would be hard to overstate its importance.' - Lobster

About the Author

Daniele Ganser is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies at the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. He studied at Basel University in Switzerland, at Amsterdam University (UVA) in the Netherlands, and at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in England. He has published on the role of the United Nations in the Cuban conflict, Switzerland's path towards the United Nations and Switzerland's position outside the European Union.

Series: Contemporary Security Studies
Paperback: 336 pages
Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (February 5, 2005)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0714685003
ISBN-13: 978-0714685007
Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 0.8 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 15 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #717,822 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1548 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Politics & Government > Specific Topics > Terrorism
- #1889 in Books > Textbooks > Humanities > History > Military
- #2427 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Politics & Government > International & World Politics > European

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H. Campbell

Excellent Review of American Hypocrisy

September 7, 2015

Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

Ganser has written an excellent overview of the so-called "stay behind" armies organized by the British and American secret services after WW 2 to resist an expected Soviet invasion of western Europe. Eventually the CIA came to become the primary organizing agency under the auspices of NATO. However the knowledge of these secret armies was very limited in all the supposed sovereign states that made up NATO. Little wonder. Many of the members of these clandestine forces were ex-Nazis, fascists and extreme right wingers, who had no qualms about following American instructions to marginalize leftist croups working as democratic parties in countries like Italy and France. Terrorist acts that at the time were blamed on communist cells were later revealed to be due to Gladio operatives. But the rationale for such false flag operations succeeded; local populations were cowed into accepting curtailment of their civil rights ion order to protect them from the commie bogeymen. If this sounds familiar, it should. Strangely though, the author in the concluding chapter avoids making the logical conclusion that 9-11 was a similar false flag operation, though it is mentioned that some have speculated that Bush knew of the impending attacks and "allowed them to happen" on order to justify his quixotic adventures in the Middle East. This book is highly recommended since American media has avoided this subject like the plague, lest any disturbance of our illusion this country stands for democracy and freedom is disturbed. Instead this sad tale illustrates how evil the CIA was and very much still is and the double standards this country uses to justify its crimes.

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Firenze Zen

Excellent information.

August 13, 2016

Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

Important to know this. Excellent information.

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Amazon Customer

Five stars, at least

August 24, 2016

Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

You be like "five stars, you for real n-word". But trust me, this book will blow your mind. I kid you not, buy it.

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Francesco Lovecchio

An interpretative key for the understanding of many European misteries

August 1, 2005

Format: Paperback

The author is a Swiss researcher who has nicely managed to document in one volume the modus operandi of a secret stay-behind army in Europe which operated since the end of WWII until the end of the Cold War. The book provides a complete documentation of the general patterns of this army across Europe that if taken in isolation would seem improbable. This super secret Army was operating in all Western European countries under different codenames and coordinated by the Allied Clandestine Committee and the Clandestine Planning Committee under the umbrella supervision of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) within the NATO and with the active supporting role of the Pentagon, CIA and the British MI6. The goal of this army was to operate behind enemy lines setting up resistance movements in case of a Soviet invasion of Europe. The secret army was clandestine and illegal in many countries and staffed by loyal anti-communist soldiers and rightwing activists recruited from various sectors, many with a past with the nazis or fascist armies during WWII. These armies have been employed also against the national communist (and in some case socialist) parties (Demagnetize Operation) under the complacence of domestic intelligence services with several suspect cases of assassinations and some documented cases of terrorist attacks against civilian targets, or in overturning democratically elected governments (Greece and Turkey) too dangerously left-leaning. Italy plays an important part in this story since Italy was theatre of several operations and last but not least, a former prime minister eventually admitted before Parliament in 1990, after the investigations of a judge, that a stay-behind army had operated since WWII, opening a Pandora's box of revelations. To each country are dedicated 18 specific chapters (UK, USA, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Germany, Greece, Turkey, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria) with specific documented episodes, that offers a clarifying picture of this super secret organization. Much remains to be discovered, but the merit of this book is to have put together scattered information in a well organized way. Recommended.

73 people found this helpful74 people found this helpful

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T Stojanovic

Five Stars

July 2, 2016

Format: Paperback

excellent and very informative book. Puts many pieces together and explains quite a lot of previously ambiguous events.

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