Firstly, I want to endorse the excellent review by Matthew G. Reinert. I have a bit stronger feeling about the imperfection of this book.
Let's start with the title The Nationalist Era in China 1927-1949. Though it is technically accurate, but it may be slightly misleading because it has more contents about the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) than the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or KMT). For example, the part covering the period 1937-1945 has 55 pages on the KMT vs. 114 pages on the CCP. I think a more appropriate tile would simply be China 1927-1949 or The Rise of the CCP and fall of the KMT 1927-1949.
Though this book is by no means an endorsement of the CCP, and it actually has many comments or facts unfavorable to the CCP, its contents are largely consistent with the history books published in Mainland China that are heavily censored by the CCP. The fact that the book by Lloyd Eastman Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, 1937-1949 is allowed to be translated and published in Mainland China makes me wonder how fair and objective Eastman's works on China are. Even some longtime loyal CCP members have difficulty publishing their works that happen to tell the truth and the whole truth in Mainland China.
For Chinese people, the period 1937-1949 is the most important and fascinating one of Modern China because, during this period, the nation's survival was challenged, 20 million or much more people died, national heroes arose in mass while cowardly traitors were plenty. The overwhelming impression that the book gives about the Nationalists in this period is that they are incompetent, corrupted, divided, unpopular, weak. This perception would support the invasion plan of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in 1937 - conquering China in 3 months. However, this jibes extremely poorly with historical facts - IJA tried for 8 years, and had never effectively occupied more than 1/3 of China. The Nationalist government officially and effectively lead and governed a country that had been exploited and abused by foreign powers, and torn by civil wars for almost a century. In WWII, some fully modernized countries collapsed in days or weeks even with foreign aid. To the contrary, the Nationalist government led China fighting the invaders for 8 years with very limited foreign aid (about 1% to 2% of what Europe received), and its will to survive and defeat the enemy never wavered despite relocating the capital twice (almost thrice). The Nationalist army fought about 30 thousand battles including 22 major campaigns involving more than 100,000 troops each. More than 200 Nationalist generals gave their lives in the battle fields. When one examines all the facts in that period, a much more favorable view of the Nationalists would arise.
As Matthew G. Reinert alludes to in his review, there is no better alternative to this book for discussions on the Nanjing era despite its shortcomings. This is sad in some sense.
The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949 Illustrated Edition
by
Lloyd E. Eastman
(Author),
Jerome Ch'en
(Author),
Suzanne Pepper
(Author),
Lyman P. Van Slyke
(Author)
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ISBN-13: 978-0521385916
ISBN-10: 0521385911
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In recent years historians of China have focused increased attention on the critical decades of National rule on the mainland. This recent scholarship has substantially modified our understanding of the political events of this momentous period, shedding light on the character of Nationalist rule and on the sources of the Communist victory in 1949. Yet no existing textbook on modern China presents the events of the period according to these new findings. The five essays in this volume were written by leading authorities on the period, and they synthesize the new research. Drawn from Volume 13 of The Cambridge History of China, they represent the most complete and stimulating political history of the period available in the literature. The essays selected deal with Nationalist rule during the Nanking decade, the Communist movement from 1927 to 1937, Nationalist rule during the Sino-Japanese War, the Communist movement during the Sino-Japanese war, and the Kuomintang-Communist struggle from 1945 to 1949.
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Product details
- Publisher : Cambridge University Press; Illustrated edition (August 30, 1991)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 424 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0521385911
- ISBN-13 : 978-0521385916
- Item Weight : 1.35 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.06 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #3,279,948 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2,509 in Asian History (Books)
- #6,931 in Chinese History (Books)
- #112,483 in World History (Books)
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Reviewed in the United States on June 12, 2011
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Reviewed in the United States on April 16, 2009
This is a thorough if by no means exhaustive account of the Nationalist Period in China. It's organized into five main sections. The first and most useful for westerners is the history of Nationalist China during from 1927 - 1937. It includes the major personalities, economic problems, military problems, and ineptitude of the Nationalist rule. It doesn't just focus on the problems and it does discuss the progress that the GMD made towards uniting and industrializing the country.
This is followed by a similar history for the communists over the same period, covering the expansion of the base areas, their work in the White areas and the internal politicking that was going on.
The next two sections are similar but they talk about China during the war years. The first is about the Nationalist war effort and the problems faced by the government and economy in Free China while the second section focuses on these same questions with regard to the communists.
The final section of the book is devoted to the reopening of the Civil War. It talks about the breakdown in peace talks and in power sharing arrangements leading up to the shooting along with the role that foreign powers played in brokering peace after the Japanese surrender The coverage of battles and offensives is not exhaustive and is delineated by year and by campaign. There is also discussion with regards to foreign aid, domestic support, and hyperinflation.
I have the 1993 edition, so the 1999 one may be slightly different than what I read. In tone, it is very conventional in it's treatment of the reasons for the fall of the Guomindang. Those who have read more recent histories of communist china may cringe at this book's tendency to take PRC statistics at face value. It isn't a whole hearted endorsement, but the book seems to suspend skepticism somewhat to get pretty numbers for the charts. The numbers for the Guomindang areas are much more trustworthy as those have a variety of sources. If you see a chart in here that seems to good to be true, check the citation. The citations are excellent so you should have no trouble figuring where any information is coming from.
For those looking for a tactical account of specific battles, this is not the book for you. While several battles are discussed in depth, they are mainly used as examples to show how the different sides (Japanese, communist, and nationalist)fought the war. The major campaigns are discussed in depth but only with regard to their effect on the larger political situation.
Another minor quibble is the use of Wade Giles for most of the Romanization. Couple this with a lack of character transcriptions and it can be sometimes difficult to know whether Chu Teh is the same person as Zhu De.
All that being said, this is the best book I have found that discusses the Nanjing decade in China. Every other book of this period tends to focus on the Communists and their struggle while the nationalist administration is secondary. This book treats the GMD administration as the viable political force that it was and measures it by its own faults and successes rather than treating it as just backdrop for the inevitable rise of red China.
This is followed by a similar history for the communists over the same period, covering the expansion of the base areas, their work in the White areas and the internal politicking that was going on.
The next two sections are similar but they talk about China during the war years. The first is about the Nationalist war effort and the problems faced by the government and economy in Free China while the second section focuses on these same questions with regard to the communists.
The final section of the book is devoted to the reopening of the Civil War. It talks about the breakdown in peace talks and in power sharing arrangements leading up to the shooting along with the role that foreign powers played in brokering peace after the Japanese surrender The coverage of battles and offensives is not exhaustive and is delineated by year and by campaign. There is also discussion with regards to foreign aid, domestic support, and hyperinflation.
I have the 1993 edition, so the 1999 one may be slightly different than what I read. In tone, it is very conventional in it's treatment of the reasons for the fall of the Guomindang. Those who have read more recent histories of communist china may cringe at this book's tendency to take PRC statistics at face value. It isn't a whole hearted endorsement, but the book seems to suspend skepticism somewhat to get pretty numbers for the charts. The numbers for the Guomindang areas are much more trustworthy as those have a variety of sources. If you see a chart in here that seems to good to be true, check the citation. The citations are excellent so you should have no trouble figuring where any information is coming from.
For those looking for a tactical account of specific battles, this is not the book for you. While several battles are discussed in depth, they are mainly used as examples to show how the different sides (Japanese, communist, and nationalist)fought the war. The major campaigns are discussed in depth but only with regard to their effect on the larger political situation.
Another minor quibble is the use of Wade Giles for most of the Romanization. Couple this with a lack of character transcriptions and it can be sometimes difficult to know whether Chu Teh is the same person as Zhu De.
All that being said, this is the best book I have found that discusses the Nanjing decade in China. Every other book of this period tends to focus on the Communists and their struggle while the nationalist administration is secondary. This book treats the GMD administration as the viable political force that it was and measures it by its own faults and successes rather than treating it as just backdrop for the inevitable rise of red China.
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