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The New Goliaths: How Corporations Use Software to Dominate Industries, Kill Innovation, and Undermine Regulation
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“Bessen is a master of unpacking the nuances of a complex array of interrelated trends to build a coherent story of how the promise of the democratized Internet ended up under the control of just a few. Read The New Goliaths to see how the forest came to have only room for a few tall trees with the rest of us in the undergrowth.”—Joshua Gans, coauthor of Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence
Historically, competition has powered progress under capitalism. Companies with productive new products rise to the top, but sooner or later, competitors come along with better innovations and disrupt the threat of monopoly. Dominant firms like Walmart, Amazon, and Google argue that this process of “creative destruction” prevents them from becoming too powerful or entrenched.
But the threat of competition has sharply decreased over the past twenty years, and today’s corporate giants have come to power by using proprietary information technologies to create a tilted playing field. This development has increased economic inequality and social division, slowed innovation, and allowed dominant firms to evade government regulation. In the face of increasing calls to break up the largest companies, James Bessen argues that a better way to restore competitive balance and dynamism is to encourage or compel these companies to share technology, data, and knowledge.
- ISBN-100300255047
- ISBN-13978-0300255041
- PublisherYale University Press
- Publication dateJune 7, 2022
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.43 x 0.99 x 9.36 inches
- Print length272 pages
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Makes a compelling case. . . . The New Goliaths is an important book.”—David Warsh, EconomicPrincipals.com
“Bessen is a master of unpacking the nuances of a complex array of interrelated trends to build a coherent story of how the promise of the democratized Internet ended up under the control of just a few. Read The New Goliaths to see how the forest came to have only room for a few tall trees with the rest of us in the undergrowth.”—Joshua Gans, coauthor of Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence
“Information technologies—from the early bar code to cloud computing and artificial intelligence—are transforming our economy. Do firms use these technologies for the greater good or do they take advantage of lax oversight to increase their power and harm workers, consumers, and citizens? How should we regulate the New Goliaths of the digital age? Jim Bessen uses his broad experience and deep knowledge to shed light on these fundamental and contentious issues.”—Thomas Philippon, author of The Great Reversal
“Jim Bessen offers the first detailed account of how concretely the IT revolution ended up discouraging growth and creative destruction in the overall economy while dramatically increasing market concentration and income inequality. This book is an absolute must-read for scholars, policy makers, and anyone interested in the history of growth, innovation, and technological revolutions.”—Philippe Aghion, coauthor of The Power of Creative Destruction
“The New Goliaths is a deeply researched and innovative interpretation of how software innovation has produced more concentrated markets, higher inequality, and slower innovation, productivity growth, and new firm formation.”—Yochai Benkler, author of The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Yale University Press (June 7, 2022)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 272 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0300255047
- ISBN-13 : 978-0300255041
- Item Weight : 1.19 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.43 x 0.99 x 9.36 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #621,959 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #23 in Antitrust Law (Books)
- #488 in Computers & Technology Industry
- #596 in Economic Policy & Development (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

James Bessen, an economist and technologist, serves as Executive Director of the Technology & Policy Research Initiative at Boston University. He has also been a successful innovator and CEO of a software company. Bessen studies the major economic impacts of technology on society, writing academic papers, magazine articles, and books. His latest book, The New Goliaths (Yale 2022), argues that major firms’ investments in proprietary software systems have allowed them to increase their dominance of industries, slowing aggregate innovation and raising income inequality. Earlier work with Michael Meurer on patents identified the social costs of poorly defined property rights (see Patent Failure, Princeton 2008). Bessen’s work on automation (see Learning by Doing, Yale 2015), provides a distinct analysis of effects on employment, skills, and wage inequality. He has been widely cited in the press, by the US White House and Supreme Court, the European Parliament, and the Federal Trade Commission.
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Bessen argues that complex and hidden nature of proprietary software in large firms restrains innovation and competition -- and is ultimately a primary cause of lower productivity growth. However, some firms such as Amazon have opened up their systems in ways that diffuse knowledge.
Bessen draws heavily on empirical research, but is sensitive to the policy context, especially the ongoing debate over digital antitrust. Acknowledging instances of bad behavior by the goliaths, he maintains that heavy-handed solutions would have adverse economic consequences. His analysis will add weight to arguments favoring limited regulatory oversight of interoperability, despite the challenges and costs of infusing technological sophistication into antitrust agencies.
While the book adds much-needed perspective to competition policy debates, it is far broader than that. It addresses superficially diverse subjects such as disruptions, productivity, inequality, and automation. It can read as the thinking person’s guide to the economic and policy crosscurrents in the digital economy and how the nature of technology has informed them.








