Carlo Rovelli has the brilliance of Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein and the communicative skills of Carl Sagan. Otherwise he is an Italian theoretical physicist that specializes in quantum gravity and is a proponent, if not quite an advocate, of loop theory. Beyond that he is a philosopher with a heart for ancient poetry and love.
And he brings all of it to bear in this delightful book about time, which, in the end, is life, and everything, including the context in which it unfolds. It would be in error to suggest that time doesn’t exist, but it would be equally in error to suggest that time is as simple as the continuum we record with our clocks.
What I like most about the book is the fact that Rovelli recognizes that philosophy and science, if not two sides of the same coin, are cousins. He refers to Proust, which few scientists do, and suggests that while reason is among the best tools available for interpreting our “collective delirium,” it is “only an instrument, a pincer.”
The science and the prose are very accessible. You will, however, have to be willing to think abstractly, a skill that in our wired, binary world seems to be greatly dissipating. And he is the first scientist I have read in a while who takes time to explain why the problem is sometimes not the science itself, but the limitations of language. Language is a human construction and has not kept up with our scientific revelation. Which is why theoretical physicists sometimes seem to be speaking another language. If only there was another language that was constructed in the world as we know it today, our communication would be so much easier and our knowledge would expand more rapidly.
It would be impossible to summarize the knowledge contained in this book. You really have to read it. Here is a start, however: “The world is not a collection of things, it is a collection of events.” If you can comprehend that the rest is largely additional perspective.
And if the idea that universal time doesn’t exist in any absolute sense seems a stretch, consider Rovelli’s simple explanation (I’m paraphrasing): People never used to worry about clocks. They worried about the cycle of sunshine and darkness. But that cycle is different in every single village, town, and city on the planet. The cycle varies both east to west and north to south. And back when we used to spend our lives in our little village we didn’t care. But then the scientists and engineers invented trains to take us from one village to the next. And people needed to know when the train left their village. But how can you develop a timetable when every village has its own time? You can’t. But, at the same time, it’s not quite practical to say that the whole world has just one time. Farmers don’t care what the sun is doing in London. They care what it’s doing on their farm. (China actually has no time zones by edict. The entire country is on Beijing time and there are significant practical limitations.) The solution was the time zone, and it’s a compromise. Time zones are a construct and practical in the local sense, but highly inaccurate when talking about the universe. In the language of theoretical physics, they don’t exist.
Eastern philosophers believe that reality is not knowable. It is real, but is made up of an infinite number of variables. We can only comprehend or think about a handful at a time. A tree is real. I can touch it and smell it. But it is not entirely knowable because there are too many variables (e.g. altitude, climate, soil, etc.) that define each tree for me to know them all. Time is the same way. Time is real but it is not knowable. Throw in the limitations of language and it begins to look like an illusion.
To his great credit, Rovelli admits that there is much we don’t know. Think of a Seurat painting that has been blacked out. We have exposed a few, perhaps 10% (my number), of the original dots of pigment. It’s a lot, but we’re still guessing as to what the underlying picture is.
And that’s pretty exciting. The key to our understanding to date, however, is the second law of thermodynamics which states that entropy can never decrease. It’s critical to our understanding of time, as Rovelli explains. Personally I’m not convinced it’s inviolate. Perhaps we just haven’t uncovered enough dots of pigment yet. If entropy could work both ways it would explain a lot, but attraction does not equal fact. (Entropy obviously has a big role in causality, of course. Bidirectional entropy would be a huge boost for inductive reason.)
It’s a short book and even if you get through a small amount of it you will learn a lot. Beyond writing in an accessible way, Rovelli comes off as very personable. The perfect person to sit down and share a cup of coffee with. If only he had the time. (Sorry)
A marvelous book that I highly recommend.
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A thoroughly enjoyable and easy to understand book
One day in the future, time travel will be scientifically possible long ago.When I read each chapter of Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time, I would often have to put the book down to reflect upon what I had read to try to understand it. Carlo Rovelli's The Order of Time is not like that at all. Rovelli writes in a clear, direct way that makes these complex topics easy to digest. The book did not take long to read. (Do you see what I did there?) I recommend this book for anyone curious about the physics of time.
Top reviews from other countries
Gabriel Moises
Obra genial de un científico empujando la frotera del conocimiento.
Reviewed in Mexico on January 20, 2023
