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The Order of Time Hardcover – Illustrated, May 8, 2018

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One of TIME’s Ten Best Nonfiction Books of the Decade

"Meet the new Stephen Hawking . . . The Order of Time is a dazzling book." --The Sunday Times

From the bestselling author of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, Reality Is Not What It Seems, Helgoland, and Anaximander comes a concise, elegant exploration of time.

Why do we remember the past and not the future? What does it mean for time to "flow"? Do we exist in time or does time exist in us? In lyric, accessible prose, Carlo Rovelli invites us to consider questions about the nature of time that continue to puzzle physicists and philosophers alike.

For most readers this is unfamiliar terrain. We all experience time, but the more scientists learn about it, the more mysterious it remains. We think of it as uniform and universal, moving steadily from past to future, measured by clocks. Rovelli tears down these assumptions one by one, revealing a strange universe where at the most fundamental level time disappears. He explains how the theory of quantum gravity attempts to understand and give meaning to the resulting extreme landscape of this timeless world. Weaving together ideas from philosophy, science and literature, he suggests that our perception of the flow of time depends on our perspective, better understood starting from the structure of our brain and emotions than from the physical universe.

Already a bestseller in Italy, and written with the poetic vitality that made
Seven Brief Lessons on Physics so appealing, The Order of Time offers a profoundly intelligent, culturally rich, novel appreciation of the mysteries of time.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Highly original. . . . Chapter by chapter, Rovelli shows how modern physics has annihilated common understandings of time. . . . the many other excellent explanations of science, the heart and humanity of the book, its poetry and its gentle tone raise it to the level and style of such great scientist-writers as Lewis Thomas and Rachel Carson.” Alan Lightman, New York Times Book Review

“ An elegant grapple with one of physics’ deepest mysteries. . . .A masterly writer. . . . In this little gem of a book, Mr. Rovelli first demolishes our common-sense notion of time. . . .an ambitious book that illuminates a thorny question, that succeeds in being a pleasurable read.”
Wall Street Journal

“No one writes about the cosmos like theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli. . . Rovelli’s new story of time is elegant and lucidly told, whether he is revealing facts or indulging in romantic-philosophic speculation about the nature of time.” —
The Washington Post

“An incredible book. . . [Rovelli] manages to communicate some of the most complex and inspiring ideas we have about time with a poetry, charm and wit that is infectious.” —Benedict Cumberbatch

“Rovelli has crafted an accessible, mind-­expanding read that challenges our perceptions of time, space and reality.” —
TIME

“A deep—and remarkably readable—dive into the fundamental nature of time. . . written with enough charm and poetry to engage the imagination of anyone who reads it.” —
Financial Times 

The Order of Time, by Carlo Rovelli, hardly seems like pool-side reading, but anyone with the least interest in the science of the physical world will be by turns astonished, baffled and thrilled by what Rovelli has to say about the true nature of time, which has little in common with our everyday conception of it. Rovelli is the poet of quantum physics.” —John Banville

“We live in an age of wonderful science writing, and Carlo Rovelli’s new book,
 The Order of Time, is an example of the very best. Time is something we think we know about instinctively; here he shows how profoundly strange it really is.” —Philip Pullman 

“Mind-bending.” —Michael Pollan

“Rovelli is a wonderful writer, and so even when you (or perhaps I should just stick to the first-person singular) don’t know what’s going on, he comes up with enjoyable, occasionally beautiful metaphors to help you (me). . .  The ideas in 
The Order of Time are extraordinary, and I rather fear you should read it” —Nick Hornby, The Believer

“The Order of Time is a little wonder of a book. It provides surprising insights into an increasingly mysterious world, offers warmly humane reflections on our existential condition, and sustains a virtual conversation that will continue long after the reading has ceased.” —PopMatters

“A dizzying, poetic work”
—The Guardian

“A compact and elegant book” —
Nature

“Rovelli, a physicist and one of the founders of loop quantum gravity theory, uses literary, poetical and historical devices to unravel the properties of time, what it means to exist without time and, at the end, how time began.” —
Scientific American

“Physics' literary superstar makes us rethink time . . . 
The Order of Time will surely establish Rovelli among the pantheon of great scientist-communicators . . . More of this please” —New Scientist

“Where other writers struggle to get their complex ideas across, Rovelli introduces profound notions with ease, using simple but evocative language . . . He also has a knack for mixing his serious enterprise with a sense of humor.” —
Science Magazine

“In this fascinating new book, Carlo Rovelli weaves together physics, philosophy, and art to explore the enduring mystery of time itself.” —
Bustle

“An elegantly concise primer makes theoretical physics intelligible . . . it would be to do a disservice to Rovelli and this stunningly written book, to say that brevity is its main virtue.” —
The Times (UK)  

About the Author

Carlo Rovelli is a theoretical physicist who has made significant contributions to the physics of space and time. He has worked in Italy and the United States and currently directs the quantum gravity research group of the Centre de Physique Théorique in Marseille, France. His books, including Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, The Order of Time, and Helgoland, are international bestsellers that have been translated into more than fifty languages.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Riverhead Books; Illustrated edition (May 8, 2018)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 256 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 073521610X
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0735216105
  • Lexile measure ‏ : ‎ 1040L
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 10.4 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.1 x 0.9 x 7.6 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 5,476 ratings

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4.5 out of 5 stars
5,476 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the writing style poetic and accessible. They describe the book as a nice, delightful read with insightful content about time and its nature. Readers appreciate the author's knowledge of quantum mechanics and philosophy. However, some feel the science content is not scientifically sound and sounds more like pseudoscience.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

162 customers mention "Writing style"119 positive43 negative

Customers find the writing style poetic and accessible. They appreciate the mix of narratives and scientific knowledge in an accessible way. The author comes off as personable and makes a good effort to convey important ideas. The narration is also on point.

"...Beyond writing in an accessible way, Rovelli comes off as very personable. The perfect person to sit down and share a cup of coffee with...." Read more

"...understand the cold mechanics of their complexities but also their human meanings." Read more

"...followed in section three by two chapters that are described as brief and technical, in which the author discusses the reconstruction of time...." Read more

"...This book is written for a lay audience. There is almost no math in it (what there is appears in footnotes), and it defends a view common to much of..." Read more

142 customers mention "Readability"130 positive12 negative

Customers enjoy the book's readable style and clarity. They find it enjoyable, with particularly engaging chapters 9-11. The author is a best-selling author of Seven Brief Lessons of Physics.

"...And he brings all of it to bear in this delightful book about time, which, in the end, is life, and everything, including the context in which it..." Read more

"...In summary this is a decent and well written book advocating for a particular view of time (or no time) that I happen to think is wrong, but what do..." Read more

"A delight to read, with emotional depth as well as intellectual rigor...." Read more

"...This is an interesting read, to say the least, and I certainly recommend it to those interested on an understanding of the concept of time...." Read more

131 customers mention "Insight"116 positive15 negative

Customers find the book fascinating and educational. It provides them with insights and thoughts about ideas they take for granted. Readers appreciate its emotional depth as well as intellectual rigor, making it a valuable read for philosophers and science enthusiasts alike.

"...being so close to us (the first one IS us) they are endless sources for fountains of speculation...." Read more

"A delight to read, with emotional depth as well as intellectual rigor...." Read more

"...knowledge that takes the reader in an entertaining and highly educational ride. I highly recommend this book" Read more

"...You won't fully grasp it in one go. But Carlo Rovelli does an unbelievably good job at making these ideas accessible...." Read more

71 customers mention "Concept of time"57 positive14 negative

Customers find the book's concept of time fascinating. They appreciate how it explains the different theories on its nature and how it affects us. The book takes a human approach to discussing time, our perception of it, and how it transforms their relationship with time. It paints an expansive, integrated picture of time, and argues that time zones are a construct.

"...The solution was the time zone, and it’s a compromise. Time zones are a construct and practical in the local sense, but highly inaccurate when..." Read more

"...The movement is real, the changing is real, but the time in which all of this seems to occur is nothing more than a manifestation of human..." Read more

"“The nature of time is perhaps the greatest remaining mystery,” according to the author. This book is an attempt to remove some of that mystery...." Read more

"This book shifted my paradigm of how I understand time and in particular the present...." Read more

29 customers mention "Physics"26 positive3 negative

Customers appreciate the book's physics and philosophy. They find the author's approach to quantum mechanics clear and poetic. The book covers history, literature, and poetry, with an introduction to the author's philosophy.

"...Otherwise he is an Italian theoretical physicist that specializes in quantum gravity and is a proponent, if not quite an advocate, of loop theory...." Read more

"...Rovelli is a well respected physicist and a good writer...." Read more

"Carlo Rovelli Is a brilliant physicist and a beautiful writer! This is the book I keep on the nightstand." Read more

"...Professor Rovelli is not only an outstanding physicist, as he has the soul of a poet and he is able to connect with the reader from the first..." Read more

12 customers mention "Science content"3 positive9 negative

Customers find the science content in the book unconvincing. They mention it sounds like pseudoscience, with basic relativity explained. There are also scientific mistakes and lack of understanding of the subject by the author.

"Science Fiction masquerading as Science. Stream-of-Consciousness blather masquerading as Philosophy...." Read more

"Enjoyable and thoughtful, although fundamentally not science...." Read more

"...views are so clear and refreshing, his perspective is brilliant and unique. He is a poet and a physicist...." Read more

"...There's really no science or physics in it at all. It's all speculations and musings...." Read more

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2018
    Carlo Rovelli has the brilliance of Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein and the communicative skills of Carl Sagan. Otherwise he is an Italian theoretical physicist that specializes in quantum gravity and is a proponent, if not quite an advocate, of loop theory. Beyond that he is a philosopher with a heart for ancient poetry and love.

    And he brings all of it to bear in this delightful book about time, which, in the end, is life, and everything, including the context in which it unfolds. It would be in error to suggest that time doesn’t exist, but it would be equally in error to suggest that time is as simple as the continuum we record with our clocks.

    What I like most about the book is the fact that Rovelli recognizes that philosophy and science, if not two sides of the same coin, are cousins. He refers to Proust, which few scientists do, and suggests that while reason is among the best tools available for interpreting our “collective delirium,” it is “only an instrument, a pincer.”

    The science and the prose are very accessible. You will, however, have to be willing to think abstractly, a skill that in our wired, binary world seems to be greatly dissipating. And he is the first scientist I have read in a while who takes time to explain why the problem is sometimes not the science itself, but the limitations of language. Language is a human construction and has not kept up with our scientific revelation. Which is why theoretical physicists sometimes seem to be speaking another language. If only there was another language that was constructed in the world as we know it today, our communication would be so much easier and our knowledge would expand more rapidly.

    It would be impossible to summarize the knowledge contained in this book. You really have to read it. Here is a start, however: “The world is not a collection of things, it is a collection of events.” If you can comprehend that the rest is largely additional perspective.

    And if the idea that universal time doesn’t exist in any absolute sense seems a stretch, consider Rovelli’s simple explanation (I’m paraphrasing): People never used to worry about clocks. They worried about the cycle of sunshine and darkness. But that cycle is different in every single village, town, and city on the planet. The cycle varies both east to west and north to south. And back when we used to spend our lives in our little village we didn’t care. But then the scientists and engineers invented trains to take us from one village to the next. And people needed to know when the train left their village. But how can you develop a timetable when every village has its own time? You can’t. But, at the same time, it’s not quite practical to say that the whole world has just one time. Farmers don’t care what the sun is doing in London. They care what it’s doing on their farm. (China actually has no time zones by edict. The entire country is on Beijing time and there are significant practical limitations.) The solution was the time zone, and it’s a compromise. Time zones are a construct and practical in the local sense, but highly inaccurate when talking about the universe. In the language of theoretical physics, they don’t exist.

    Eastern philosophers believe that reality is not knowable. It is real, but is made up of an infinite number of variables. We can only comprehend or think about a handful at a time. A tree is real. I can touch it and smell it. But it is not entirely knowable because there are too many variables (e.g. altitude, climate, soil, etc.) that define each tree for me to know them all. Time is the same way. Time is real but it is not knowable. Throw in the limitations of language and it begins to look like an illusion.

    To his great credit, Rovelli admits that there is much we don’t know. Think of a Seurat painting that has been blacked out. We have exposed a few, perhaps 10% (my number), of the original dots of pigment. It’s a lot, but we’re still guessing as to what the underlying picture is.

    And that’s pretty exciting. The key to our understanding to date, however, is the second law of thermodynamics which states that entropy can never decrease. It’s critical to our understanding of time, as Rovelli explains. Personally I’m not convinced it’s inviolate. Perhaps we just haven’t uncovered enough dots of pigment yet. If entropy could work both ways it would explain a lot, but attraction does not equal fact. (Entropy obviously has a big role in causality, of course. Bidirectional entropy would be a huge boost for inductive reason.)

    It’s a short book and even if you get through a small amount of it you will learn a lot. Beyond writing in an accessible way, Rovelli comes off as very personable. The perfect person to sit down and share a cup of coffee with. If only he had the time. (Sorry)

    A marvelous book that I highly recommend.
    173 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2018
    Like consciousness, time is a subject that no philosopher or physicist has ever managed to nail down completely. Thanks to their slippery character, being so close to us (the first one IS us) they are endless sources for fountains of speculation. In this book, Rovelli's subject is time, but consciousness comes into this narrative as well.

    Rovelli is a "time denier". OK, that's being a little unfair but not by much. What he denies is that there exists an independent, fundamental property or quality of the universe that is time. Of course the universe is full of movement and change, events unfolding into other events. His basic position is that time emerges into our perspective, our viewpoint, from these phenomena, but it is merely an illusion. The movement is real, the changing is real, but the time in which all of this seems to occur is nothing more than a manifestation of human (possibly animal) mind and the illusion, in turn, is supported by the entropy generated in the functioning of our brains.

    The book (not long read) is divided into three parts. In the first Rovelli covers the various sub-disciplines of physics and their temporal implications (or lack thereof). He begins with classical physics (the equations work backwards in time), and moves on to General and Special Relativity, and quantum mechanics. Here he demonstrates that our simple intuition of a universal time flowing from past to future is untenable. Time, mind-independent time, if it exists at all, cannot be like that. In part two he further demolishes time. Not only is it not what we think, in and for physics, it doesn't really exist at all; even the present is an illusion! In part three, he puts time back together for and in the perspective of an subjective viewpoint.

    He argues it is the fact that we view the world from a perspective, that when we perceive the world we inevitably blur the details into a sort of summary or gestalt for our perspective, that causes time to appear to mind, The physics supporting that appearance comes down to thermodynamics. Human time, brain time, is "thermal time". Certainly Rovelli thinks thermodynamics (in particular the 2nd law) is real, but while responsible for what consciousness perceives of time and so a real enough subjective experience, from the 3rd party perspective of physics, change is real, but time is a mirage.

    This book is written for a lay audience. There is almost no math in it (what there is appears in footnotes), and it defends a view common to much of the physics and philosophy community. To be sure Rovelli differs a bit from some of his peers. He argues that relativistic "block time" is no more a "true portrait of objective time" than any other theory. In Rovelli's view remember there is no such thing as "objective time".

    In 2015 a philosopher (Roberto Unger) and a physicist (Lee Smolin) wrote "The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time". This book (reviewed by me on Amazon) makes precisely the opposite case from that of Rovelli. Of course they recognize what Relativity and quantum mechanics imply about time, but they maintain, nevertheless, that a notion (and reality) of objective, "universal time", is more fundamental than any other phenomena of the universe, even more than space! Rovelli mentions this book in a footnote and admits that Unger and Smolin's view "is defensible", but he leaves it there and never addresses what is defensible about it.

    The Unger/Smolin book goes against the grain of 95% of today's physicists. Personally I agree with Smolin and Unger. The fact (thanks to limiting effect of the speed of light) that we cannot map our present to any present in a remote galaxy, or even the nearest star does not mean there is no present there, in fact everywhere. Something is happening, NOW, everywhere in the universe. We do not know what it is, but that does not mean the present isn't real as Rovelli believes. Had Rovelli directly addressed Unger and Smolin I would have given this book another star. Had he not mentioned them at all, I would have taken another away.

    In summary this is a decent and well written book advocating for a particular view of time (or no time) that I happen to think is wrong, but what do I know? It happens to be the dominant view in physics today. Rovelli is a well respected physicist and a good writer. Those of you interested in the subject will find this book valuable whether you agree with the author or not.
    419 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on October 19, 2024
    A delight to read, with emotional depth as well as intellectual rigor. It touches my heart to feel welcomed into Rovelli’s world of exploration of the mysteries of time, not only to understand the cold mechanics of their complexities but also their human meanings.

Top reviews from other countries

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  • Brandon
    5.0 out of 5 stars A Transformative Exploration of Our Perception of Time
    Reviewed in Canada on June 27, 2024
    This book leans towards the more challenging end of off-the-shelf science topics. Carlo Rovelli explores what time means, its origins from both a scientific perspective and its uniqueness to each observing entity, as well as what time truly means to a human observer. Our sensory inputs are not instantaneous; we are an amalgamation of past experiences, interpolating ahead based on current inputs, experiencing life through a blurred flow, moment by moment.

    I would not recommend this book for a casual read. However, for those deeply interested in the concept of time, I have yet to come across a book as detailed as this. Personally, I anticipate requiring a second read to fully digest its complex topics.
  • Gabriel Moises
    5.0 out of 5 stars Obra genial de un científico empujando la frotera del conocimiento.
    Reviewed in Mexico on January 20, 2023
    Carlo Rovelli ademas de ser un físico que trabaja en lo mas avanzado de la ciencia, es un filósofo y un estudioso del arte y de la historia.
    Sus obras científicas son una delicia para la mente, pues están salpicadas de referencias al arte, a la belleza, a la historia y a la filosofía.
    Puedes aprender sobre las teorías de mas avanzadas de la física disfrutando la prosa amena de este genio.
    Cuando termines su lectura pensarás que este libro era muy breve y que se terminó como un bocado del mas delicioso pastel.
  • Thiago Dalfovo
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great book!!
    Reviewed in Sweden on February 2, 2024
    Carlo has a way with words. Amazing book: Interesting and easy to follow.
  • Lucio
    5.0 out of 5 stars Libro di interesse straordinario
    Reviewed in Italy on January 11, 2024
    Questo è un testo affascinante, scritto in maniera semplice ma molto profondo.
  • Susan Stepney
    5.0 out of 5 stars explains complex concepts with great clarity and style
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 1, 2024
    In his previous book, Reality Is Not What It Seems, Rovelli emphasises the need to remove the Newtonian model of a separately existing time from physical theories. In this new similarly slim and equally lucid volume, he delves deeper into what is this time thing, anyway.

    He carefully picks apart the many different models of time in physics. Newtonian time has been replaced by many different models of time, all of which remove one or more ‘obvious’ properties. Special relativistic time depends on your speed, and asking what is now somewhere else “is like asking ‘What is here, in Peking?’”[p.37]: the present is defined just in a local bubble whose size depends on our precision. General relativistic time depends on the curvature of space, and so is different everywhere, and things fall because “the movement of things inclines to where time passes more slowly” [p.12]. Thermodynamics is the only basic physical theory that has an ‘arrow’ of time, of entropy increase, the existence of which depends on your scale; that “entropy exists because we describe the world in a blurred fashion”, and if we “observe the microscopic state of things the difference between past and future vanishes” [p.30]. Quantum mechanical (space)time is not continuous, but granular, as is everything else, and different times can coexist in superpositions.

    Rovelli provides an interesting historical perspective on our current everyday intuitions of it being the same time in different places, and time always passing at the same speed: we didn’t always have these ideas. Clocks didn’t start started regulating our hours until around the 14th century. But these clocks were synchronised to local noon, not to each other. Then train timetables in the 19th century required synchronisation across distances. Time zones were invented in 1883, and cities gradually synchronised their clocks with each other. Then, in 1905, Einstein destroyed the idea of universal synchronicity. (I had known Einstein worked in a patent office; I was not aware he dealt specifically with patents related to synchronising clocks!)

    Another interesting historical perspective: today we are accustomed to the idea the Newton’s view of an independently flowing absolute time, and think that Leibniz was some maverick suggesting relational time, of time being change. But actually, this view of time being dependent on change was the orthodox Aristotelian view, and it was Newton who was the maverick. We are just nowadays more used to the Newtonian view. Einstein synthesised the Aristotelian and Newtonian views: yes, spacetime is something real, yet it is relative, not absolute.

    Having spent the first part of the book bringing us up to date with current physics, Rovelli moves into more a speculative realm, a different view of time in terms of change. This is heady stuff. We should think of the world as a network of events, and “the simple fact that nothing is: that things happen instead” [p.85]. In this world there is no time as we currently understand it; instead it is a world in which change is ubiquitous.

    Rovelli explains how some of the problems we have with this new physics is down to grammar: the human languages we use to talk about the world, with their simple past, present and future tenses, do not fit well with our current view of a more complex structure to physical time. But just because natural language, developed before we knew about this complexity, can’t cope, doesn’t mean our physical models are wrong: we just have to work harder.

    Rovelli concludes his discussion with some thoughts on the origins of time: how it might emerge from the underlying granular, complex structure of spacetime events; from a particular blurring (ignorance) of macroscopic state; from non-commutative quantum operations imposing a natural (partial) order; from the fact that we have a point of view observing the universe while situated within it.

    This is a beautifully written book, explaining complex concepts with great clarity and style. It is a translation. There is an amusing translation error on p193, which talks of “a degree of liberty”: after a moment of thought, I decided that this should be “a degree of freedom”. Despite the book’s slimness, there is a great deal to think about here; I have merely scraped the surface in my summary above. It is a wonderfully rich concoction of deep ideas and lucid explanation. Recommended.