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Oreo Paperback – July 7, 2015
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A pioneering, dazzling satire about a biracial black girl from Philadelphia searching for her Jewish father in New York City
Oreo is raised by her maternal grandparents in Philadelphia. Her black mother tours with a theatrical troupe, and her Jewish deadbeat dad disappeared when she was an infant, leaving behind a mysterious note that triggers her quest to find him. What ensues is a playful, modernized parody of the classical odyssey of Theseus with a feminist twist, immersed in seventies pop culture, and mixing standard English, black vernacular, and Yiddish with wisecracking aplomb. Oreo, our young hero, navigates the labyrinth of sound studios and brothels and subway tunnels in Manhattan, seeking to claim her birthright while unwittingly experiencing and triggering a mythic journey of self-discovery like no other.- Print length240 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherNew Directions
- Publication dateJuly 7, 2015
- Dimensions5.6 x 0.7 x 8 inches
- ISBN-100811223221
- ISBN-13978-0811223225
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Editorial Reviews
Review
― Marlon James, Guardian
"A brilliant and biting satire, a feminist picaresque, absurd, unsettling, and hilarious ... Ross' novel, with its Joycean language games and keen social critique, is as playful as it is profound. Criminally overlooked. A knockout."
― Kirkus (Starred Review)
"Setting out from her black household in Philadelphia to find her deadbeat Jewish father in New York, [Oreo] proceeds through one of the funniest journeys ever, amid a whirlwind of wisecracks in a churning mix of Yiddish, black vernacular, and every sort of English."
― Danielle Dutton, The Guardian
"What a rollicking little masterpiece this book is, truly one of the most delightful, hilarious, intelligent novels I’ve stumbled across in recent years, a wholly original work written in a wonderful mashed-up language that mixes high academic prose, black slang and Yiddish to great effect. I must have laughed out loud a hundred times, and it’s a short book, just over 200 pages, which averages out to one booming gut-laugh every other page."
― Paul Auster, The New York Times
"Oreo is one of the funniest books I've ever read. To convey Oreo's humor effectively, I would have to use the comedic graphs, menus, and quizzes Ross uses in the novel. So instead, I just settle for, 'You have to read this.'"
― Mat Johnson, NPR Books
"With its mix of vernacular dialects, bilingual and ethnic humor, inside jokes, neologisms, verbal quirks, and linguistic oddities, Ross's novel dazzles…"
― Harryette Mullen
"It took me two years to "feel" Wu Tang's first album, even longer to appreciate Basquiat, and I still don't get all the fuss over Duke Ellington and Frank Lloyd Wright. But I couldn't believe Oreo hadn't been on my cultural radar."
― Paul Beatty, The New York Times
"Hilarious, touching and a future classic."
― Vanity Fair
"Think: Thomas Pynchon meets Don Quixote, mixed with a crack joke crafter. I'm not sure I've ever admired a book's inventiveness and soul more."
― John Warner, Chicago Tribune
"The novel will endure, greeting each new generation of readers with its continuing relevance."
― Amanda Sarasien, The Literary Review
"Hilariously offbeat. "
― Essence Magazine
"This is a novel that refuses to be categorized or tamed in any way."
― Bookforum
"Oreo has snap and whimsy to burn. It’s a nonstop outbound flight to a certain kind of readerly bliss. It may have been first published more than 40 years ago, but its time is now."
― Dwight Garner, The New York Times
"Uproariously funny…criminally neglected."
― Stephen Sparks, LitHub
"This novel has wings."
― Dwight Garner, The New York Times
"I wish that more writers writing today would be as outrageous, irreverent, and just flat-out funny about race as Fran Ross was in Oreo almost fifty years ago."
― Susan Choi, Bookforum
"Oreo is a blissful antidote to the cant of today and a celebration of the intricacies of consciousness; it encounters no boundary."
― Michelle Latiolais, Public Books
"Oreo is satire and metafiction, a picaresque and a bildungsroman."
― Adam Bradley, The New York Times
"Oreo has snap and whimsy to burn. It’s a nonstop outbound flight to a certain kind of readerly bliss. It may have been first published more than 40 years ago, but its time is now. "
― Dwight Garner, The New York Times
"Oreo is a wonderfully irreverent story that plays fast and loose with the hero’s journey. Tragically, it’s the only novel Fran Ross ever published."
― Ilana Masad, The Atlantic
About the Author
Fran Ross (1935–1985) grew up in Philadelphia. She wrote Oreo while working as a proofreader and journalist, and then moved to Los Angeles to write for Richard Pryor.
Danzy Senna is the author of five critically acclaimed books of fiction and nonfiction, including New People, Where Did You Sleep Last Night, and Caucasia.
Harryette Mullen, a professor of English at UCLA, is the author of six collections of poetry, most recently Recyclopedia, which won a PEN Beyond Margins Award
Product details
- Publisher : New Directions; Reprint edition (July 7, 2015)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 240 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0811223221
- ISBN-13 : 978-0811223225
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.6 x 0.7 x 8 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #299,411 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #3,065 in Fiction Satire
- #4,022 in Black & African American Women's Fiction (Books)
- #5,830 in Women's Domestic Life Fiction
- Customer Reviews:
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Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonCustomers say
Customers find the book witty, funny, and visionary. They also describe it as original and perceptive about race relations. However, some find the jargon too much and the storyline mixed.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book funny, witty, and smart. They also say it's a great work and a must read for Vonnegut and Beatty. Readers also mention that Ross's mastery is dazzling.
"This is one of the best novels I have ever read, utilizing language to the fullest capacity, interweaving the tale of Theseus with facets of a young..." Read more
"It’s witty, dirty, socially smart and a little bit visionary, but no one’s heard of it...." Read more
"Fran Ross's Oreo is a work of genius. This satirical novel was way ahead of its time...." Read more
"...puns, word games, and memorable characters make this a book worth reading a few times." Read more
Customers find the humor in the book very funny, irrepressible, and full of linguistic invention. They also say the book is thoughtful and written with a rapier wit.
"...The introduction by Harryette Mullen is also excellent and very thoughtful...." Read more
"It’s witty, dirty, socially smart and a little bit visionary, but no one’s heard of it...." Read more
"...This satirical novel was way ahead of its time. Ross writes with a rapier wit and uses language and humor that dances around Jewish and Black..." Read more
"...of a postmodern novel in its avoidance of profundity and its utterly playful spirit...." Read more
Customers find the book perceptive about race relations, and say it's a great addition to a curriculum in modern literature or poetry. They also say the NPR piece is a good background for the revolutionary book.
"...This book would be a great addition to a curriculum in modern literature or poetry classes, much more rich, imaginative and wondrous than many of..." Read more
"...quick read taunting both the brain and heart, challenging & intertwining typical cultural stereotypes." Read more
"Great book about multiracial identity and self discovery. Full of humor and humanity!" Read more
"...It is that rarity, a wild comic novel with sharp insights into race and class and ethnicity." Read more
Customers find the book very original, imaginative, and wondrous. They also describe it as lovely, smart, funny, and irreverent.
"...curriculum in modern literature or poetry classes, much more rich, imaginative and wondrous than many of the books I've read as of late...." Read more
"...Ross was a true original." Read more
"A very original, brilliant romp by an ingenious writer who died too young to build on this fine first novel, an amalgam of African American, Jewish,..." Read more
"This is a great work! Very clever, easy to read, unique in its format and a strong central femaile character. I highly recommend." Read more
Customers find the protagonist clever, hilarious, and full of complex characters.
"...Lots of puns, word games, and memorable characters make this a book worth reading a few times." Read more
"Fun read with a wonderfully complex protagonist in Oreo...." Read more
"...Fast-paced, devilishly clever, hilarious, and full of complex characters, Oreo should not be missed." Read more
"...Very clever, easy to read, unique in its format and a strong central femaile character. I highly recommend." Read more
Customers have mixed opinions about the storyline. Some find it part literary and part adventure story, while others are not impressed with the plot or writing style of the author.
"...The novel at every turn embraces ambiguity. Its quest-driven plot is at every step diverted by wordplay and metareferences to itself...." Read more
"...Some of the plot turns seemed arbitrary the first time I read it through. I really wish it could have stood on its own better...." Read more
"The story was okay -- not really my type of read." Read more
"Stream of consciousness, rambling and barely has a plot." Read more
Customers find the book hard to follow, with too much unexplained jargon and cultural references. They also say the writing style is difficult to keep up with.
"...The first is that it doesn’t make a lot sense without background knowledge about the Theseus myth...." Read more
"Stream of consciousness, rambling and barely has a plot." Read more
"...a bizarre story written in a style that makes it near impossible to understand and follow. Not my cup of tea for sure...." Read more
"...There was too much unexplained jargon as well - I had been hoping to learn about Jewish and African American culture, but instead I was just..." Read more
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The plot of Oreo follows the Theseus myth, with Oreo in the starring role as Theseus. The Greek Theseus was the son of Aegeus and Poseidon by Aethra. Aegus left shortly after Theseus’s birth to go be king of Athens. Before he departed, he left a sword and a pair of sandals under a rock for Theseus to claim when he came of age. Oreo’s father, Samuel Schwartz, is based on Aegeus, and Oreo goes on a quest to find him. The twist is that this isn’t really a story of establishing paternity – it’s more about Oreo’s quest to find herself through travel and deeds. Sam Schwartz’s unimportance in Oreo’s story is made clear from the way he is introduced in the Dramatis Personae as “just another pretty face.” Once Oreo is old enough to travel on her own, she moves the book’s equivalent of the rock, takes the bed socks and the mezuzah, and hops on a train to New York to track down Samuel and give him a piece of her mind.
Oreo’s journey takes her through Six Labors of Theseus. An old man on the subway (Periphetes) tries to beat her with his cane and she steals it from him to use as her walking stick and primary weapon (which will come in handy when she’s fighting the book’s equivalent of Sciron). Oreo is always prepared to defend herself. The reason for this is a letter she received from her mother, Helen, which told her revelation about the cause of women’s oppression throughout history:
I’ve tried to encompass in my theory all the sociological, mythological, religious, philosophical, muscular, economic, cultural, musical, physical, ethical, intellectual, metaphysical, anthropological, gynecological, historical, hormonal, environmental, judicial, legal, moral, ethnic, governmental, linguisitic, psychological, schizophrenic, glottal, racial, poetic, dental, artistic, military, and urinary considerations from prehistoric times to the present. I have been able to synthesize these considerations into one inescapable formulation: men can knock the s*** out of women.
Which is not to say that there aren’t women who can knock the s*** out of men, but as a smaller woman, I can understand Helen’s (Oreo’s mom) sentiment. It’s depressing to think about, and it doesn’t match up with feminism’s aim for women to be equal to men, but it’s hard to argue with. Physical strength is less important now in achieving success and social status than it used to be, but physical strength does give a speaker more presence, something to “back up” whatever one says, at least on the subconscious level of the listener.
In response to this nugget of wisdom, Oreo devised a system of self-defense which she called WIT, or the “Way of Interstitial Thrust”. This is basically attacking an opponent’s weak point (please don’t say “for massive damage”). Armed with WIT, Oreo takes on abusers of all kinds, and, like Theseus, gives them back tit for tat. It seems a bit far-fetched, but it’s appealing enough I’ll happily suspended disbelief. Theseus is said to be the inventor of “scientific wrestling”, or a way of fighting in which a weaker opponent could use strategy to beat a stronger one, so it’s all the more fitting. The Theseus structure takes Oreo through a string of progressively more dangerous enemies, and the culminating fight with Cercyon is brilliant and deserving of a place among the best of picaresque scenes.
Along with WIT being a way for Oreo to defend herself, it’s also a metaphor for one of her key traits. Oreo lives in the interstices between black and Jewish, which could mean that she doesn’t fit in with either community, but in this book, it’s not either or neither, it’s both. Oreo passes between the black and Jewish communities with little fuss. She even passes for an adult when she goes into bars to use the bathroom. After crashing a Tay-Sachs benefit and talking with another teen there, she muses gratefully about how the black side of her kept her from getting Tay-Sachs and the Jewish side kept her from being prone to sickle-cell anemia. The reason she can fit so well into both worlds is due to her wit. Ross writes, “She had her mother’s love of words, their nuance and cadence, their juice and pith, their variety and precision, their rock and wry.” You have to be a witty person to write a witty character, and Fran Ross had wit for days.
There were only a couple of things I didn’t like about this novel. The first is that it doesn’t make a lot sense without background knowledge about the Theseus myth. Some of the plot turns seemed arbitrary the first time I read it through. I really wish it could have stood on its own better. It seems like it was meant to be a style-first novel, though, and I respect that. Second, I stopped looking up the Yiddish phrases after about the third chapter because they seemed like they were only there to add flavor. None of them were punchlines to a joke and none added any important meaning that you would miss by not looking them up.
Third, and this is only something I noticed after realizing how similar Oreo is to Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, a lot of the side characters are overly quirky to the point of being twee and contrived. This doesn’t really bother me like it seems to bother other readers, but it does get boring to read because it feels like the characters get buried under tiny, insignificant descriptions. It makes me think of decora fashion, with its layers of plastic accessories.
The major advantage of Oreo over Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close is that the main character does not fall prey to this like Oskar Schell does. I can’t find anything that says that ELIC is based on the myth of Theseus, but I wouldn’t be surprised. I’m also a little suspicious of how many things Oreo and ELIC have in common:
1. Young, precocious, linguistically gifted protagonists
2. Go on a quest to find their fathers
3. In New York City
4. By looking up names in the phone book and knocking on doors.
5. Both children study martial arts and have a second language (Oreo: Yiddish, Oskar: French)
6. Both books have lots of overly quirky side characters.
7. Both books experiment with form (Oreo doesn’t include pictures, to its credit).
8. Both books play with language and aspire to being literary.
It’s not a copyright case, but it is enough to make you do a double-take. Oreo was released 37 years before ELIC, so it may have been an influence on Foer. The books are different enough in subject and tone that it doesn’t really seem like direct plagiarism. ELIC deals with Asperger’s and 9/11, and Oreo tackles the struggles of African American women. The tones of ELIC and Oreo are like mirror images of each other: Oreo is serious on the outside and comedic at heart, ELIC is comedic on the outside and serious in the middle. I don’t know if I could recommend either without reservations, but there were things I liked about both. I liked Oreo for its blunt humor and ELIC for its inventiveness. If you asked me to choose which protagonist is better, though, I don’t think I could do it. Oreo is a stronger heroine but Oskar is more vulnerable and relatable. Let me know in the comments which one you think is better, or if you know any other books about kids searching for their fathers in New York.
"Oreo has all the hallmarks of a postmodern novel in its avoidance of profundity and its utterly playful spirit. The novel draws no conclusions and the quest leads to no giant revelatory payoffs. The father and his secret about her birth constitute, in the end—and without giving anything away—as absurdist and feminist a send-up of the patriarchal myth as one could hope to find. The novel at every turn embraces ambiguity. Its quest-driven plot is at every step diverted by wordplay and metareferences to itself. It feels in many ways more in line stylistically, aesthetically, with Thomas Pynchon and Kurt Vonnegut than with Sonia Sanchez and Ntzoke Shange, to name two other black female writers of Ross’s time."
At age 11, I wasn't able to grasp the Pynchonesque or Joycean qualities, nor was I really able to see how many levels this quest lives on. I saw the quest only - and I think I understood that it came from mythology, but Theseus? Pfft. What I did see was a girl a bit like myself (though WAY more of a comfortable/proud feminist than I was in the 70s) who knew how using the right language at the right time could allow her/me entrance into the different parts of the world my family inhabited, a hero who taught me I was allowed to go into any of these ghettoized or exalted spaces, no matter what other people might think. Oreo doesn't worry that she "has to" code-switch. She delights in it. She masters it and hence masters every single person and situation with whom she comes into contact. Her entire family is constantly comfortably themselves.
As Senna and Harryette Mullen (who "rediscovered" Oreo and writes the Afterword here) point out, this is a story that is not about realism at all. Ross reclaims the word "Oreo" as she does racial and ethnic slurs, turning them inside out. Making the story of the sad, caught between worlds-accepted by none mixed-race child, wiped out by a sandal wearing, kung-fu fighting heroine.
Oreo is the story of a NON-"tragic mulatto", who feels at home in the world and expects the world to be safe for her. She remains safe through her brilliance and her facility with language, humor, physical being and more -- feeling a part of all society. She's not invisible, she's not passing, she is fully herself in all her glory. Isn't that what any girl should strive for? Maybe that's why my mom bought me the book.
Top reviews from other countries
Part One looks back on memories from Oreo's upbringing. Offbeat situations, family zaniness, etc. Mirthful and sharply captured. Some of the lingo flew over my head but I think I got the gist of it (some of the time).
Part Two follows Oreo in New York city as she searches for her errant father and "the secret of her birth". Because I prefer stories that go places I found this section even better than what came before.
Oreo was published when Ross was 29, so she wrote this in her 20s. Great talent. Pity it didn't get the recognition it deserves during her lifetime.
In the same way as Beatty, Ross looms very large in her novel - it's essentially a monologue from author to reader. Close to stand-up comedy in form, the whole book is a chance for Ross to tell us her jokes and make her points. There is little interest in creating full characters with believable motivations and interior lives.
If that all sounds problematic, I can only add that Ross, like Beatty, is excellent company between the pages. You definitely want to hear what she has to say, and you feel like there is actually -
beneath all the farcical plot twists and ideas and allusions and arch jokes - some heart in this book. Ross herself *was* wanting to say something about empowerment and independence and parents and female survival - even though it's not her style to say this in a traditional novel form.
So if you're looking for another Lessing, avoid. If you're looking for another, (more) feminist Beatty - cop it.







