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The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue
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A critically acclaimed journey back through time in search of the Mother Tongue and the roots of the human family
"Invites the reader to learn and apply the common process used by linguists." —Science News
"This book represents exactly the kind of thinking that is needed to pull historical linguistics out of its twentieth-century doldrums. . . . [W]ithout a doubt, a very readable book, well adapted to its popularizing aim." —LOS Forum
"Believing that doing is learning, Ruhlen encourages his readers to try their hand (and eye) at classifying languages. This exercise helps us appreciate the challenges inherent in this fascinating and controversial science of comparative linguistics." —Booklist
"Ruhlen is a leader in the new attempt to write the unified theory of language development and diffusion." —Library Journal
"A powerful statement [and] also a wonderfully clear exposition of linguistic thinking about prehistory. . . . [Q]uite solid and very well presented." —Anthropological Science
- ISBN-100471159638
- ISBN-13978-0471159636
- PublisherWiley
- Publication dateAugust 15, 1996
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.24 x 0.69 x 9.51 inches
- Print length256 pages
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From the Back Cover
A critically acclaimed journey back through time in search of the Mother Tongue and the roots of the human family
"Invites the reader to learn and apply the common process used by linguists." --Science News
"This book represents exactly the kind of thinking that is needed to pull historical linguistics out of its twentieth-century doldrums. . . . [W]ithout a doubt, a very readable book, well adapted to its popularizing aim." --LOS Forum
"Believing that doing is learning, Ruhlen encourages his readers to try their hand (and eye) at classifying languages. This exercise helps us appreciate the challenges inherent in this fascinating and controversial science of comparative linguistics." --Booklist
"Ruhlen is a leader in the new attempt to write the unified theory of language development and diffusion." --Library Journal
"A powerful statement [and] also a wonderfully clear exposition of linguistic thinking about prehistory. . . . [Q]uite solid and very well presented." --Anthropological Science
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- Publisher : Wiley (August 15, 1996)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0471159638
- ISBN-13 : 978-0471159636
- Item Weight : 12.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 6.24 x 0.69 x 9.51 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #534,323 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #884 in Medical Clinical Psychology
- #924 in Linguistics Reference
- #1,992 in Professional
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Its method is to direct the reader to ‘do this at home’, i.e. to look at a group of words from different languages and infer the families to which these languages might belong. The rhetorical model is to demonstrate to the reader ‘how obvious and easy this is and how commonsensical it is to create a taxonomy through the identification of commonalities’. The attitude is a combative one; people disagree with the author and with some of his illustrious predecessors (Joseph Greenberg, Edward Sapir, e.g.) but their outdated views have been superseded by Greenberg, Sapir, Ruhlen, et al. The latter have not been bedeviled by Indo-European chauvinism and have studied extensively the language families in Africa and the Americas.
Linguistic commonalities are supplemented with genetic information, which very often confirms the makeup of linguistic families. It also includes some information on the development of agriculture and the impact that that might have had on, e.g., migration and concentration of speakers. It all began in Africa, as most now see, and if you’re worried about Indo-European (particularly relevant for English, French, German, etc. speakers) it probably originated in Anatolia. Some potential dates are adduced but this is perforce very tentative since written language began approximately 5,000 years ago and everything before that of a linguistic nature (we do have material culture artefacts, of course) must be inferred and deduced (in Dr. Watson’s sense of the word).
This is, of course, a vast subject and one book can only whet the reader’s appetite for more, but it does whet that appetite. It is written for the general reader, but sometimes the examples given are so extensive that the ‘general reader’ will be tempted to skim.
The book includes a brief bibliography and a set of useful, illustrative maps.
This book is for the lay reader. It offers a small group of words from a group of languages, and asks the reader to compare them. In each case the careful reader will find the intended relationships. Thus "The Origin of Language" guides the cooperative reader to accept the existence of language families, and then, and here's the controversial part, to accept the existence of links between families.
At first I found this infuriating. I was not a cooperative reader. After all, I have always known that there are several major language families and several isolates, each separate from the others. Ruhlen hand-picked words that would make his point. But as I read on, I accepted first that he was making a case that I disagreed with and that was likely wrong. And by the end, my previous thinking had been shaken.
"New Synthesis"
"The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue" falls into a category of scholarship that seems to go by the name "new synthesis." Mutually supporting bits of linguistic, archaeological, genetic, and social evidence are woven together to tell the story of humans leaving Africa and spreading, first along the shores of the Indian Ocean and on to New Guinea and Australia, later to the interior and western parts of Eurasia (and even later to the Americas). Authors including Renfrew and Cavelli-Sforza have written, in their own fields, books which fit into this new synthesis. A nice introduction would be Steve Olsen's "Mapping Human History."
Worth a Look
You may not agree with Merritt Ruhlen's thesis. But if you curious about the origins of language, you should take a look at this short volume. Reject it if you will, but at least you will know what the "lumpers," the single origin people are claiming.
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I also feel that it was necessary to alert the reader to the opposing views which one might find elsewhere, although this was maybe not so elegantly done as it might have been. The connection between language, linguistics and politics is another issue for other books.
This one seems to me a great introduction and walks the difficult line between scientific jargon and readibility very well





