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Original Sin and the Fall: Five Views (Spectrum Multiview Book Series) Paperback – June 30, 2020
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"What is this that you have done?"
Throughout the church's history, Christians have largely agreed that God's good creation of humanity was marred by humanity's sinful rebellion, resulting in our separation from God and requiring divine intervention in the saving work of Christ.
But Christians have disagreed over many particular questions surrounding humanity's fall, including the extent of original sin, the nature of the fall, the question of guilt, how to interpret the narratives from Genesis, and how these questions relate to our understanding of human origins and modern science.
This Spectrum Multiview book presents five views on these questions: Augustinian-Reformed, Moderate Reformed, Wesleyan, Eastern Orthodox, and a Reconceived view. Each contributor offers both an articulation of their own view and responses to the other views in question. The result is a robust reflection on one of the most central―and controversial―tenets of the faith.
Views and Contributors:
- An Augustinian-Reformed View (Hans Madueme, Covenant College)
- A Moderate Reformed View (Oliver Crisp, The University of St. Andrews)
- A Wesleyan View (Joel B. Green, Fuller Theological Seminary)
- An Eastern Orthodox View (Andrew Louth, Durham University)
- A Reconceived View (Tatha Wiley, University of St. Thomas)
Spectrum Multiview Books offer a range of viewpoints on contested topics within Christianity, giving contributors the opportunity to present their position and also respond to others in this dynamic publishing format.
- Print length200 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherIVP Academic
- Publication dateJune 30, 2020
- Dimensions6 x 0.52 x 9 inches
- ISBN-100830852875
- ISBN-13978-0830852871
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"With some of the presentations I identified closely; with others I disagreed strongly. But this is the way a multiview book is supposed to be. Original Sin and the Fall provides a wide spectrum of positions, ranging from Reformed to Eastern Orthodox and beyond, and each of the five authors provides a strong, well-written chapter. This book serves as an excellent survey of the current debate about the doctrine of original sin."
-- Kenneth Keathley, senior professor of theology and director of the L. Russ Bush Center for Faith and Culture, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary"Original sin and original guilt―and along with them the conviction by many in the history of the church that everyone is born destined for damnation―these interconnected ideas (and others that follow) have created a hornet's nest of complexities, exegetical conclusions, and theological musings for this generation. That's all to the good; this is a topic worthy of serious thinking by as many diverse thinkers as we can get in the conference room. Stump and Meister have done us all a wonderful service by their careful selection of representative views, and the level of discussion will pave the way for civil conversations for a long time. This will be a great classroom discussion book, but don't expect to end the class on time!"
-- Scot McKnight, professor of New Testament at Northern Seminary"I found this discussion fascinating as the writers probed and illuminated the mysteries of original sin and the fall from different angles. I came away with a sense that the interlocutors were talking to one another, not just saying their own piece and walking away. This is exactly how a multiview volume should work, modeling charitable yet critical discussion and moving the reader to offer a personal response."
-- Matt Jenson, associate professor of theology, Torrey Honors Institute of Biola University"Usually multiple-views books help us to sort out better and worse articulations of our approaches to especially difficult theological ideas or dogmatic formulations. Every so often, however, what we find is that one truth has many viable explanations and accents that derive from and reflect the catholicity of the church's dynamic theological traditions. Our five contributors here remind us of the rich resources available within the church for understanding the human condition of sinfulness, frailty, and finitude and for empowering theological exploration and inquiry in the third millennium."
-- Amos Yong, professor of theology and mission, and dean of the School of Theology and the School of Intercultural Studies, Fuller Seminary"Why do nice people do terrible things? Sherlock Holmes was on to something when he assured Watson that 'the lowest and vilest alleys of London do not present a more dreadful record of sin than does the smiling and beautiful countryside.' Here are five theological explanations of humanity's perennial predicament, five ways of reading the story of Adam's fall and its consequences. The responses each of the authors gives to the four others are especially helpful in identifying the key talking points as well as respective strengths and weaknesses."
-- Kevin J. Vanhoozer, research professor of systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School"We all believe in the doctrine of original sin, but nobody really knows what it means. As originally developed, it is something of a theological relic; as currently used in popular preaching, it is a placeholder for vague notions of evil. Nobody seems to know what it means, but everybody says it is the only Christian doctrine that is empirically verifiable. It is time to blow the whistle on this ridiculous state of affairs. This volume of essays gives us exactly what we need in these circumstances. We have a clean-cut set of proposals that clear the air and provide a splendid resource for serious engagement with the doctrine of sin in the future. Written with irenic poise, we have here a set of specific, competing options that cry out for extended reflection."
-- William J. Abraham, Outler Professor of Wesley Studies, University Distinguished Teaching Professor, Southern Methodist University, DallasReview
"We all believe in the doctrine of original sin, but nobody really knows what it means. As originally developed, it is something of a theological relic; as currently used in popular preaching, it is a placeholder for vague notions of evil. Nobody seems to know what it means, but everybody says it is the only Christian doctrine that is empirically verifiable. It is time to blow the whistle on this ridiculous state of affairs. This volume of essays gives us exactly what we need in these circumstances. We have a clean-cut set of proposals that clear the air and provide a splendid resource for serious engagement with the doctrine of sin in the future. Written with irenic poise, we have here a set of specific, competing options that cry out for extended reflection."
-- William J. Abraham, Outler Professor of Wesley Studies, University Distinguished Teaching Professor, Southern Methodist University, DallasAbout the Author
J. B. (Jim) Stump (PhD, Boston University) is senior editor at BioLogos, where he oversees the development of new content and curates existing content for the BioLogos website and print materials. He has also been a philosophy professor and academic administrator, and he frequently speaks to churches and other groups on the intersection of science and Christianity. He is the author of Science and Christianity: An Introduction to the Issues, coauthor of Christian Thought: A Historical Introduction and coeditor of How I Changed My Mind About Evolution and The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity.
Chad Meister (PhD, Marquette University) is professor of philosophy and theology at Bethel College in Mishawaka, Indiana. His publications include Evil: A Guide for the Perplexed, Contemporary Philosophical Theology, The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity, and the six-volume work, The History of Evil.
Product details
- Publisher : IVP Academic
- Publication date : June 30, 2020
- Language : English
- Print length : 200 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0830852875
- ISBN-13 : 978-0830852871
- Item Weight : 10.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.52 x 9 inches
- Part of series : Spectrum Multiview
- Best Sellers Rank: #906,252 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #143 in Christian Theological Anthropology
- #343 in Comparative Religion (Books)
- #920 in Hebrew Bible
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

I am Professor of Philosophy and Theology and chair of the Department of Religion and Philosophy at Bethel University in Indiana, USA. I'm a Christian philosopher and most of my books have to do with God or some subject related to God or Christianity. But I also have a deep appreciation for other faith traditions and for thoughtful skeptics, agnostics, and atheists as well. In fact, a number of my books include writings of leading thinkers from the major world religions and from those who deny the reality of God altogether. As I see it, there is tremendous value in the dialogue, and much to learn from those with whom we disagree.
My published books include the following: Evil: A Guide for the Perplexed (2nd edition), Christian Thought: A Historical Introduction (2nd edition), Investigating Philosophy of Religion, The Cambridge Companion to Religious Diversity, The Cambridge Companion to the Problem of Evil, The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity, and The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion (2nd edition). I am General Editor, with Paul Moser, of two book series with Cambridge University Press, one entitled Cambridge Studies in Religion, Philosophy, and Society, and the other entitled Cambridge Elements: Religion and Monotheism. I am also General Editor, with Charles Taliaferro, of the book series with Routledge entitled Investigating Philosophy of Religion, and of the six-volume work, A History of Evil (Routledge)

Jim Stump (J.B. Stump) is vice president of BioLogos and host of the Language of God podcast. He has a bachelors degree in Science Education, and a masters degree (Northern Illinois University, 1995) and PhD (Boston University, 2000) in Philosophy. Jim was a philosophy professor and academic administrator for 17 years before joining BioLogos. He researches and writes in the areas of Christianity, Science, and their intersection. He also frequently speaks to various groups on these topics. Besides these scholarly pursuits, Jim spends time with his wife and kids; he likes music, sports, and reading; and can often be found hiking.
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- Reviewed in the United States on September 24, 2020Format: KindleVerified PurchaseI'll agree with the reviews in the book that each perspective we presented strongly. No position was weakened by less compelling argument. So, it you're looking to understand the wide scope of responses to the original sin question, this is the book.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 28, 2021Format: KindleVerified PurchaseExcellent for reach in this area. The five most commonly held views of Original Sin are discussed.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 14, 2023Format: PaperbackJohn Wesley only wrote one full-length systematic treatise, The Doctrine of Original Sin: According to Scripture, Reason, and Experience (1757). In it he declared without this doctrine “the Christian system falls at once.” That statement would lead one to conclude that there is only one view of original sin within orthodox Christianity. However, Thomas Oden observed, “Few liberal Protestants have ever heard a sermon on original sin, except in the guise of a political appeal against economic injustice or war or racism or social oppression.”
Within this book, however, five views or variations are presented. The Calvinist view holds that there was no animal death before the first human sin. Adam is the biological head of the entire human race and that his first sin condemns all subsequent people.
Oliver Crisp is in basic agreement, but argues that original sin and original guilt must be separated. Arminius made this distinction, but Wesley affirmed original guilt. However, Wesley said we are liable for the guilt of Adam’s first sin due to the unconditional benefits of the atonement. So we end up at the same point, practically speaking.
The third view by Joel Green, is purported to be the Wesleyan view. Green starts with Wesley, but his conclusions do not represent Wesley. After getting off to a good start, Green dismisses the primary texts which support Wesley’s understanding. Green cannot accept Genesis 3 because it does not comport with modern evolutionary biology. Green cannot accept Romans 5:12 because he cannot accept what he thinks it teaches. Therefore, Green concludes that Romans 5 does not address the origin of sin, but the common ground of sin between Jew and Gentiles.
As the Calvinist contributor pointed out, Green does not have an adequate view of biblical authority. He accepts much of evolutionary biology while he tries to demonstrate its consistency with the doctrine of sin. But he glosses over significant areas of conflict and comes out with a doctrine informed primarily by science instead of divine revelation. He concludes that we cannot know for certain how Wesley might have responded had he had the benefit of modern evolutionary biology. Here Green becomes a poster boy for BioLogos, of which editor J. B. Stump is vice-president. Apparently they are willing to discard the doctrine of original sin if it implies a historical Adam as the biological father of the human race.
As a Wesleyan I find it embarrassing that the Calvinist contributor suggests that Green could have done a better job had even adopted a premise of limited inerrancy — although that position has its own insuperable problems. As it stands, Green ends up not knowing anything for sure, but thankful to have been reared in the Wesleyan-Methodist world.
Eastern Orthodoxy does not accept original sin. However, they believe there was a fall and death resulted from that ancestral sin. We are born into a web of sin which has accumulated and we need deification. But we are not born with a sinful nature. This seems to be very nearly what Pelgius taught except perhaps for the Eastern concept of theosis.
The fifth and final position simply states that original sin is the failure to love properly. This “reconceived view” is basically psychological and in line with some contemporary Nazarene theologians are now saying. In fairness, however, Kenneth Grider and Sam Powell are Nazarene theologians who clearly affirm a doctrine of original sin.
Kenneth Collins explained “a weak doctrine of original sin could only result in an equally weak doctrine of the new birth. For if the extensiveness of the problem was relinquished or soft-pedaled, the radical nature of the solution would be lost as well.” Since we were born in sin, we must be born again. Oden explained, “A high doctrine of original sin is the premise and companion of a high doctrine of grace.” Unfortunately, many of the best “evangelical” scholars are not very sure of anything.
- Reviewed in the United States on July 28, 2020Format: KindleHow do we make sense of the Christian doctrine or original sin? How do we understand the fall? How is guilt transmitted from one generation to the next, if it is at all? How are we to understand Genesis, and what is the interplay between faith and modern science?
I enjoy the Spectrum Multiview Series. I enjoyed this installment. The contributors are Hans Madueme, Oliver Crisp, Joel Green, Andrew Louth, and Tatha Wiley. Their viewpoints are described, in corresponding order, as Augustinian-Reformed, Moderate Reformed, Wesleyan, Eastern Orthodox, and Reconceived. Madueme's view is the most traditional, or conservative, and Wiley represents the most modern or progressive presentation. The initial essays arguing each position, as well as the response essays, are excellent.
I find myself closest to Crisp's view, with slight modifications. But I like to understand other viewpoints, while sharpening my own. If you are trying to understand the doctrine of original sin and the fall, and are thinking critically about how those doctrines are to be taught, preached, and applied today, consider this book.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 17, 2020Format: PaperbackI just finished reading “Original Sin and the Fall: Five Views”. Each of the following 5 views by 5 authors has an in-depth essay plus feedback/responses from the other 4 authors.
1) An Augustinian-Reformed View
2) A Moderate Reformed View
3) A Wesleyan View
4) An Eastern Orthodox View
5) A Reconceived View (Catholic)
The book is academic and requires a good amount of context. I did enjoy learning about the different positions and think this would be helpful for seminary students and academic types interested in this topic. Personally, I wish it were more accessible, but I appreciate reading the various perspectives.





