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Overthrow Paperback – February 6, 2007

4.6 out of 5 stars 1,075 ratings

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Stephen Kinzer's Overthrow provides a fast-paced narrative history of the coups, revolutions, and invasions by which the United States has toppled fourteen foreign governments -- not always to its own benefit

"Regime change" did not begin with the administration of George W. Bush, but has been an integral part of U.S. foreign policy for more than one hundred years. Starting with the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 and continuing through the Spanish-American War and the Cold War and into our own time, the United States has not hesitated to overthrow governments that stood in the way of its political and economic goals. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 is the latest, though perhaps not the last, example of the dangers inherent in these operations.

In
Overthrow, Stephen Kinzer tells the stories of the audacious politicians, spies, military commanders, and business executives who took it upon themselves to depose monarchs, presidents, and prime ministers. He also shows that the U.S. government has often pursued these operations without understanding the countries involved; as a result, many of them have had disastrous long-term consequences.

In a compelling and provocative history that takes readers to fourteen countries, including Cuba, Iran, South Vietnam, Chile, and Iraq, Kinzer surveys modern American history from a new and often surprising perspective.

"Detailed, passionate and convincing . . . [with] the pace and grip of a good thriller." -- Anatol Lieven,
The New York Times Book Review

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Citizens concerned about foreign affairs must read this book. Stephen Kinzer's crisp and thoughtful Overthrow undermines the myth of national innocence. Quite the contrary: history shows the United States as an interventionist busybody directed at regime change. We deposed fourteen foreign governments in hardly more than a century, some for good reasons, more for bad reasons, with most dubious long-term consequences.” ―Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.

“Stephen Kinzer has a grim message for those critics of the Iraqi war who believe George W. Bush to be America’s most misguided, uninformed, and reckless president. Bush has had plenty of company in the past century―presidents who believe that America, as Kinzer tells us, has the right to wage war wherever it deems war necessary.” ―Seymour M. Hersh

“Stephen Kinzer’s book is a jewel. After reading Overthrow, no American -- not even President Bush -- should any longer wonder ‘why they hate us.’ Overthrow is a narrative of all the times we’ve overthrown a foreign government in order to put in power puppets that are obedient to us. It is a tale of imperialism American-style, usually in the service of corporate interests, and as Kinzer points out, ‘No nation in modern history has done this so often, in so many places so far from its own shores.’ ” ―Chalmers Johnson

About the Author

Stephen Kinzer is the author of many books, including The True Flag, The Brothers, Overthrow, and All the Shah’s Men. An award-winning foreign correspondent, he served as the New York Times bureau chief in Nicaragua, Germany, and Turkey. He is a senior fellow at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University, and writes a world affairs column for the Boston Globe. He lives in Boston.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ 0805082409
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Times Books
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ February 6, 2007
  • Edition ‏ : ‎ First Edition
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 414 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780805082401
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0805082401
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.45 x 0.7 x 8.2 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.6 out of 5 stars 1,075 ratings

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Stephen Kinzer
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Stephen Kinzer is an award-winning foreign correspondent who has covered more than 50 countries on five continents. His articles and books have led the Washington Post to place him “among the best in popular foreign policy storytelling.”

Kinzer spent more than 20 years working for the New York Times, most of it as a foreign correspondent. His foreign postings placed him at the center of historic events and, at times, in the line of fire. While covering world events, he has been shot at, jailed, beaten by police, tear-gassed and bombed from the air.

Today Kinzer is a senior fellow at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University. He writes a world affairs column for The Boston Globe.

Kinzer’s new book, The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain and the Birth of American Empire, builds on his career watching the effects of American interventions around the world.

From 1983 to 1989, Kinzer was the Times bureau chief in Nicaragua. In that post he covered war and upheaval in Central America. He also wrote two books about the region. One of them, co-authored with Stephen Schlesinger, is Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala.” The other one, Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua, is a social and political portrait that The New Yorker called “impressive for the refinement of its writing and also the breadth of its subject matter.” In 1988 Columbia University awarded Kinzer its Maria Moors Cabot prize for outstanding coverage of Latin America.

From 1990 to 1996 Kinzer was posted in Germany. From his post as chief of the New York Times bureau in Berlin, he covered the emergence of post-Communist Europe, including wars in the former Yugoslavia.

In 1996 Kinzer was named chief of the newly opened New York Times bureau in Istanbul, Turkey. He spent four years there, traveling widely in Turkey and in the new nations of Central Asia and the Caucasus. After completing this assignment, Kinzer published Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds.

He has also worked in Africa, and written A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It. Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa called this book “a fascinating account of a near-miracle unfolding before our very eyes.”

Kinzer’s last book was The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War. The novelist John le Carré called it “a secret history, enriched and calmly retold; a shocking account of the misuse of American corporate, political and media power; a shaming reflection on the moral manners of post imperial Europe; and an essential allegory for our own times.”

Kinzer’s previous book was Reset: Iran, Turkey, and America’s Future “Stephen Kinzer is a journalist of a certain cheeky fearlessness and exquisite timing,” the Huffington Post said in its review. “This book is a bold exercise in reimagining the United States’ big links in the Middle East.”

In 2006 Kinzer published Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. It recounts the 14 times the United States has overthrown foreign governments. Kinzer seeks to explain why these interventions were carried out and what their long-term effects have been. He is also the author of All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror.” It tells how the CIA overthrew Iran’s nationalist government in 1953.

In 2009, Dominican University in River Forest, Illinois, awarded Kinzer an honorary doctorate. The citation said that “those of us who have had the pleasure of hearing his lectures or talking to him informally will probably never see the world in the same way again.”

The University of Scranton awarded Kinzer an honorary doctorate in 2010. “Where there has been turmoil in the world and history has shifted, Stephen Kinzer has been there,” the citation said. “Neither bullets, bombs nor beating could dull his sharp determination to bring injustice and strife to light.”

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4.6 out of 5 stars
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Customers say

Customers find the book enlightening, describing it as a carefully researched study that provides a great summary of American history. Moreover, they consider it a must-read for Americans, praising its readability and writing quality. However, the historical accuracy receives mixed reviews, with some customers appreciating its rich historiography while others express concerns about the author's grasp of history.

100 customers mention "Enlightenedness"97 positive3 negative

Customers find the book very informative and enlightening, praising its careful research and compelling detail in providing a summary of American history.

"...This book describes in shocking detail the fourteen times our country has overthrown legitimate governments – some duly elected – around the world...." Read more

"...The author presented great detail and explanation as well as the author's summary of events...." Read more

"...Some wonderful asides - for example, the replication of the John Foster Dulles study on a Texas campus, pickled for posterity - add great color...." Read more

"...A good companion work to Kinzer's 'The Brothers', about the demonic duo of John Foster and Allen Dulles, who were given a remit by Eisenhower to do..." Read more

96 customers mention "Readability"96 positive0 negative

Customers find the book highly readable, describing it as an excellent and essential read for all Americans, with one customer noting they feel smarter after reading it.

"...So, yes this book is worth reading. I very much enjoy this author's writings and literary style. His research is phenomenal...." Read more

"...comments here except that Kinzer writes very well, making the read fascinating and factually solid. Other points:..." Read more

"...The wait has been worth it. "..." Read more

"...Overall, a great book that should be required reading...." Read more

42 customers mention "Writing quality"36 positive6 negative

Customers find the book well written and easy to read, with one customer noting how the author masterfully threads together the narrative pattern.

"...The author presented great detail and explanation as well as the author's summary of events...." Read more

"I will not repeat the many excellent comments here except that Kinzer writes very well, making the read fascinating and factually solid...." Read more

"Kinzer has compiled an easy to read summary of some of the worst interventions initiated by US administrations in the politics of nations to be..." Read more

"...Yet, "O" well-written and well-researched. It is easy and fast reading with a boredom quotient of near zero...." Read more

49 customers mention "Historical accuracy"30 positive19 negative

Customers have mixed opinions about the historical accuracy of the book, with some praising its rich historiography and interesting stories, while others express concerns about the author's poor grasp of history.

"...I very much enjoy this author's writings and literary style. His research is phenomenal. I have read at least five of his books thus far." Read more

"...This war was one of the worst episodes in Filipino history. Filipinos were denied their independence until 1946...." Read more

"...Kinzer is a great story teller, inviting his reader to pull up a chair and watch the drama and intrigue unfold at close range - all the better to be..." Read more

"...As for how believable he is, the author provides extensive historical detail, including quotes from declassified government communications and..." Read more

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Substantively, this is a great book, very insightful and superbly written. However, my copy is missing pages 296 to 303.
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on July 22, 2017
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Most Americans are outraged by Russian interference in our 2016 election. That’s because we hold dear our right to self-determination without another country determining the outcome. On the other hand, the USA has a long history of not showing the same kind of respect for the self-determination of other nations that we expect for ourselves. This book describes in shocking detail the fourteen times our country has overthrown legitimate governments – some duly elected – around the world. This is not dry history, however; Kinzer’s retelling reads like a suspense novel.

    The first instance came in 1893 when the American ambassador in Hawaii conspired with American planters to overthrow the native government of Queen Liliuokalani. It took 100 years for the U.S. government to recognize the error of its ways. A resolution passed Congress and signed by President Clinton in 1993 states that Congress, “apologizes to native Hawaiians on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom on Jan. 17, 1893,” and for the subsequent “deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination.”

    Unfortunately, there has been no similar apology to the peoples of Iran, Cuba, the Philippines, Nicaragua, Guatamala, Vietnam and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is the 50th state. If Puerto Rico ever becomes the 51st, perhaps then another apology will be forthcoming.
    Following Hawaii, the second overthrow came at the end of the Spanish-American War, when the McKinley administration decided to take control of several Spanish colonies, instead of liberating them to govern themselves. The “consent of the governed” did not matter to most Americans when it came to Cubans, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.

    Before Congress agreed to declare war on Spain, the Teller Amendment had to be added to gain sufficient support. That Amendment declares that “the people of the island of Cuba are, and of right ought to be, free and independent. The United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island.” Once the war ends. the USA intends “to leave the government and control of the island to its people.”

    Cuban rebels had been actively fighting Spanish rule three years, and they expected to gain their promised independence fighting alongside the Americans. Nonetheless, the Teller Amendment was quickly discarded at the end of the war as McKinley announced that the USA would rule Cuba.

    The new policy was embodied in the Platt Amendment of 1901, “a crucial document in the history of American foreign policy,” because versions of “plattismo” were subsequently applied to many nations in Central America and the Caribbean. Under this Amendment, which was adopted with only Republican votes, the USA agreed to end its occupation of Cuba as soon as Cubans accepted a constitution giving the U.S. the rights to maintain military bases, to supervise the treasury, and “the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence or the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of property and individual liberty.”

    Cubans weren’t the only Latin Americans denied self-determination. Similar domination happened to Nicaragua and Honduras, initially to protect the monopolies of a handful of American banana corporations. This interference led to generations of dictators, conflict and death. To this day, Honduras has the world’s highest murder rate, in part due to American policies.

    The greatest tragedy happened to the Philippines. The Filipino guerilla leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, understood that his people were promised their independence by Admiral Dewey, who later swore he made no such commitment. The USA paid $20 million to Spain for the islands. Meanwhile, the rebels had elected an assembly, produced a constitution, and proclaimed the independent Republic of the Philippines in 1899, with Aguinaldo as president. The new government was determined to defend its independence. McKinley had other plans.

    The war to suppress Philippine independence lasted three years and led to tens of thousands of deaths. Recent estimates put the total at 250,000. U.S. troops used torture and massacre of civilians suspected of aiding the guerillas. The New York Post wrote that American troops “have been pursuing a policy of wholesale and deliberate murder.” This war was one of the worst episodes in Filipino history. Filipinos were denied their independence until 1946.

    The first CIA overthrow of a foreign government was in Iran in 1953. The second came the following year in Guatamala. Both countries had democratically elected governments, and both were forcibly replaced by dictators – the Shah in one, and a former army officer in the other. The long-term effects were tragic.

    The next target for overthrow was in 1963 when JFK decided to remove the Diem regime that the USA had installed in South Vietnam. A friend of America, Diem was murdered and the war was lost anyway.

    Chile was the next target. The CIA had interfered in elections there since 1964 to prevent a socialist from winning. After Salvador Allende won, the CIA fomented his overthrow in 1973, installing a brutal dictator, Gen. Pinochet.

    Other targets were the governments in Grenada in 1983, Panama in 1989, and Iraq in 2003. Kinzer compares George W. Bush to William McKinley: both believed they were morally justified, and neither anticipated the deadly insurgencies that followed in the Philippines and in Iraq.

    “Do as I say, not as I do,” isn’t persuasive for children, much less to the rest of the world. American officials frequently assert the right to intervene militarily or otherwise whenever and where ever it is deemed in the American interest to do so, even to protect the interest of American corporations. “In almost every case,” writes Kinzer, “overthrowing the government of a foreign country, has, in the end, led both that country and the United States to grief.” Consequently, Americans should recognize the sources of anti-American resentment, and be less hypocritical in denouncing other nations who follow our example. If it’s wrong for others, then by what principle of international law is it justified when we do it? ###
    77 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 31, 2025
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    Should be required for high school (good for beyond as well). The US educational system is lacking to say the least and news and politicians are full of propaganda and lies.
  • Reviewed in the United States on May 22, 2025
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    This is a fascinating book about all the countries the US has overthrown beginning with Alaska and ending with Iraq. The only reason I didn't give this book a five star rating is because the reader may become exhausted over the repetition. By repetition I'm referring to how our country has minimized other countries beliefs and by covert operations or invasion, destroyed relationships. One may become weary to the point of thinking, oh no not again! The author presented great detail and explanation as well as the author's summary of events. So, I'm not blaming the author, I'm blaming our country.

    We have entered into covert operations over threats by foreign countries, or more accuratly, perceived threats, to outright miss reading the tea leaves. And every other reason one can think of such as transportation, lumber, bananas, Pepsi and of course oil, to name a few. We have invaded because of poor intelligence or perhaps just to show the world how strong we may be.

    The only element we have been consistent in; is how we left these countries. Usually destroyed and defenseless from the internal parasites that pop their heads up once we leave. We have succeeded in leaving these countries, at best, only a bit better for a short time. Now they have no infrastructure, no single governing body and opportunities for those wishing to rob the country of resources and a sustainable economy.

    So, yes this book is worth reading. I very much enjoy this author's writings and literary style. His research is phenomenal. I have read at least five of his books thus far.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on October 16, 2006
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    I will not repeat the many excellent comments here except that Kinzer writes very well, making the read fascinating and factually solid. Other points:

    I think Kinzer made it fairly clear that the deposed leaders were not necessarily great or without flaws. The point is that when we went into these countries and replaced their democratically elected leaders with our puppet leaders, most of them turned out to be difficult to overthrow despots and tyrants. This left the fledgling democracies no chance to learn whether that elected official was good or bad, and gain more experience and time to develop their political parties and election processes. Instead, it repeatedly developed an environment where the only groups that could overthrow those puppets were fanatics and zealots, who grew out of the resentment of the American interference and the suffering of the country under quasi American rule. Besides, who are we to point fingers at the less than perfect elected leaders of other countries?

    The economic aspects of the overthrows were clearly an essential part of the pattern. However Kinzer stresses that the politicians had their own geo-political reasons for stepping in - often using the nationalization of companies as an excuse to hide their motives. The nationalization process is often misunderstood and Kinzer did a very good job of pointing out this rarely had much to do with anything but mild socialism. Instead, it was a response to the centuries of imperialism that allowed developed countries to take over so much of the underdeveloped world - almost exclusively those that had valuable resources to develop. During that phase, many companies became international power houses by developing those resources and selling them - with minimal compensation to the country whose economic futures were being plundered. Iran in '53 was looking at the incredible profits of the companies who developed the oil industries, yet hardly met their agreed payments to the country for being allowed to get rich off the resources they were given access to.

    This is still happening with globalization. Multinational corporations go into small countries with some agreement to have access to the resources, including cheap labor, and few restrictions on how they treat the employees, environment or invest some of the profit money in the country to help it gain it's own economic footing. It has been mentioned that countries operate on their own self-interest. They have reason to operate on enlightened self interest and do so far more than the corporations. Many figured this out and have formed coalitions to fight it.

    This book is important information Americans need to understand, in order to grasp the foreign policy deceptions that have been foisted on us by our government and the high profit media. James Pfiffner, professor of poli-sci at George Mason Univ, addressed presidential lying in a `99 essay (Presidential Studies Quarterly). He identified a hierarchy of presidential lying, some of which he considers justifiable:

    -Lying about personal matters that do not affect national policy or security. [Duh?]
    -Lying to foreign governments can be a necessary element of diplomacy.
    -Lying about matters of national security (Eisenhower denying U-2 flights over USSR)

    National security is where Pfiffner finds the worst errors because they are "lies of policy deception". The president says he is doing one thing, while in fact, the military, CIA, NSA or other agencies are doing something else. This is where he nails the issue for me:

    These lies are inexcusable because they deceive "the public about the direction of government policy" and deny voters the opportunity "to make an informed choice [which] undermines the premise of the democratic process". His examples are Johnson's escalation of the VN war and the Gulf of Tonkin deceptions. Nixon's secret bombing of Cambodia (14 months), and Reagan's lies about Iran/Contra.

    We need to develop the awareness in American voters about what has been done in our names, with our tax money; while being deceived about the real reasons - or even that we were doing it covertly- so we could not vote or contact our representatives. A variation of taxation without representation, let alone ignoring the grassroots American conviction that we don't support interfering with other countries governments.

    Kinzer's book is an excellent text for this enlightenment. I also consider it essential for dissemination on a much wider scale.
    12 people found this helpful
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  • D Sandy
    5.0 out of 5 stars Exposai
    Reviewed in Canada on December 30, 2024
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    Exposes the US as the worlds biggest war monger nation and it didn't start with the overthrow of Hawaii.
  • marina del kwi
    5.0 out of 5 stars Excavating `the Divide/Rule-Based-International-Order‘
    Reviewed in Japan on September 18, 2023
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    イラク戦争が泥沼化した中、ネオコン主導のブッシュ政権の暴走ぶりが例外的なものでなく過去から連綿とつながる際限のない利益追求を正当化する神憑りのイデオロギー(信仰)に基付くものであることを事例をもって示した作品。様々な視点から多くの著作がなされた主題であり、個別のケース、さらには諜報機関、国際資本、ネオリベラリズム、メディアの役割等特定のテーマについて関心を持つ読者には物足りなさを感じさせる点があるだろうが、あの国の海外覇権主義のエトス、その誕生から21世紀初頭に至るまでの変遷を理解するうえではよくまとまった書物だと思う。

    19世紀末の黎明期から謀略の冷戦期、冷戦終結前後の直接軍事介入期に大別して数多の例からとり挙げられた代表的な14か国。個別ケースの背景にあった議論、主要人物による政策決定、行動の過程が有機的つながりを持って語られる。国境の南から日々押し寄せる多くの難民に自分たちの税金が食い潰されるとご立腹のアメリカの皆様にこそ本書を読んでその原因を知っていただきたいが。

    興味を引くのは、一般に海外膨張主義の端緒とされている米西戦争によるキューバ、フィリピンへの侵略の直前に起こったハワイ併合の意義を強調している点。僅か百年余り前、(奴隷制度の存廃をめぐっての利害対立等の経済的側面は矮小化し)宗主国の圧政から自らの力で独立を勝ち取った民主主義国家の鑑と自らを美化してきた建国神話(American Revolution)の文脈上、一握りの入植者が自らの利権保護のために転覆した有色人種ばかりの西太平洋上の小さな島国を公式に併合するという行為には当初躊躇していた本国政府。

    広大な中国市場への進出を見据え、太平洋支配の拠点としての重要性を見直した結果によるハワイ併合とキューバへの侵略を開始した5年後の1898年こそ、それまでの建前上の制約から自らを解放し、今後は、入植以来培ってきた、先住民から土地、資源を奪い黒人奴隷等の低コスト労働により経済発展を遂げるという実質的植民地経営の経験を活かし、強い国軍を育成しつつ、国益拡大のため海外のフロンティアに進出し、ひいては文明から取り残された原住民たちにもAmerican Experimentから得られた崇高な価値観を布教してやろう(white man's burden)というパターナリズムをもった新興帝国主義国家元年であったことがわかる。他国からすれば南北アメリカ大陸は自分の縄張りと宣言したMonroe Doctrineの1823と共に1776や1865より大きな意味を持つ年となる。

    背景には、建国以来の西へ西へという北米での開拓が一段落し農工業生産が急拡大した結果需給ギャップによる国内不況に直面し、新たな可能性を海外に求めざるを得なくなったという資本主義発展上の必然性、南北戦争の後遺症による国内の分断を外敵を利用して緩和したいという政治的意図、そして根底には対メキシコ戦争や1830 Indian Removal Actに基づいて先住民から肥沃な土地を取り上げ未開の荒野に追いやったあげく、その地に石油等の資源が発見されるとそれまでの約束を反故にし更に不毛の地に追いやるという事実に代表される、我こそが神に選ばれし民であるというexceptionalismと非白人への蔑視racismという下地があったことが指摘されている。

    その後、目的が覇権又は市場拡大か、資源確保か、はたまた地政学上の拠点確保かを問わず、地球上にある貴重な資源を最も効率的に利用すべく天命を受けたのは我々(manifest destiny)であり、その場所に偶々居住している民族のsovereignty、彼らとの協定、約束は無視しても何らモラル上の問題は無い、という17世紀初頭の Virginia Company設立に始まる資本主義 とPlymouth入植時にまで遡れる選民思想が融合した根本理念は政権、党派、国内政策での対立、いわゆるリベラルか保守かの違いを問わず現在にいたるまで首尾一貫している。

    1898年の政策決定に大きな力を与えた3人の政治家のうちTheodore RooseveltとHenry Cabot Lodgeのそれぞれの孫が 半世紀後の米ソ冷戦期にイラン、グアテマラにおける進歩的な改革を目指す現地政権転覆の為に、現在でもお馴染みのメディア、諜報機関、地場の反動勢力を利用する謀略のフォーミュラを生み出し主要な役割を担ったのは興味深い。(Rooseveltを含め、本書に登場する大統領2名、国務長官1名、さらに本著後に北アフリカで次々と政権転覆に成功したあの演説が上手な大統領もノーベル平和賞を受賞している。)この2名、さらに2人の孫ともHarvardの卒業生だが、その他本書の登場人物の多くも同校を含む東部名門大学の関係者、名家の出身。ウオール街中枢の法律事務所Sullivan & Cromwell が果たした役割、さらに旧宗主国の悪名高い植民地主義者が創設した奨学生制度に選抜されOxfordで学んだ経験者たちが高く評価され政治、外交の中枢に重用されてきた事実を重ね合わせると、海外介入主義こそ、この国のエスタブリッシュメントが凋落する大英帝国から継承した北大西洋を世界の頂点とする正統教義orthodoxyであることが分かる。

    「民主主義を守る」、「テロとの戦い」、「人権救済」というマーケティング上のお題目の下、民主的プロセスを経て選出され自国民の権益を守ろうとする現地の政権、なかには米国神話を理想とする指導者をも独裁者(肌の色は問わずターゲットにする国の指導者をHitler、傀儡政権のリーダーをChurchill、介入に慎重な国内勢力をChamberlainに例えると国民が思考停止になるのは面白い)と非難したうえ軍事クーデター、直接介入、はたまた経済制裁を通じて転覆したうえでの非民主的傀儡政権の樹立。インフラを破壊し多くの死者、難民を生み出し、結果的に残るのは瓦礫の山と圧政による現地国民の被害のみという、第三者から見れば大きな矛盾も分断統治という観点からすれば彼らにとっては何ら問題ではないことが理解できる。

    著者はグアテマラ、イランでの政権転覆がその後のキューバでの社会主義革命、イランイスラム革命をもたらしたという結果をもって、現場の声を無視した政府中枢に於ける冷戦思考に凝り固まったgroup thinkによる判断ミス、誤算の例としているが、その決断が単なる戦略ではなく天命によるものという信仰に根差したものであると考えれば、Dulles等政策責任者にとっては自らに非は無く問題はそれを受け入れない相手方にあるという理解だろう。よって、これら屈従しない異教徒、異端者に対する制裁は苛烈なものにならざるを得ない。一方で、ハワイのように思惑通り改宗に成功し表面上は民主主義体制に組み込まれ若干の経済的恩恵に浴することになっても著者が言うように結果オーライではなく、強制的に政権転覆を受けsovereigntyを奪われた側の国民にとっては災難であることに変わりはない。

    直接的軍事介入による自国兵士の人的損害に対する世論の批判が高まったイラク戦争(ただし、介入そのものについては国連安保理での虚偽報告を含めて誰ひとり国内外から明確な責任を問われることはなかったが、)以降、対外介入政策は従来の軍産複合体と諜報機関に高等教育機関、エンタテイメント業界、人権NGO、国際機関、同盟国、相手国の司法機関を巻き込んだソフトパワーも駆使し、より組織化され、巧妙かつ大胆な形で覇権維持のため海外政権転覆活動(hybrid war)に邁進している。更には国内産業の空洞化により戦争産業が国家経済に占める相対的影響力は高まり、最大の公共事業として雇用の観点からも反対できる政治家は存在できなくなった。

    米西戦争の発端となったメイン号事件を煽ったのはイエロージャーナリズムといわれたハースト系の新聞だが、90年代の規制緩和による既存メディアの集約、寡占化により米国のメディアと政府の関係も日本の状況(client journalism)と酷似してきた。かつてこの国のいわゆる進歩的知識人の皆さんがリベラル派として信奉し拠り所としてきたあの欧州の公共放送や通信社も、東海岸の新聞社も、Noam Chomskyいうところの consent manufacturerであることがあからさまになってきた。

    加えて巨大インターネットプラットフォームの出現を通じて新旧メディアによる世論コントロールは、より深く直接的なものになり、正統教義に従わない異端者の声を表舞台から排除している。結果として一般大衆、さらにかつては存在した反戦平和勢力の間でも海外介入主義や自らの moral superiorityそのものに対する疑問や批判の声は少なくとも大手メディアの中ではほとんど聞かれなくなった。

    世界が多極化に向かい目まぐるしい動きを見せているにもかかわらず、お膝元では既に過半数の市民の信頼を失った欧米主要メデイアのナラテイヴ、その周回遅れの翻訳版に完全に依拠しているこの国の新聞やテレビニュースの情報バブルの中にいるこの国の一般市民も個別の刺激的なヘッドラインに振り回されず世界情勢の裏側を理解すべきだと改めて教えてくれる。更に他人事ではなく、この国を含む東アジアの戦後政治史の様々な転換点に起こった検察が主導しリークを受けたマスコミが喧伝する不可解な事件による独自の政策を志向する政治家の失墜劇の背景、既得権益の最大の受益者である世襲政治家が「改革」の旗手ともてはやされ長期政権を全うする怪、及び今後身近でおそらく起こり、巻き込まれるであろう事象についても深く考えさせてくれる著作だと思う。
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  • Rosendo J. Escalante-Ilizaliturri
    5.0 out of 5 stars Imparcial
    Reviewed in Mexico on June 14, 2022
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    He iniciado su lectura, y hasta este momento lo encuentro imparcial
  • Gary Hambleton
    5.0 out of 5 stars Stunning, shocking expose of America's dark side
    Reviewed in Spain on September 1, 2023
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Kinzer has probed the many instances of US/CIA/Military involvements in overthrowing democratically elected leaders around the world because they didn't like their politics or their desire to own their own natural resources.
  • Marilyn Mortimore
    5.0 out of 5 stars easy to read and understand
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 21, 2017
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Very well written, easy to read and understand. Reads like a fictional work except that it's true. Wish someone would put those people in gaol and throw away the key. Wicked, greedy and American. Now after a hundred or more years doing it one way, they're changing gear to TTIP and TPAC etc to achieve even more control and wealth. Lock em up before they ruin the world - again!

    Problem is that greedy and corrupt politicians around the world - not singling out the UK but...? can't resist taking bribes from these people either in monetary form or more typically in fat paid jobs after politics?

    By the way, I love this book. Well done Stephen Kinzer.