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The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West Hardcover – Deckle Edge, May 7, 2019
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As part of the Treaty of Paris, in which Great Britain recognized the new United States of America, Britain ceded the land that comprised the immense Northwest Territory, a wilderness empire northwest of the Ohio River containing the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. A Massachusetts minister named Manasseh Cutler was instrumental in opening this vast territory to veterans of the Revolutionary War and their families for settlement. Included in the Northwest Ordinance were three remarkable conditions: freedom of religion, free universal education, and most importantly, the prohibition of slavery. In 1788 the first band of pioneers set out from New England for the Northwest Territory under the leadership of Revolutionary War veteran General Rufus Putnam. They settled in what is now Marietta on the banks of the Ohio River.
McCullough tells the story through five major characters: Cutler and Putnam; Cutler’s son Ephraim; and two other men, one a carpenter turned architect, and the other a physician who became a prominent pioneer in American science. They and their families created a town in a primeval wilderness, while coping with such frontier realities as floods, fires, wolves and bears, no roads or bridges, no guarantees of any sort, all the while negotiating a contentious and sometimes hostile relationship with the native people. Like so many of McCullough’s subjects, they let no obstacle deter or defeat them.
Drawn in great part from a rare and all-but-unknown collection of diaries and letters by the key figures, The Pioneers is a uniquely American story of people whose ambition and courage led them to remarkable accomplishments. This is a revelatory and quintessentially American story, written with David McCullough’s signature narrative energy.
- Print length352 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherSimon & Schuster
- Publication dateMay 7, 2019
- Dimensions9.25 x 6.25 x 9.25 inches
- ISBN-101501168681
- ISBN-13978-1501168680
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“David McCullough has become perhaps our best-loved chronicler of America’s past. . . . The Pioneers is the account not just of one Ohio settlement but of myriad such places across America, where innumerable immigrants (as the settlers were known) came to make a fresh start in a strange land. It is a story as resonant today as ever.” -- Gerard Helferich ― The Wall Street Journal
“McCullough is among the most thoughtful and thorough historians of the past two generations. . . . [A] great American mind.” -- John S. Gardner ― The Guardian
"McCullough is a master of research along with being a wonderful storyteller. He takes the history of the area and turns what could be dry and dull into vibrant and compelling tales. . . . Lovers of history told well know that McCullough is one of the best writers of our past, and his latest will only add to his acclaim." -- Jeff Ayers ― Associated Press
"To read The Pioneers is to understand that the settlement of the Northwest Territory was, in some ways, a second phase of the American Revolution – a messy experiment, touched by high ideals and bitter conflicts, that still resonates in ways we’re only beginning to grasp."
-- Danny Heitman ― Christian Science Monitor
“Like McCullough's other books, The Pioneers succeeds because of the author's strength as a storyteller. The book reads like a novel, with a cast of fascinating characters that the average reader isn't likely to know about. . . . A worthy addition to McCullough's impressive body of work.” -- Michael Schaub ― NPR.org
"Readers will immediately recognize that storytelling is one of Mr. McCullough’s great literary strengths. He consistently produces engaging prose about a particular period of time, and makes history come alive."
-- Michael Taube ― The Washington Times
"A lively history of the Ohio River region in the years between the Revolution and the Civil War. . . . [McCullough's] narrative abounds with well-recognized figures in American history—John Quincy Adams, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Johnny Appleseed—while highlighting lesser-known players. . . . Vintage McCullough and a book that students of American history will find captivating." ― Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
“In his usual revealing style, McCullough has crafted another dynamic volume of American history. With clarity and incisiveness, he details the experience of a brave and broad-minded band of people who crossed raging rivers, chopped down forests, plowed miles of land, suffered incalculable hardships and braved a lonely frontier to forge a new American ideal. They were indeed the pioneers."
-- Dave Kindy ― The Providence Journal
About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Product details
- Publisher : Simon & Schuster; First Edition (May 7, 2019)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 352 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1501168681
- ISBN-13 : 978-1501168680
- Item Weight : 1.49 pounds
- Dimensions : 9.25 x 6.25 x 9.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #27,749 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #43 in U.S. Revolution & Founding History
- #216 in U.S. State & Local History
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

David McCullough has twice received the Pulitzer Prize, for Truman and John Adams, and twice received the National Book Award, for The Path Between the Seas and Mornings on Horseback; His other widely praised books are 1776, Brave Companions, The Great Bridge, and The Johnstown Flood. He has been honored with the National Book Foundation Distinguished Contribution to American Letters Award, the National Humanities Medal, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 30, 2019
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After the initial reading, you may be tempted to rush out excitedly, proclaim from the rooftops, or exclaim to the first person you meet,
"I must have missed that vital chapter in American history."
Once upon a time, I remember having read portions of the Oklahoma state history book our teacher handed out in Civics class. It may not have been the same history book eighth graders in Ohio had to read, but similar.
"What is the difference between history and historical fiction?" you may wonder, abruptly changing the subject.
You know you're reading history when the facts you receive come at you with deadly accurate dates specifying day, month, and four-digit year, along with pertinent, or otherwise relevant information gleaned from generally accepted, reliable sources: heavy, hard-bound books; crisply printed front-page newspaper articles; the uniformly thick, worn, and torn journals usually found on the periodicals shelf of the public library; miscellaneous official or formal correspondence; and the well-documented legal briefs transformed into micro-fiche. You'll get a sense of having been at the archeological dig-site yourself, when you're through researching; miraculously transported to where and when the momentous or cataclysmic events had actually taken place.
"As if you owned an electronic GPS device with geographical coordinates and a time-machine."
Historical fiction, on the other hand, you soon discover, involves greater speculation as to what might have been, what should have happened, or what someone truly wishes would have happened. Essentially, the overriding fictional part of the work is whatever the writer fantasizes, dreams, or drums up from his vivid and capricious, fertile imagination. So, basically, the narrative doesn't have to be truthful, accurate, or factual at all.
Nonetheless, "The Pioneers" is largely historical. It appears to be a surprisingly open-minded, frank, honest, and factual account of what transpired during the lifetime of settlers living in Ohio country during the specified time interval. I was greatly impressed with and immensely appreciated the keen insights provided by the author into the roles played and contributions made by the Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Putnam, Cutler, Owen, St. Clair, Sargent, Tyler, Woodbridge, Nye, Butler, Little-Turtle, Bluejacket, Barker, Devol, Chapman, Burr, Blennerhassett, Hildreth, Fulton, Roosevelt, Hull, and Perry families, among many others. Hence, I feel compelled to freely admit without reservation that the book covers a considerable amount of well-organized, collated and correlated, cherry-picked Americana from so many more Ohio state archives, historical societies, and university library sources than I had anticipated. In other words, the author has performed a ton of erudite, scholarly research and in-depth analysis, which resulted in his discovering significant biographical and obituary information, representing rare and precious moments from the past.
"Like a collection of gemstones."
"National treasure."
You won't find much in the way of malicious gossip or vicious rumors in the book, however. The people about whom the author wrote were obviously educated, righteous, respectable, pragmatic, and practical in their dealings. They were model citizens who spoke plain English and didn't mince words. They'd stick to the issues and bring out the big guns only when necessary. If there were any monsters under the bed, they'd keep them well hidden, I believe.
"Has anyone seen Sasquatch lately?"
"Case in point."
Still, the book may be considered subject to much speculation about notable events of the day; at least, in my mind. I had the clear and distinct image of deciduous trees growing so gigantically big and tall in Ohio, that local inhabitants opted to carve out the center of the trunk and tunnel right through to the other side, rather than go around. Early ship traffic on the Ohio River moved in only one direction, due to rapid currents, ripples, and waterfalls: downstream. Aaron Burr wanted to invade Mexico and was actively seeking local volunteers. While France was forced to sell land west of the Mississippi River in secret negotiations, to pay its enormous war debt; England was hell-bent on using gun-boat diplomacy, in an attempt to further its own aims and ambitions in the national interest. The politics of newly elected President Thomas Jefferson differed so markedly and dramatically from that of his predecessors, that his policies adversely affected the otherwise smooth operation of the Ohio Legislature on key issues. Passage over the rugged Allegheny Mountain range between communities along the Ohio River and the New England seacoast was so slow, cumbersome, exasperating and overwhelming as to discourage or permanently prohibit travel and curtail the sending of a great deal of personal correspondence.
"Why didn't they just take the scenic route?" you wonder.
Then, I remembered the speed limit for the steepest section of curvy, winding, paved road known as Highway 50 in West Virginia, on which I drove in the autumn of 1979, taking the most direct route from the Midwest to Washington, D.C. on business. Driving a tan, 1964 Chrysler New Yorker in pristine condition, having had only 33,000 miles on it, at the time when I bought it pre-owned from a farmer in Champaign, Illinois, who stored the car in his barn, I didn't dare drive faster than the posted 15 mph limit, having taken particular notice of the run-away truck safety-ramp, veering off sharply from the main thoroughfare. The weather looked like snow. Deciding to stop at the hamburger stand ideally situated on the summit of the mountain peak for a well-deserved breather and lunch, I requested a bottle of Birch Beer and a charcoal-grilled, double-sized hamburger; hungry as I was, and glad to receive the specified refreshments from the proprietor.
Most disheartening, though, you learn that the locals weren't aware there was a war going on until after it was mostly over, dispensed with, and all but forgotten. Chagrined, you make a startling conjecture:
"What our founding fathers achieved for posterity, their forbears did for prosperity."
"All is not lost," I recollect, and re-connect with my immediate surroundings.
"Your exceptionally clamorous, rowdy, and rambunctious friends just dropped by. They want to go noodling for catfish on Flatbush Creek. Also, the delightfully charming and pleasingly curvaceous girlfriend called. She wants to have a go at it, too. Aren't you over her yet?"
"All aboard for the Mississippi Queen!"
Later that day:
"Where did everybody go?" asked Marie, perplexed, looking around at the recently vacated premises.
"They all left in a hurry, when one of the boys thought he heard someone start up a chainsaw," said her mother, Theresa.
"If every generation of Americans gets the visionary colonizer it deserves, we get Elon Musk, but people in the early Republic got the Rev. Manasseh Cutler. Musk wants to settle Mars. In the 1780s, Cutler set his sights on the Ohio Territory, the subject of David McCullough’s new book, The Pioneers. Plans for Martian colonies dwell on technical feasibility; Ohio’s earlier colonization is a reminder that humans’ treatment of one another matters to such schemes, too.
"Ohio has quite a history. The characters who passed through during its early phases as part of the United States could adorn a novel. Folks on the famous side include Lewis and Clark (headed west), Aaron Burr (post-duel and mid-conspiracy against the American government), John Chapman (a.k.a. Johnny Appleseed, sower of fruit trees) and Charles Dickens (visitor to Cincinnati). The less famous characters include Harman and Margaret Blennerhasett, Anglo-Irish newlyweds who lit out for the territory because they were uncle and niece; the Revolutionary War veteran Rufus Putnam, whose frontier library tellingly featured Milton’s Paradise Lost; and Cajoe, an enslaved Virginia man who gained his freedom in Ohio, preached the Gospel and lived past his 100th birthday.
"McCullough tells the history of the Ohio Territory as a story of uplift, of what can happen when the doers of good are let loose upon a place. This is American history as a vision of our better selves. Lord knows we need it. And there are several inarguably admirable elements of Manasseh Cutler’s plan.
"Cutler and his supporters wanted the Ohio Territory, and eventual state, to be nonslaveholding, free within a nation where slavery was still legal. Their goal followed the tendency of the states in the North to repudiate slavery — at least within their own borders. Prohibiting slavery in new states extended that revolutionary logic outward. As the Northwest Ordinance (1787) declared, 'There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory.' Nor could the eventual states formed out of the Northwest Territory be admitted to the Union as slave states."
With all due respect to the celebrities to which Chaplin refers, the characters of greatest interest to me are those who relocated -- or facilitated relocation -- to what was then identified as the Northwest Territory, consisting of what later became Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
The experiences of a physician, Samuel Prescott Hildreth, for example, are representative of what most pioneers encountered when relocating to the new territory, in this case to Marietta, Ohio: "The journey took twenty-five days, during which he experienced one violent rainstorm, lost his way several times, spent one night by the Susquehanna River in a bed that was not only highly uncomfortable but well-stocked with bugs, rode forty miles another day, passed another night in the Allegheny Mountains in which he judged to be the dirtiest house he ever saw, 'the beds most wretched and sheets very black.'"
Although Marietta serves as the gravitational center of the narrative, McCullough gives it -- true to form -- a wider and deeper, comprehensive frame of reference within three sequential periods: 1787-1794, 1795-1814, and 1815-1863. Details about each period are best revealed within the narrative, in context, but no spoiler alert is required by my suggestion that McCullough is always at his best when helping his reader to understand major events of the past but also helping them to feel as if they were there when the events occurred. Long ago on radio and then on television, one of my favorite programs was "You Are There." For me, that talent is what sets him from almost all other great historians.
After noting Hildreth's final days, here are David McCullough's concluding thoughts: "His was a complete life, he finished his work. But then it can be said, too, that those others of the foremost pioneers of Marietta had finished their work, each in his or her way, and no matter the adversities to be faced, propelled as they were by high, worthy purpose. They accomplished what they had set out to do not for money, not for possessions or fame, but to advance the quality and opportunities of life -- to propel as best they could the American ideals."
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