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Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece Paperback – October 4, 2009

4.6 4.6 out of 5 stars 26 ratings

In this sumptuously illustrated book, Joan Breton Connelly gives us the first comprehensive cultural history of priestesses in the ancient Greek world. Connelly presents the fullest and most vivid picture yet of how priestesses lived and worked, from the most famous and sacred of them--the Delphic Oracle and the priestess of Athena Polias--to basket bearers and handmaidens. Along the way, she challenges long-held beliefs to show that priestesses played far more significant public roles in ancient Greece than previously acknowledged.

Connelly builds this history through a pioneering examination of archaeological evidence in the broader context of literary sources, inscriptions, sculpture, and vase painting. Ranging from southern Italy to Asia Minor, and from the late Bronze Age to the fifth century A.D., she brings the priestesses to life--their social origins, how they progressed through many sacred roles on the path to priesthood, and even how they dressed. She sheds light on the rituals they performed, the political power they wielded, their systems of patronage and compensation, and how they were honored, including in death. Connelly shows that understanding the complexity of priestesses' lives requires us to look past the simple lines we draw today between public and private, sacred and secular.

The remarkable picture that emerges reveals that women in religious office were not as secluded and marginalized as we have thought--that religious office was one arena in ancient Greece where women enjoyed privileges and authority comparable to that of men. Connelly concludes by examining women's roles in early Christianity, taking on the larger issue of the exclusion of women from the Christian priesthood. This paperback edition includes additional maps and a glossary for student use.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"Winner of the 2008 James R. Wiseman Book Award, Archaeological Institute of America"

"Winner of the 2007 Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Classics and Ancient History, Association of American Publishers"

"One of New York Times Book Review's 100 Notable books for 2007"

"In this sphere of polis life the priestess clearly played a leading and fundamental role. This makes it all the more astonishing that Joan Breton Connely's
Portrait of a Priestess is, as she rightly claims, the first full-length work to take the Greek priestess specifically as its subject. . . . Connelly has run down inscriptions--honorific, funerary, financial, or cult-related--all over the Mediterranean. She has studied a plethora of statues and vase paintings in collections from Samos to St. Petersburg, from Messene to Munich, from Thebes to Toledo. Her indexes of monuments and inscriptions testify to the prodigious amount of work that has gone into this volume. . . . Portrait of a Priestess is a remarkable triumph against heavy odds."---Peter Green, New York Review of Books

"Eye opening...well-documented, meticulously assembled....Greek religion is a vast and complex subject, and
Portrait of a Priestess, by concentrating on one of its most concretely human aspects, offers an engrossing point of entry. . . . Connelly's style is clear, often elegant and occasionally stirring."---Steve Coates, New York Times Book Review

"Joan Breton Connelly's
Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece is the biggest, fullest and most up-to-date study of these important women from the time of Homer through to the early years of Christianity. Beautifully illustrated and substantially documented, it is also highly argumentative and . . . ambitious."---James Davidson, Times Literary Supplement

"Until Joan Breton Connelly's wonderful volume,
Portrait of a Priestess, was published the prominent role of Greek priestesses in ancient Greek society was ignored, or even denied, by most (male) commentators. . . . Her compelling book challenges our assumptions about the role of priestesses, and more generally the role of women, in a far-off world that retains the fascination of countless readers." ― The Book Depository

"The quantity of illustrations is revealing: if women were excluded from public life, why were their images everywhere? Connelly argues that the authority entrusted to women as priestesses made them far from subordinate in the Greek state and that they were in fact often prominent and indispensable executives in the civic sphere. This is a reinterpretation of antiquity that works."
---Nigel Spivey, Financial Times

"By examining the lives and work of 150 priestesses--from Troy's Kassandra, whose beauty distracted Ajax, to the historical Berenike who was celebrated for her civic and philanthropic contributions to the city of Syros--Connelly reinstates these women to their rightful place in ancient history."
---Eti Bonn-Muller, Archaeology

"Connelly's brave effort is a long time in the making and deserves to be taken seriously. For one thing, the book is substantial in length and assembles a rich body of documentation, much of it epigraphical and unfamiliar to many archaeologists and art historians. It is also lavishly produced."
---Catherine M. Keesling, Bryn Mawr Classical Review

"A gorgeously illustrated (over 100 images) and wonderfully readable new book....The first comprehensive cultural history of priestesses in the ancient Greek world....Dr. Connelly presents a full and vivid picture of the priestesses, who ranged from southern Italy to Asia Minor from the late Bronze Age to the fifth century AD."
---Vicki J Yiannias, Greek News

"Her conclusions should upset many of the assumptions commonly held about women in the time of Christ. . . . Apart from the clarity of its writing and the quality of its illustrations, this book is important because it helps the lay reader grasp what today's specialists are thinking. . . . Essential reading."
---Owen Higgs, New Directions

"Joan Connelly's new book boldly challenges old assumptions about the subordination of Greek women. . . . To understand ancient Greek culture and the place of women in it, we must set aside our own distinctions between sacred and secular, public and private, power and incapacity. . . . The array of monuments, vase paintings, and inscriptions Connelly has collected is a welcome resource for scholars, and nonexperts will benefit from her clear style and careful placement of each object in historical context."
---Joy Connolly, Women's Review of Books

"This book offers a rich mine of information about women's lives through their participation in religion and will be a valuable addition to school and university libraries."
---Janet Watson, Journal of Classics Teaching

"Beautifully illustrated and presented, with exhaustive notes and bibliography, this is an excellent study into the role of women as priestesses from the highest to lowest ranking. [Connelly], from her vast experience in the fields of archaeology and fine art, demonstrates clearly how the role of women in religious office was more important than many believed."
---Terry Cook, Greek-o-File

"This richly illustrated and beautifully produced exploration of an underdeveloped topic by seasoned archaeologist Connelly applies the full array of theoretical tools to produce a volume that portrays the lifelong role of real women, realized in public but mastered in the home, in sacred service to the ancient Greek
polis....This accessible volume significantly contributes to the ongoing reshaping of scholars' and students' understanding of the social realities of ancient Greek women."---J.C. Hanges, Choice

"Well written, beautifully illustrated, and superabundantly documented, it will richly reward the reader's effort."
---Ann Plogsterth, Wellesley

"
Portrait of a Priestess is an impressively long book. It is beautifully produced. . . . It is also affordable and easy to use, but the book anticipates a specialist, scholarly readership. . . . [T]he author does a superb job of juggling such a massive amount of data. It is very likely that her publication will become a standard study of women and religion, serving as both monograph and reference work."---Tyler Jo Smith, Museum Anthropology

"[A]lmost 20 years in the making, this is a remarkable book. It is easy to believe that al1 anyone has ever wanted to know about priestesses in the ancient Greek world is contained here. . . . Connelly's achievement is to put between two covers of an attractive book a storehouse of data."
---Robin Osborne, Cambridge Archaeological Journal

"This is a striking hypothesis--one that brings scholarship on women's religious roles into line with current understandings of their domestic influence."
---Susan Deacy, Journal of Hellenic Studies

"[T]his book is useful for its wide-ranging collection of evidence, good photographs, and some observations. It gives a good stimulus to recognize the public visibility of priestesses."
---Eva Stehle, Journal of Religion

"Connelly has brought together a large body of evidence about priestesses and posed new questions about them that move forward the study of priesthoods in antiquity. Many questions still remain, and further analysis of the epigraphical evidence in particular is much needed. This beautifully illustrated book will be the starting point for future research on the subject."
---Margaret M. Miles, Journal of the American Academy of Religion

"Connelly's landmark study is a must-read for any scholar of ancient religion, art, or gender studies."
---Laurie A. Kilker, Religion Journal

"Princeton University Press must be thanked and complimented for offering such a significant and persuasive revisionist study, very generously illustrated, at so modest a price, making it affordable not just for university libraries and specialists, but for others who wish to gain 'state-of-the-question' understanding of female elites and leaders in the Greco-Roman world."
---Victor Castellani, European Legacy

"
Portrait of a Priestess is well-structured and lucidly written. The book maintains a healthy balance between overuse and total avoidance of Greek words and professional terms, and addresses not only a readership of specialists in Classical studies, but a much wider audience."---Yulia Ustinova, Scripta Classica Israelica

"[A] detailed and nuanced portrait of the priestress in Ancient Greece."
---Reinhart Ceulemans, INTAMS Review

Review

"Joan Connelly . . . has produced a fascinating book on the central role of priestesses in ancient Greek society. Her survey is fully documented and beautifully illustrated. One cannot but admire her enthusiasm for the subject and her deft handling of the evidence."―Colin Austin, University of Cambridge, coeditor of Aristophanes Thesmophoriazusae

"There was a great need for a book of this kind. Through direct observation of artifacts, the author offers many original ideas, and even manages to correct some long-held erroneous readings of ancient texts. Her emphasis on the important role played by some women in classical antiquity is a welcome corrective to the stereotype of the subordinate female in the Greek world. The remarkably wide-ranging material will be of great interest not only to archaeologists but also to scholars in various fields."
―Brunilde S. Ridgway, Professor Emerita, Bryn Mawr College, author of Prayers in Stone: Greek Architectural Sculpture (c. 600-100 B.C.E.)

"This is the first full presentation in English or in any language of the female priest in the ancient Greek world. Connelly adduces evidence that women all over the Greek world had, as priestesses, positions of great public influence in their communities. I predict this study will have a wide readership by general classicists as well as those interested in ancient religion, ancient society, and women in ancient Greece, not to mention by art historians. This promises to be a landmark study."
―Stephen V. Tracy, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, author of Athens and Macedon: Attic Letter-Cutters of 300 to 229 B.C.

"There has long been a need for a book devoted to the role of the priestess in ancient Greece. After reading Connelly, no one could fail to be persuaded that priestesses could play an important role in society or that they were given significant honors. This book will do much to improve and extend our understanding of the role of Greek women both in religion and in society."
―Mary Lefkowitz, Wellesley College, author of Greek Gods, Human Lives: What We Can Learn from Myths

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Princeton University Press (October 4, 2009)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 448 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0691143846
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0691143842
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 3.2 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.75 x 0.75 x 9.75 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.6 4.6 out of 5 stars 26 ratings

About the author

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Joan Breton Connelly
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Joan Breton Connelly is a classical archaeologist and Professor of Classics and Art History at New York University. In 1996, she was awarded a MacArthur fellowship for her work in Greek art, myth, and religion. A field archaeologist, Connelly has excavated throughout Greece, Kuwait, and Cyprus where, since 1990, she has directed the NYU Yeronisos Island Expedition. She is an honorary citizen of Peyia Municipality, Cyprus.

The Parthenon Enigma: A New Understanding of the West's Most Iconic Building and the People Who Made It won the Phi Beta Kappa Society's Ralph Waldo Emerson Award for 2015. It was named among the Notable Books of 2014 by the New York Times Book Review, one of the Top Ten Nonfiction Books of the Year by the Daily Beast, and one of the year's Best Books in Architecture and Design by Metropolis Magazine.

Connelly's Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, was also named a Notable Book of the Year (2007) by the New York Times Book Review. It won the Archaeological Institute of America's James R. Wiseman Book Award and was named best scholarly/professional book in Classics and Ancient History by the Association of American Publishers.

Prof. Connelly has held visiting fellowships at All Souls College, Magdalen College, New College, and Corpus Christi College at Oxford University, at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, and has been a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. She has received the Archaeological Institute of America's Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award, NYU's Lillian Vernon Chair for Teaching Excellence, and NYU's Golden Dozen Teaching Award. From 2003 - 2011, she served on the Cultural Property Advisory Committee, U.S. Department of State.

Joan Connelly majored in Classics at Princeton University and received her PhD in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology at Bryn Mawr College, where she later served as Assistant Dean and as a member of the Board of Trustees.

Customer reviews

4.6 out of 5 stars
4.6 out of 5
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26 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on August 6, 2007
The status of women in the ancient world has long been a controversial issue. The traditional view of male historians has been that it was always a male-dominated world. Some feminists have countered this with arguing, on rather fragile evidence, in favor of prehistoric matriarchy and mother goddesses and so forth. Ancient Greece, in particular, has always been a kind of blank screen on which thinkers project their own image of what it was like. Most of the written evidence has suggested that women in ancient Greece were subordinate and secluded. Against this has been the fact that some powerful Greek gods were female and served by female priests. What these priestesses did,, and what their place was in society, has been somewhat mysterious because what we got from the historians and poets and playwrights was scanty. Connelly supplements this by a careful and scholarly (perhaps too scholarly for the general reader) examination of epigraphs and images.
The text is pretty hard going for the non-specialist but the pictures are great and it will make a handsome addition to a feminist coffee table although it will be a shame if it stays there. I think the large format is justified on more than esthetic grounds because Connolly's argument depends on her ability to bring to bear on the subject her abilities as an art historian and therefore adequate illustrations are needed. These are more than adequate; they are magnificent. It would be presumptuous to pronounce on the strength of her case without more expert knowledge than mine. No doubt other academics will be on the attack and it will be fun to see the fur fly in the Times Literary Supplement etc.
At the risk of quibbling I must break a lance in my ongoing battle against publishers who transcribe Greek inscriptions into lower case. Greek lower case was unknown before the Byzantines. I noticed that she does not mention the triple bronze serpent in the Hippodrome at Istanbul in her discussion of the Pythian oracle at Delphi. Is it authentic?
34 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on August 6, 2014
This is a scholarly, and interesting, book about the positions women could hold in ancient Greece. Contrary to those usual shibboleths that women were second class citizens and could be neither seen nor heard , the reverse is true. There were positions of influence, and some power, that were open to them as priestesses or servants of the gods at different stages in their lives from childhood on to old age.. Few of them required chastity, and those that did, only for the brief tenure of their service. No Vestal Virgins here! Their entrees into these positions were peculiarly modern; family and money. Some were chosen by lot and others by appointment. Age determined their position and some were active as prepubescents, others in dignified old age. The author's list of sources for her information is impressive, and while a familiarity with ancient Greek would be an advantage, she helps those of us who aren't with translations. Beautiful and plentiful illustrations.
6 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2007
Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece is a book I'd recommend to scholars. It is well researched and well composed. However, the topic is also of interest to those who enjoy exploring the ancient world and a woman's place in it. Women's lives in this historical period are difficult to access but Connelly has done so in a way that is both useful to those who work in the field and accessible to those who have a general interest and curiosity about the women who acted in and acted out the roles of priestess. An impressive collection of images is of interest to both groups of readers. RD Anderson
37 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on January 30, 2008
Wow! This is a substantial body of work! The author is articulate but not boring, a very difficult balance to achieve given the amount of material she is wrangling. Her hypothesis make sense and are well supported. The photography, graphics and composition are excellent. This is a book to savor, chapter by chapter. There is simply too much to digest quickly, especially since much of what is presented completely upsets long held paradigms. Kudos to Joan Breton Connelly for investing the time and effort to produce such a satisfying brain food banquet!
17 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2013
A splendid book painting the picture of life in ancient Greece for the priestess. Giving documentary and pictographic evidence of the history of priestesses it comprehensively describes the life and work of the priestesses. An excellent book for both the student and the casual reader
2 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on March 15, 2013
Although I am sure this was written as a textbook, the stories and
translations included are a revelation to the reader who is intent
on contextualizing ritual practice in ancient Greece.
I think it is a work of genius, and I would sign up for Professor
Connely's classes if I were anywhere near NYU.
3 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on January 6, 2013
Connelly is clear and methodical in her presentation, and inspired and interesting as well! Picking up the torch from the previous generation of feminist scholars, this has no weaknesses in rigour. And it brings to light much that is new and necessary to hear.
3 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on March 1, 2018
I was very excited to receive this book and it appears to be filled with much valuable and fascinating information, well-written in an accessible manner that avoids much of the writing style typical to academia. However I may never actually know what's in this book as it is printed in grey text on glossy paper in small type, making it very difficult to read and after fifteen - twenty minutes my eyes (usually very strong) are strained. I don't understand the reasoning behind presenting a valuable research work as a coffee-table book, but I'm not in publishing. I do know much of what a reader could gain from this book can be overshadowed by the mere attempt of reading. Very disappointed. I make a point of reading every item on my bookshelf so this volume will end up.....donated?
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Top reviews from other countries

Cjbevan
5.0 out of 5 stars an interesting and well researched study
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 26, 2014
The precise role of the female cultic functionaries of antiquity is elusive. There is nothing quite like it in contemporary society, and it is difficult to imagine. Many of those things were not systematically recorded or described, but were assumed or habitually repeated without comment, except obliquely, without explanation, assuming the readers or listeners would know the rest. It is frustrating for us, for we do not, and have little to work upon. Dr Connolly fills in the gaps as far as humanly possible by surveying epigraphic, textual, and artistic evidence to build up a compelling case for the recreation of those roles and functions within the polis of Hellenistic antiquity, and gives a much more full and coloured image with which to compliment our understanding of all aspects of Classical antiquity.

My only reservation is about her last section on the early church which is not so well referenced and where Dr Connolly frankly seems out of her depth. Here she presents wishful thinking rather than the rigorously evidenced conclusions elsewhere in the book.
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5.0 out of 5 stars Highly Recommended.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 17, 2014
A fantastic book and crucial to an enlightened understanding of the role of women throughout Ancient Greece.

Connelly questions the idea that women were excluded from society, highlighting the the fact that Priestesses were in fact officials. She reminds us that 'The Greeks did not have a separate word for religion, since there was no area of life that lacked a religious aspect.'
2 people found this helpful
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