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The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era
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The epochal shift toward neoliberalism--a web of related policies that, broadly speaking, reduced the footprint of government in society and reassigned economic power to private market forces--that began in the United States and Great Britain in the late 1970s fundamentally changed the world. Today, the word "neoliberal" is often used to condemn a broad swath of policies, from prizing free market principles over people to advancing privatization programs in developing nations around the world.
To be sure, neoliberalism has contributed to a number of alarming trends, not least of which has been a massive growth in income inequality. Yet as the eminent historian Gary Gerstle argues in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, these indictments fail to reckon with the full contours of what neoliberalism was and why its worldview had such persuasive hold on both the right and the left for three decades. As he shows, the neoliberal order that emerged in America in the 1970s fused ideas of deregulation with personal freedoms, open borders with cosmopolitanism, and globalization with the promise of increased prosperity for all. Along with tracing how this worldview emerged in America and grew to dominate the world, Gerstle explores the previously unrecognized extent to which its triumph was facilitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist allies. He is also the first to chart the story of the neoliberal order's fall, originating in the failed reconstruction of Iraq and Great Recession of the Bush years and culminating in the rise of Trump and a reinvigorated Bernie Sanders-led American left in the 2010s.
An indispensable and sweeping re-interpretation of the last fifty years, this book illuminates how the ideology of neoliberalism became so infused in the daily life of an era, while probing what remains of that ideology and its political programs as America enters an uncertain future.
- ISBN-100197519644
- ISBN-13978-0197519646
- PublisherOxford University Press
- Publication dateApril 5, 2022
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.55 x 1.42 x 9.52 inches
- Print length432 pages
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From the Publisher
Editorial Reviews
Review
"This book is an interesting account of what is exceptional about "America"." -- Michael Laver, Society"Essential reading." -- Adam Tooze, author of Crashed"One of the smartest, most perceptive books I've read in years." -- Christopher Leonard, author of The Lords of Easy Money"Anyone baffled at how the U.S. could possibly have moved over a half-century from embracing a state-centered New Deal to relentlessly unraveling it will be greatly enlightened by Gerstle's beautifully written, engrossing, and powerful telling of the rise of the neoliberal order. And some may take heart from his claim that it too is in free-fall, albeit leaving behind enduring vestiges of free market orthodoxy. I know no better guide to the complex transformations that have shaped our own times." -- Lizabeth Cohen, Howard Mumford Jones Professor of American Studies, Harvard University, and author of Saving America's Cities"The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order finds a master historian at the top of his craft. By identifying Clinton as the key facilitator, Gerstle is the first historian to so compellingly show how and why neoliberal ideas were installed in a new political order. With no less acuity, Gerstle also shows the neoliberal order cracking up over the last decade. What happens next? I know of no better political history of our times to help answer that question than this gem of a book." -- Jonathan Levy, Professor of History, University of Chicago"Gerstle's important book offers us an illuminating and rich interpretation of the power and popularity of neoliberalism in America. A true history of the movement, situating neoliberalism in relation to classical liberalism, the New Deal and global Communism. Essential reading." -- Adam Tooze, Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of History, Columbia University"Expertly synthesizing a vast body of new scholarship―on international trade, the Cold War, race, polarization, Ralph Nader, the labor movement, and the rise of conservatism―Gary Gerstle delivers the most compendious and commanding history of neoliberal America to date. Along the way he opens new windows on the unexpected collaboration between Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich in deregulating America into the internet future. Gerstle also provides the best account I've read of how "neoliberal" came to be the word of choice for an order that promises liberation and delivers subjection, that divides our two parties on some issues but conjoins them on others." -- Corey Robin, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Brooklyn College and the CUNY Graduate Center"Among the foremost chroniclers of the American past, Gary Gerstle deploys in this bold book the powerful notion of 'political order' to examine our most recent history―the past forty years when the nation fastened its fortunes to marketization, global economic integration, a harsh penal state and sharpening inequality. By charting the rise and fall of the neoliberal order, this fast-paced account helps us make sense of the arch of American history from Ronald Reagan to Bernie Sanders, from Bill Clinton to Donald Trump. A must read for anyone interested in the world we inhabit today, with all its mortal dangers and yet-to-be fulfilled promises." -- Sven Beckert, Laird Bell Professor of History, Harvard University"Gary Gerstle offers a brilliant, engaging, and provocative first-draft history of the last half century, a period sorely in need of scrutiny. With characteristic big-think flair, he shows that the neoliberal wisdom of that era―that markets would bring democracy, that the age of big government was over―emerged from specific historical forces and circumstances. He also suggests that many of those ideas can and should now be consigned to the past." -- Beverly Gage, Professor of History & American Studies, Yale University"Just beneath the surface of our fractured and polarized polity, Gary Gerstle argues that there has been a Neoliberal Order under which both parties worked in the 1990s and early 2000s. Even as they bitterly disagreed, the nation's political debate moved far away from the class-based pillars of the New Deal. In another of his characteristically eye-opening analyses, Gerstle takes readers through the rise and fall of the political order that has shaped our leaders and electorate―that is, until powerful forces over the past decade, on the right and left, have opened the door to a new era." -- Julian Zelizer, author of Abraham Joshua Heschel"Gerstle, a political historian specializing in contemporary history of the U.S., provides a comprehensive political history of the U.S. over the past six decades (Gerstle 2022)...Full of revelations." -- Thomas König, Austrian Journal of Political Science"Southern historians might best use it as a provocation for graduate students regarding the role of the South in the rise and decline of neoliberalism." -- William D. Goldsmith, Journal of Southern History"Gerstle's book has achieved the rare feat of both critical success and popular acclaim, having been shortlisted for the FT Business Book of the Year Award in 2022. It deserves it." -- The OEconomia"In an overall judgment of a book that is extraordinary in many ways, so rich and complex as to defy any synthesis in a few lines." -- Ferdinando Fasce, Ricerche di Storia Politica
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Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press
- Publication date : April 5, 2022
- Language : English
- Print length : 432 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0197519644
- ISBN-13 : 978-0197519646
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.55 x 1.42 x 9.52 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #70,058 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1 in Political History (Books)
- #67 in History & Theory of Politics
- #465 in United States History (Books)
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Customers find the book well-written and easy to read, with one review noting it provides a detailed picture of the Neoliberal Order. They appreciate its historical value, with one customer describing it as a comprehensive study of American 20th century history.
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Customers praise the book's historical value, with one customer noting it provides a comprehensive study of American 20th century history, while another highlights its detailed picture of the Neoliberal Order.
"The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal order is a must read to get the full historical context of the competing perspectives on the utility of liberal..." Read more
"...with the Reagan administration, he provides an overview of the history of the American economy, dedicating several chapters to the New Deal...." Read more
"This book provides a detailed picture of the Neoliberal Order that dominated the international stage for decades, starting from its inception..." Read more
"...It is engrossing and brings a new perspective to the Trump era. Very well written and well thought out." Read more
Customers find the book readable, with one mentioning its digestible narrative.
"...It is very much worth reading to understand how we got here and the legacies behind the debates." Read more
"...It is engrossing and brings a new perspective to the Trump era. Very well written and well thought out." Read more
"The book was exactly as advertised." Read more
"...but it tied the events of the last hundred years or so into a digestible narrative that took the blinders off...." Read more
Customers praise the writing quality of the book, noting it is very well written and easy to read, with one customer highlighting its clear presentation of complex material.
"Gerstle offers a highly-readable, general account of neoliberalism within the realm of American political history...." Read more
"...It is engrossing and brings a new perspective to the Trump era. Very well written and well thought out." Read more
"...The author includes clear, concise sketches of "The New Deal" and its demise...." Read more
"...In fairness to the author, he does a good job writing with clarity on the timeline of the Great Recession and the big banks/also AIG...." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on January 6, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent overview of the cyclicality of neoliberalism over the last 100 years
The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal order is a must read to get the full historical context of the competing perspectives on the utility of liberal ideals in guiding political economy goals over the last century. In such fractured times it is important to understand why certain political ideas have emerged as well as the background that led to the confidence that such ideas were solutions to relevant problems. As things have changed so dramatically since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal order is a much needed refresher on why liberalism became such a prevalent hammer to all problems and why in the aftermath of the depression the same ideas were dismissed.
The author starts with the social contract reconstruction that took place during the depression and through the post WWII period up until the Reagan presidency. The world was witnessing the consequences of monetary market failures and the lack of ability of labor markets to naturally clear when aggregate demand was low. The policy makers of the time moved decisively away from the social darwinism/ free market capitalism policy ideas, especially with the growth of interest in socialism by large portions of the labor force and there was increasingly popular support for social programs that created safety nets for the population. With the rollout of FDR New Deal in response to the Depression, there was a tailwind of a more cooperative social contract that was being promoted. This continued in the aftermath of the war which saw the sacrifice of the many and the strength of the US economy relatively led to a strong sense of achievement within the country that continued to propel New Deal like logic in the countries overall political economy calculations. The peak of this over reliance on the new deal type political economy was likely around the Vietnam War and the subsequent burdens of running such a model as the US economic model started to lose its industrial competitiveness with resurgent Western Europe and Japan. The loss in Vietnam and the stagflationary 70's led to much self doubt about the New Deal order and competing ideas started to surface to a more open audience.
As the US started to realize its relative decline its internal politics started to listen more to neo-liberal/libertarian ideas with the likes of Ayn Rand and Milton Friedman. It had a champion in Ronald Reagan and from the 80s the US incrementally started to dismantle its New Deal order and embrace a more libertarian economic model where the state was the source of all inefficiency. This was not coupled to lowering deficits of course but the starve the beast type attitude took hold and the country enacted more policies for the benefits of corporations as the political winds changed and the benefits of globalization became more embraced. Overall from an economic pie the US was a beneficiary of this trend but the consequences to inequality started to be felt as early as the 90s. The author spends time on how the democrats embraced neo-liberalism under Clinton and thus both parties became advocates of the benefits of expansive corporate rights at the expense of labor. This of course eventually backfired substantially with the growth of Trumpism in the aftermath of the GFC. Thus the author takes the reader on a full tour of the intellectual cyclicality that led to the growth and decline of the welfare state and the decline and growth of the neoliberal order.
There are no uniform solutions to solving the problem of allocating scare resources. Each concept of a political economy has so implicit preferences it is using to determine the solution to such a problem and some systems ending up being more equal in allocation yet more inefficient in productivity growth, others focus on the latter at the expense of the former. The benefits and deficiencies of any system are contextual and the Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal order is an excellent overview of the benefits and deficiencies of the system as times have changed. The author does not focus on what the new order should be or what it is expected to look like, it is much more a work of reflection. It is very much worth reading to understand how we got here and the legacies behind the debates.
- Reviewed in the United States on January 14, 2024Gerstle offers a highly-readable, general account of neoliberalism within the realm of American political history. Although he primarily focuses on the last four decades beginning with the Reagan administration, he provides an overview of the history of the American economy, dedicating several chapters to the New Deal.
Until reading this book, I had the impression that neoliberalism was entirely a project of Ronald Reagan, the Republican party, and free-market conservatives. But according to Gerstle, while Reagan gave voice to neoliberalism, it actually flourished under the presidency of Bill Clinton for two major reasons.
First, the fall of the Soviet Union opened up the world to an aggressive, free-market capitalism. And second, because Clinton and the Democratic Leadership Council adopted the Republican Party's neoliberal playbook, they created a climate in which both parties readily endorsed neoliberal policies.
And among Americans in general, not only did conservatives embrace neoliberalism, so did liberals who gravitated to its innovative spirit, cosmopolitanism, and multiculturalism. Once there was a broad consensus that neoliberalism would lead to universal prosperity, the "culture wars" became the battleground between the right and the left, which allowed the government's neoliberal policies to go unchallenged.
Three decades of neoliberalism has led to the greatest growth in economic inequality in more than a century. This explains why certain factions on the left are so critical of those they perceive to be prioritizing identity politics over class politics.
According to Gerstle, the emergence of two totally new national political figures in the 2016 presidential election, populist Donald Trump and socialist Bernie Sanders, signaled the end of the neoliberal order. What's next is yet to be determined.
Wherever you may fall on the political spectrum, Gerstle's book will no doubt give you a better understanding of how we arrived at this political moment--one that can feel completely incomprehensible.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 13, 2024This book provides a detailed picture of the Neoliberal Order that dominated the international stage for decades, starting from its inception through its demise. While the author has elaborated the roles played by successive policies undertaken by political leaders in shaping the Neoliberal Order owing to the realities as they perceived as taking prominence in each of their tenures in power, the book also provides an account of how the policy outcomes were taken in by the community.
- Reviewed in the United States on December 14, 2024The premise of this book is that the FDR era ended with Regan, and that era may be ending now. It is engrossing and brings a new perspective to the Trump era. Very well written and well thought out.
Top reviews from other countries
Kindleのお客様Reviewed in Japan on March 7, 20244.0 out of 5 stars Conclusion is not clear, but good work.
Well researched. Good book for students.
alan dunneReviewed in the United Kingdom on September 11, 20245.0 out of 5 stars A great read
A great history of the evolution of neoliberalism.
Roel Van RijnbachReviewed in the Netherlands on January 8, 20245.0 out of 5 stars Now I understand better my own past and the elections of 2024
This book helps very much to understand the pillars of politics and economics in the USA over the last 100 years. I am glad to have read this book because it gives a good framework for understanding my own past as citizen and the deciding political events that will follow in 2024.
Keith CoatesReviewed in Mexico on July 24, 20235.0 out of 5 stars On time and delivered to house.
Widen my understanding of current political movements.
M ClarkReviewed in Germany on April 1, 20235.0 out of 5 stars A comprehensive history and analysis of the Neoliberal Order
This book provides a comprehensive history and analysis of the Neoliberal Order. It begins with a short summary of the rise and fall of the New Deal Order, the subject of a previous book by the author. It then explains the initial growth of Neoliberal thought. The remaining chapters retell American postwar history pointing out the influences that Neoliberalism had on that history. It finishes with the Neoliberal Order lying in ruins after the Trump presidency and speculates on what a future order could look like.
The book would be interesting to people interested in economics and recent political history. The main weakness of the book is the lack of discussion of Neoliberalism outside of the USA. The introduction is also weak.





