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The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam Hardcover – Illustrated, January 9, 2018
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Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize (Biography)
New York Times Bestseller
In chronicling the adventurous life of legendary CIA operative Edward Lansdale, The Road Not Taken definitively reframes our understanding of the Vietnam War.
- Print length768 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherLiveright
- Publication dateJanuary 9, 2018
- Dimensions6.6 x 2 x 9.6 inches
- ISBN-100871409410
- ISBN-13978-0871409416
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Lansdale's greatest gift was for establishing a rapport with foreigners even if he did not speak their language.90 Kindle readers highlighted this
Editorial Reviews
Amazon.com Review
Review
― Fredrik Logevall, The New York Times Book Review
"Superb biography."
― Mark Bowden, New York Times
"The Road Not Taken is an impressive work, an epic and elegant biography based on voluminous archival sources. It belongs to a genre of books that takes a seemingly obscure hero and uses his story as a vehicle to capture a whole era.... Mr. Boot’s full-bodied biography does not ignore Lansdale’s failures and shortcomings―not least his difficult relations with his family―but it properly concentrates on his ideas and his attempts to apply them in Southeast Asia. ... The Road Not Taken gives a vivid portrait of a remarkable man and intelligently challenges the lazy assumption that failed wars are destined to fail or that failure, if it comes, cannot be saved from the worst possible outcome."
― Robert D. Kaplan, The Wall Street Journal
"'The Road Not Taken'… is expansive and detailed, it is well written, and it sheds light on a good deal about U.S. covert activities in postwar Southeast Asia….. [Boot] believes that Lansdale's approach was the wiser one, but he is cautious in his analysis of what went wrong… A lot of his book is committed to restoring a sense of proportion to his subject's image as a political Svengali, or "Lawrence of Asia.""
― Louis Menand, The New Yorker
"A brilliant, extremely well-written book about a forgotten figure who was one of the most extraordinary and utterly unorthodox espionage agents in history."
― Steve Forbes, Forbes
"Edward Lansdale is probably the greatest cold warrior that most Americans have never heard of. Max Boot has written a fascinating account of how this California college humorist, frat boy and advertising executive evolved into a counterinsurgency expert before the term was even coined…. Max Boot has become one of the master chroniclers of American counterinsurgency efforts, and his biography of Mr. Lansdale is a tribute to a guy who recognized the threat of insurgency in a post-World War II environment where most American leaders saw only brute force as a solution to any political-military problem…. This book should be read in Baghdad and Kabul, not only by Americans, but by local leaders."
― Gary Anderson, Washington Times
"Max Boot capably and readably tracks the fascinating but ultimately depressing trajectory of this shadowy figure, who, as a murky undercover operative and a literary and cinematic avatar, looms over or lurks behind some of the crucial moments in U.S. foreign policy in the decades following World War II, culminating in its greatest disaster."
― James G. Hershberg, Washington Post
"Deeply researched and evenhanded, The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam is a superb scholarly achievement. . . . [Boot] comes at Lansdale having already written two major books on small wars and counterinsurgency, a solid foundation that he takes to a new level here with rigorous research and dogged investigation into little-known corners of Lansdale’s life."
― Carter Malkasian, Foreign Policy
"In this fine portrait of Edward Lansdale, Max Boot adds to his well-deserved reputation as being among the most insightful and productive of contemporary historians. This is a superb book. Diligently researched and gracefully written, it builds on a comprehensive analysis of Lansdale’s triumphs in the post–World War II Philippines to provide much new material, and expose old myths, about one of the most fascinating, and in many ways ultimately saddest, members of the supporting cast in the later war in Vietnam."
― Lewis Sorley, National Review
"Comprehensively researched and insightfully written―Boot is, as always, an extremely talented writer."
― Christian Science Monitor
"An exceptionally well-written, captivating tale of one of the most distinctive characters in American Cold War history…. The Road Not Taken is highly recommended reading for historians of the Cold War and military leaders, Foreign Service officers, and intelligence personnel wrestling with America’s current challenges in the small wars of the 21st century, as well as general readers looking for an exhilarating story of a fascinating character in American history."
― Peter Mansoor, Journal of American Greatness
"A capacious biography…. The book is chock-full of operational information on Lansdale’s deeds, both quiet and ugly…. This book might work as a star vehicle for Tom Hanks or Matt Damon…. A useful addition to the literature on US foreign policy during the half century bracketed by the US occupation of the Philippines and the disastrous 2003 intervention in Iraq."
― John Reed, Financial Times
"A brilliant biography of the life―and a riveting description of the times―of Edward Lansdale, one of the most significant figures in post-WWII Philippines and then Vietnam. Just as David Halberstam did in The Best and the Brightest, Max Boot uses superb storytelling skills to cast new light on America's agonizing involvement in Vietnam. The Road Not Taken not only tells Edward Lansdale's story with novelistic verve but also situates it wonderfully in the context of his tumultuous experiences―and offers important lessons for the present day."
― General David Petraeus (U.S. Army, Ret.)
"Boot marshals sharp, devastating anecdotes to show how Lansdale’s ideas were dismissed or misunderstood by his contemporaries. . . . The stories this volume tells about voluntary isolation and lack of knowledge, vision, or respect for anything outside U.S. security culture, in all its violent, self-reinforcing whiteness and maleness, have a terrible timelessness to them . . . . We are in his debt for writing a book about another time that challenges us to raise those questions in ours."
― Heather Hurlburt, Washington Monthly
"Max Boot, one of the premier military historians writing today, has created a fascinating portrait of Edward Lansdale, a maverick in the mold of T.E. Lawrence. But The Road Not Taken is much more than a biography, begging comparison with monumental narratives like Neil Sheehan's A Bright Shining Lie. Boot gives us a compelling look back on the Vietnam tragedy, showing that it was by no means the inevitable result of forces beyond the control of our political and military leaders. "
― Philip Caputo, author of Rumor of War
"I couldn’t stop reading this engrossing biography of Edward Lansdale, a man who loved his country’s ideals and who secretly fought for them in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Washington, DC. Lansdale’s story is relevant today, because he was a key figure in the debate over how and how not to use military force to achieve American foreign policy aims. Through Lansdale’s efforts we got it right in the Philippines, but no one listened to him in Vietnam. He was forgotten by the time we moved into Afghanistan and Iraq. I fervently hope our policy makers read this book."
― Karl Marlantes, author of Matterhorn
"As one of the last few links to Lansdale, who was also one of his closest on-the-ground collaborators, I can attest that this biography of him is the best, most accurate, revealing and complete portrait yet produced. Even with all I knew, I learned a great deal more that was new which broadened my understanding of this extraordinary man. The very human way he helped the Filipino and Vietnamese people defend their inalienable rights is a shining model to be followed by current and future generations of Americans assigned abroad to assist fragile nations."
― Rufus Phillips, author of Why Vietnam Matters
"A remarkable piece of work, superbly researched and documented. In an ideal world, it would be required reading for all senior American diplomats being posted to underdeveloped nations. Having worked with Lansdale during an important period in his career, I particularly noted how Max Boot skillfully dissected his modus operandi."
― Lieutenant General Samuel V. Wilson (U.S. Army, Ret.)
"A probing, timely study of wrong turns in the American conduct of the Vietnam War. A historian of America's ‘small wars’ with a keen eye for the nuances of counterinsurgency, Council on Foreign Relations senior fellow Boot (Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Times to the Present, 2013, etc.) finds a perfect personification of America's Vietnam in Edward Lansdale (1908-1987), much as Neil Sheehan did with John Paul Vann 30 years ago with his book A Bright Shining Lie. . . . Controversial in some of its conclusions, perhaps, as Lansdale's arguments were in their day, and essential reading for students of military policy and the Vietnam conflict."
― Kirkus Reviews, starred review
"A superb history of the Vietnam conflict and includes fascinating military detail and a firm grasp of both American and Vietnamese politics. Boot’s expertise in counterinsurgency makes his arguments compelling, and his rich portrait of Lansdale as a creative if unpredictable maverick adds a new level of understanding not only to Lansdale himself, but also to the entire Vietnam era. This important book―substantially enhanced by excerpts from Lansdale’s own writing and augmented by outstanding maps―deserves to be read alongside Neil Sheehan’s award-winning A Bright Shining Lie (1988)."
― Mark Levine, Booklist, starred review
"Boot outshines everything ever written about the legendary CIA operative Edward Lansdale (1908–1987) in this exhaustive, fact-filled, and analytical biography."
― Publisher's Weekly
About the Author
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Product details
- Publisher : Liveright; Illustrated edition (January 9, 2018)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 768 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0871409410
- ISBN-13 : 978-0871409416
- Item Weight : 2.69 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.6 x 2 x 9.6 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #493,265 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #455 in Vietnam War Biographies (Books)
- #977 in Vietnam War History (Books)
- #1,166 in Political Intelligence
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Max Boot is a bestselling author, historian, and policy analyst who has been called one of the “world’s leading authorities on armed conflict” by the International Institute for Strategic Studies. He is a columnist for the Washington Post, a global affairs analyst for CNN, and the Jeane J. Kirkpatrick senior fellow in national security studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the author of the New York Times bestsellers "The Road Not Taken: Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam" and "Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare from Ancient Times to the Present." His other books include the widely acclaimed: "The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power" and "War Made New: Technology, Warfare, and the Course of History, 1500 to Today." He has been called "a master historian" by the New York Times and a "a penetrating writer and thinker" by The Wall Street Journal. For more information, see www.maxboot.net.
Customer reviews
Reviewed in the United States on November 26, 2018
Top reviews from the United States
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The first part of the 600-page book is about Lansdale's success in the Philippine insurrection and how he influenced the favorable outcome via close friendships with Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos Romulo. Although my focus is primarily on the Vietnam episodes, I have family members who lived in Manila from the early moments of US occupation in 1911 through the Japanese occupation. One is buried at the US cemetery at Fort Bonifacio.
Based on his successful record of success in the Philippines, Lansdale was invited to practice his magic in Vietnam during the period preceding French withdrawal. This experience was captured in the Michael Caine's film version of Graham Greene's 1952 novel The Quiet American, as updated in the 2002 film version. According to Boot, Lansdale was an uncredited consultant to the movie, providing an opportunity for him to explain how Vietnam went off-track and why. Lansdale's service with the Central Intelligence Agency may explain why he preferred the indirect approach to warfare, whenever possible. As we know now, the Regular Warfare establishment overwhelmed those in favor of a lower profile.
Lansdale was basically eased out of Vietnam's policy team in 1961, not because he was wrong but because others found him abrasive. When assigned to head the team to overthrow Castro in 1962, he found he couldn't work well with others, and lost institutional status after the Bay of Pigs fiasco. The Kennedys cut him loose, as Boot reports on page 399:
Having failed to achieve the Kennedys' most cherished desire, Lansdale lost their favor. He was left naked before his bureaucratic enemies, including his own boss, Robert McNamara. It was probably no coincidence that his military career in the long run was ended less than a year after Mongoose did. "I think the thing that hurt me most in the long run was the task that Kennedy gave me on Cuba," he reflected decades later. "I'm sorry i ever got mixed up in those Cuban things."
His Cuban failure proved historically significant, not just for the future of that island nation but also for Indochina, because it ensured that he was cut out of American policymaking toward Vietnam even as relations between the Kennedy administration and the Diem government were reaching their sordid denouement.
Later in1963 there was some discussion of sending Lansdale back to Vietnam, but this became impossible after he told President Kennedy that he could not participate in any assassination scheme directed against his friend. My view is that Diem's departure signaled the collapse of South Vietnam because (1) it took too long to find an effective replacement and (2) the Americanization of the war was unsupportable.
Lansdale finally returned to Vietnam, coinciding with the buildup of American forces. His devotion to pacification, however, put him at those who favored victory through firepower. Further, his relationship with Daniel Ellsberg was ill-fated for many reasons.
One sub-theme of the book is Lansdale's relationship with his wife and Philippine mistress whom he married upon his wife's death. This was part of his life but not terribly interesting, compared to his daylight activities.
Lansdale did predict that Hanoi would launch an 1968 offensive with ambition to recreate another Dien Bien Phu-like victory. I know a bit about the Tet '68 Offensive and can confirm it took us by surprise and signaled the end of public support for the war. One of best treatments of this phenomena is found in Lewis Sorley's A Better War: The unexamined victories and final tragedy of America's last years in Vietnam. I'm confident that Lansdale would share Sorley's assessment. Boot does (see page 525).
I'll close with a little humor for the thick-skinned, from a letter to his wife, Helen, posted after he arrived in-country.
A popular brand of local cigarettes in a blue package is called 'Blue Job.' 'Blue is pronounced 'blow.' How in the heck can I go up and ask the girl store counter for a pack of those?
Among other things, Lansdale was not a prude. And this book is a rich read of a life well-lived.
Charles A. Krohn
Author, The Lost Battalion of Tet
However, Max Boot is not content to just write highly dubious history. He takes several pages to slander Col. Fletcher Prouty, and he does this in a most cowardly and dishonest manner. Boot doesn’t point the finger, critiquing General Krulak as a lunatic for identifying Lansdale in Dealey Plaza, that would take courage. And he falsely attributes to Prouty a story that was published by Elliot Roosevelt in Parade Magazine, February 9, 1986 - “Why Stalin Never Forgave Eleanor Roosevelt”, that Prouty commented on and footnoted, blaming Prouty for creating conspiracy theories. In these pages of attack, we see the real reason for this book. Lansdale has been implicated in the planning and coverup of the JFK assassination and Boot is just the latest propagandist to carry water for those who are relentless in trying to hold back the floodgates of this story from the public. Today’s headlines are full of references to “fake news”, and The Road Not Taken, Edward Lansdale and the American Tragedy in Vietnam, tells us much about the origins of fake news in it’s distortion of history. Pulitzer would be well served looking elsewhere.
Top reviews from other countries
A former advertising man, Lansdale helped the American war effort as part of the Office of Strategic Services while officially being an officer in the U.S. Army and later the U.S. Air Force. As part of the newly created Central Intelligence Agency, he made his mark by helping Philippine war hero Raymond Magsaysay become President of that country in the early 1950's, becoming his confident and right hand man. He played an important role in defeating the Huk Communist insurgency, which led him to be considered by US authorities as a specialist in what was later to be called counter-insurgency operations. As a result, he was asked to aid the French in their struggle against the Communist Vietnamese.
Lansdale was a supporter President Diem,, and worked hard to convince the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations to continue their aid to what he considered the best solution to defeating a Communist take over of Vietnam.
Interestingly, whether in the Philippines or Vietnam, the CIA operative always had to go through interpreters. Although married to an American woman (Helen), he found a lover in the Philippines, and she often translated for him, while in Vietnam he also depended on others ….not really an ideal situation . Boot's use of his love letters with his Filipina, Pat, borders on voyeurism at times, and gets to be a bit annoying.
Being heavily immersed in Asia. he found himself very isolated from what was happening in Washington DC, and as a result made more enemies than friends with the people in power. He was too much of an independent operator in a world where team players and yes men get ahead.
Boot's very readable account takes us through his frustrations in trying to convince the US government that to win
a war against a nationalist enemy, even a communist one, you have to win over the proverbial hearts and minds of people.
After being forced out of government service, his life in retirement was also not very satisfying.
Typical of Boot's books, at times he likes to throw in a word that might make the reader run to the dictionary, but it
was a fast read. Coming from a specialist in military affairs, on the other hand, it was really weird to see that a L-5 observation plane was a "turboprop", and that Claire Chennault's CAT airline used a "DC 9" aircraft to fly material from the south of Vietnam up into the north before the division of the country in the mid-fifties. Just not true….poor proofreading ? Perhaps. A good book, yes, but I don't think I would have given it a Pulitzer !
Right there with T.E. Lawrence and Amedeo Guillet, Edward Lansdale's Memory deserved to be reported in a book as good as this.







