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The Scout Mindset: Why Some People See Things Clearly and Others Don't Hardcover – April 13, 2021
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A better way to combat knee-jerk biases and make smarter decisions, from Julia Galef, the acclaimed expert on rational decision-making.
When it comes to what we believe, humans see what they want to see. In other words, we have what Julia Galef calls a "soldier" mindset. From tribalism and wishful thinking, to rationalizing in our personal lives and everything in between, we are driven to defend the ideas we most want to believe—and shoot down those we don't.
But if we want to get things right more often, argues Galef, we should train ourselves to have a "scout" mindset. Unlike the soldier, a scout's goal isn't to defend one side over the other. It's to go out, survey the territory, and come back with as accurate a map as possible. Regardless of what they hope to be the case, above all, the scout wants to know what's actually true.
In The Scout Mindset, Galef shows that what makes scouts better at getting things right isn't that they're smarter or more knowledgeable than everyone else. It's a handful of emotional skills, habits, and ways of looking at the world—which anyone can learn. With fascinating examples ranging from how to survive being stranded in the middle of the ocean, to how Jeff Bezos avoids overconfidence, to how superforecasters outperform CIA operatives, to Reddit threads and modern partisan politics, Galef explores why our brains deceive us and what we can do to change the way we think.
- Print length288 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPortfolio
- Publication dateApril 13, 2021
- Dimensions6.2 x 1.1 x 9.3 inches
- ISBN-100735217556
- ISBN-13978-0735217553
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In scout mindset, there’s no such thing as a “threat” to your beliefs. If you find out you were wrong about something, great—you’ve improved your map, and that can only help you.Highlighted by 1,178 Kindle readers
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From the Publisher
Editorial Reviews
Review
"I’ve learned more about how to think and reason well from Julia Galef than from almost anyone."—Dylan Matthews, senior correspondent at Vox
“We know a lot about how flawed human reasoning is, but surprisingly little about how to repair it in our daily lives. Thankfully, Julia Galef is here to change that. With insights that are both sharp and actionable, her book picks up where Predictably Irrational left off. Reading it will teach you to think more clearly, see yourself more accurately, and be wrong a little less often.”—Adam Grant, author of Originals and Give and Take, host of WorkLife podcast
"Most books tell you what to think. This is something rarer, and more valuable: a book about how to think, and how to learn, without the fear or favor that so often holds us back from inching closer to the truth. The beauty of The Scout Mindset demonstration is it is, itself, an example of the ethos it teaches. The delight it takes in questioning its own premises, and understanding the alternative arguments, will make you want to be a scout, too."—Ezra Klein, cofounder of Vox, author of Why We’re Polarized, and host of The Ezra Klein Show podcast
“I find myself quoting Julia in my writing again and again, because no one explains thinking and rationality better than she does. The ideas in The Scout Mindset have been stuck in my head ever since I watched her TED Talk. The Scout Mindset is a lens, and once you're looking through it, the world makes a lot more sense.”—Tim Urban, cofounder of Wait But Why
“Julia Galef doesn't simply harangue us for not thinking clearly; she diagnoses why we do it, and suggests concrete ways to improve our rationality. This is a book that will make a real difference in how you think."—Sean Carroll, author of Something Deeply Hidden
“Julia Galef is an intellectual leader of the rationalist community, and in The Scout Mindset you will find an engaging, clearly written distillation of her very important accumulated wisdom on these topics."—Tyler Cowen, author of Big Business and The Great Stagnation
“Julia Galef is one of the smartest and most interesting thinkers in the world. If you read this superb book, you will think and see more clearly, and be a wiser human being.”—Johann Hari, author of Lost Connections
“The Scout Mindset is essential reading for understanding how the stories we tell ourselves sacrifice better decision-making in the long-term for a short-term boost to our egos…A must-read for anyone looking be more rational in their choices."—Annie Duke, author of Thinking in Bets
“Drawing on her extensive knowledge of the scientific literature and of popular culture, Julia Galef explores the remarkable human capacity for self-deception—and shows us how we can catch ourselves in the act of fooling ourselves.”—Philip Tetlock, author of Superforecasting
“The Scout Mindset offers an insightful, entertaining, and genuinely useful guide to thinking more clearly.”—Don Moore, author of Perfectly Confident
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Portfolio (April 13, 2021)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 288 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0735217556
- ISBN-13 : 978-0735217553
- Item Weight : 1.1 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.2 x 1.1 x 9.3 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #82,023 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #130 in Business Decision Making
- #260 in Decision-Making & Problem Solving
- #307 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)
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I have always considered myself a "Scout", but I didn't have a word for it. That's one of the most valuable gifts of the author: attaching words and concrete examples to concepts I've only known intuitively. Since I consider myself "there" already, I wouldn't say this book changed my thinking or behavior, but it gave me lots of new tools for my toolbox.
The most powerful tool is the title. The term "soldier mindset" predates the author, but Scout Mindset is the author's own creation. It describes a role in life: that of a military scout who goes out into the world to discover how it actually is. A soldier believes what they need to believe to defend themselves and their tribe, but the Scout is concerned with objective truth. How many troops does the enemy have? Where are the bridges and barriers? For the ultimate benefit of themselves and their tribe, the Scout needs to know what's actually out there, even if it is injurious to their ego and personal investments in the short term.
In my live-stream, I have plenty of minor criticisms, but they are presented in the spirit of the Scout. I think the author should have steered clear of Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos as examples, as the jury is still out on their legacy. Including them with the likes of Darwin, Chesterton and Picquart risks turning an otherwise timeless work into a perishable one. There is also a FACTUAL ERROR concerning chickens, which I'll leave to other readers to discern. Knowing the author, she will be not doubt be mortified by the gaff, but learning to be wrong is what this book is all about.
In the penultimate chapter, we learn that the author is betrothed. My gut reaction is the crushing sorrow of the 1960s schoolgirl learning that Paul and Ringo already have girlfriends, but the Scout in me sees other problems. How does the author square a "forever" commitment with the preservation of a Scout's objectivity? When you take a vow before family and friends, aren't you explicitly declaring your soldier mindset? "Worked just fine for the past 10 years" is worlds away from "I'm sure it will work forever."
This makes me realize the most serious omission in the book: There is almost no discussion of relationships. Surely, there is no greater pressure for soldier mindset than in defense of ones family and romantic partner. Marriage alone deserves a chapter—or maybe five. The author describes people caught in cult-like business ventures, but what about cult-like relationships? Isn't EVERY romantic relationship cult-like? How do you retain a Scout's perspective on it?
This book seems complete in describing the Scout/Soldier dilemma external to the household but hardly touches on conflicts within it. How can a parent NOT be a soldier when defending their child, regardless of what they have done? How can they not defend their spouse? It's hard enough to manage the pressures of your own ego, let along the ego of someone you are tethered to, over whom you have only a modicum of control.
Rather than dwell on the absences in this book, I prefer to see it as "Volume 1". Volume 2 should start with that declaration of marriage, difficult to revoke now that it has been set in print. This is part of a bigger topic that the author only touches on in this volume: How do to design your future life so that you can continue to afford a Scout's perspective? Surrounding yourself with open-minded people is a good start. We can call it ones "congregation". Joining a warm congregation is gratifying enough. The dilemmas only come later. How far will you go to defend your congregation when your core beliefs begin to diverge?
Most humans don't have any such conflicts—because they're soldiers. The functional benefit of soldier mindset is to paper over any hypocrisies and inconsistencies in ones life, while Scouts are forced to face them head-on.
This book provides the means of testing whether we have the scout mindset, and the methods by which we can train our minds to acquire it. Good lawyers are not those who are supremely confident of their case, but those who are wary of the weaknesses in it. They strive to see what the opposing side has and how that might affect the case in case.
Part of the methodology requires one to examine the reasons and explanations of the subject under contemplation. Galef explains the rule known as ‘Chesterton’s Fence’. It appeared in G K Chesterton’s essay in 1929. There Chesterton describes a situation in which a person comes across a fence across a road and there is no apparent reason why that fence is there. Many may think, ‘There’s no reason why this fence should be here. Let’s take it down’. Chesterton, and Galef’s point is that we should think, instead, ‘We do not know why this fence is here. Let’s not do anything about it until we know why it is here’.
This is a promising book although in a few parts, the passages got a bit boring, but on the whole, it is a book with an important lesson.
We believe that we are smart and other people are dumb. We believe that our tribe is moral and other tribes are immoral. We believe our ideas are rational and other ideas are irrational. The Scout Mindset is about the need to see the world clearly, rather than allowing our cognitive biases to distort our vision.
I've lost count of how many books I have read on myside bias, confirmation bias, cognitive dissonance, self-serving bias, etc. Galef does do some things better than any other, though.
While other books in this genre will state that the bias to believe what one wants to be true is an unconscious process, they rarely expound upon that fact more than passing mentions, they never explain how the unconscious mind accomplishes this without our awareness, and they almost always make it seem as though one must simply think slower or think again or check oneself for bias in order to overcome such irrationalities.
Julia Galef (1) spends a lot of time explaining that the soldier or press secretary or lawyer within our minds is not within our conscious awareness; (2) explains that the unconscious mind accomplishes this "trick" by asking the conscious mind "could this be true?" if it likes the new information and "does this have to be true?" if it doesn't; and (3) explains that one CANNOT easily think their own way out of bias. This last point I feel is extremely important. As Galef might say, you cannot simply ask yourself if you're being reasonable; your bias prevents you from recognizing your bias. Instead Galef describes thought experiments and other social and mental tricks that are proven to lead to more scout-like thinking.
The other thing Galef does in The Scout Mindset that other cognitive bias books don't is that she takes time to prove to readers that reality-based beliefs are better than optimistic beliefs. These sections seem especially tailored to the type of people who believe faith in oneself is the sole ingredient to success. This type of belief ranges from the ordinary ("I will give a better presentation if I'm confident") to the supernatural ("My thoughts can change the vibrations of the universe to make me successful"). None of this spoke to me personally, but I can easily imagine another reader needing to be convinced that accurate beliefs are more beneficial than blind optimism.
Lastly, for obvious reasons, conservatives have recently taken the brunt of criticism and mockery regarding obstinate beliefs unchanged by evidence. Notably, Galef's examples are politically balanced. She doesn't mention Donald Trump or his supporters as soldiers once. In addition to a creationist who doesn't understand evolution and a climate denier who had never actually looked at the evidence, Galef also writes about a feminist who realizes she was wrong about an incidence of perceived sexism, a pro-choice woman who begins to consider the argument of fetal pain, and liberal social scientists who were too eager to believe conservatives were more biased. Most of her examples, however, have nothing to do with politics, which makes me more comfortable recommending this book to more people.
Top reviews from other countries
I now want to think like a scout rather than a solider! It’s smarter and I believe leads you to a better life since you have a larger grasp on reality and don’t tend to self deceive as much as the solider mindset does. I could go on and on but really do check it out. Well written and a topic that really means a lot to us these days!
Very good book
When will a French version be available?
This kind of intellectual honesty and coherence is missing in France (so one star less ^^)









