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Separate and Unequal: The Inside Story of Israeli Rule in East Jerusalem Hardcover – May 10, 1999
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This vivid behind-the-scenes account of Israeli rule in Jerusalem details for the first time the Jewish state's attempt to lay claim to all of Jerusalem, even when that meant implementing harsh policies toward the city's Arab population.
The authors, Jerusalemites from the spheres of politics, journalism, and the military, have themselves been players in the drama that has unfolded in east Jerusalem in recent years and appears now to be at a climax. They have also had access to a wide range of official documents that reveal the making and implementation of Israeli policy toward Jerusalem. Their book discloses the details of Israel's discriminatory policies toward Jerusalem Arabs and shows how Israeli leaders mishandled everything from security and housing to schools and sanitation services, to the detriment of not only the Palestinian residents but also Israel's own agenda. Separate and Unequal is a history of lost opportunities to unite the peoples of Jerusalem.
A central focus of the book is Teddy Kollek, the city's outspoken mayor for nearly three decades, whose failures have gone largely unreported until now. But Kollek is only one character in a cast that includes prime ministers, generals, terrorists, European and American leaders, Arab shopkeepers, Israeli policemen, and Palestinian schoolchildren. The story the authors tell is as dramatic and poignant as the mosaic of religious and ethnic groups that call Jerusalem home. And coming at a time of renewed crisis, it offers a startling perspective on past mistakes that can point the way toward more equitable treatment of all Jerusalemites.
- Print length288 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard University Press
- Publication dateMay 10, 1999
- Dimensions6.75 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- ISBN-100674801369
- ISBN-13978-0674801363
- Lexile measure1240L
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Editorial Reviews
From Library Journal
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Kirkus Reviews
Review
With access to all the papers of the former mayor of Jerusalem, Teddy Kollek, the authors--Amir Cheshin and Avi Melamed, to former aides to Kollek, together with Bill Hutman, a journalist for the English-language Jerusalem Post--tell a heart-breaking story of squandered opportunities. (Anne Applebaum Daily Telegraph)
One of the most important books on the Israeli rule in the territories in general and in Jerusalem in particular. (Tom Swgev Ha'aretz)
Amir Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed argue that Israel has suffered from 'failure after failure, missed opportunity after missed opportunity' in governing Jerusalem. If only the Arab population had been fairly treated, given limited autonomy under a system of neighborhood councils or simply conceived of as a permanent partner, then, they argue, Israel would have control of a peaceful, united city. (Publishers Weekly)
Cheshin and Melamed, onetime aides to former Jerusalem mayor Teddy Kollek, and Hutman, formerly of the Jerusalem Post, offer a scathing expose of persistent Israeli discriminatory practices against Jerusalem Arabs...The point is well made that Israel could do more for at least those East Jerusalem Arabs who don't openly oppose the state, and there is much here that informs the debate on Israel's ground zero. (Kirkus Reviews)
[Hutman and Melamed] present an unusually frank and courageous account of relations between Jews and Palestinian Arab citizens in Israel's capital. As the title states, the two communities are separated, and their treatment is decidedly unequal in nearly all aspects of communal affairs--housing, education, health and sanitation facilities, availability of water and electricity. The author's conclude that 'Israel has treated the Palestinians of Jerusalem terribly...forced many of them from their homes and stripped them of their land...while lying to them and deceiving them and the world about its honorable intentions.' (D. Peretz Choice)
[This] book is an indictment of Israeli misrule in east Jerusalem. It is all the more powerful because its authors come from within the Israeli establishment and write from a Zionist standpoint. [The authors] show that, more than three decades after its supposed unification in 1967, Jerusalem is more divided than ever. (Bernard Wasserstein Times Higher Education Supplement)
In Separate and Unequal, Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed wisely eschew the mystical, eschatological and ethereal realms to which many writers on the holy city ascend. They stick to mundane municipal detail: rubbish collection, sewage, potholes, parks and planning permissions. The authors are admirably qualified for the task...All three know the city intimately and have made exceptional efforts to bridge the schism that divides its Arab from its Jewish inhabitants. Their book is an indictment of Israeli misrule in east Jerusalem. It is all the more powerful because its authors come from within the Israeli establishment and write from a Zionist standpoint. (Bernard Wasserstein Times Higher Education Supplement 2000-12-15)
Their insights are primarily those of individuals who possess unique "insider" information about the Teddy Kollek administration (1966-93), and the book provides often intriguing material drawn from their experiences and sources. Well-written and engaging, Separate and Unequal is generally quite critical in its depiction of the Jewish state's rule over the territory it conquered in 1967. (Thomas Abowd Journal of Palestine Studies)
Review
About the Author
Bill Hutman was a journalist with the Jerusalem Post.
Avi Melamed was Deputy Adviser on Arab Affairs to Mayor Kollek and Adviser on Arab Affairs to Kollek's successor, Ehud Olmert.
Product details
- Publisher : Harvard University Press; First Edition (May 10, 1999)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 288 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674801369
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674801363
- Lexile measure : 1240L
- Item Weight : 1.15 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.75 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #5,768,774 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #5,801 in Israel & Palestine History (Books)
- #7,334 in Middle Eastern Politics
- #49,719 in Ethnic Studies (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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About the authors

Avi Melamed
Middle East Expert & Strategic Intelligence Analyst
Because True Knowledge is a Real Asset
Avi Melamed is a Strategic Intelligence Analyst and an Expert on the Current Affairs in the Arab and Muslim World and their impact on the Middle East.
He is the Founder and CEO of Inside the Middle East: Intelligence Perspectives (ITME), an empowering intelligence analysis praxis transforming students and practitioners into knowledgeable, media literate, critical thinkers.
From 2013 - 2018, Avi served as the Salisbury Fellow of Intelligence and Middle East Affairs for the Eisenhower Institute. Under his leadership, ITME grew from an undergraduate initiative, to include workshops and seminars from High Schools to Capitol Hill, directly impacting the outlook, educational path, and career trajectory of more than 100 current and future leaders. In its sixth year - now an independent 501c3, ITME has the same mission - to provide a non-partisan education on the contemporary Middle East while teaching critical analysis in an innovative and engaging fashion. ITME’s goal is to ensure that the next generation of policy influencers will have be equipped with the knowledge, skills and tools to independently and accurately decipher the Middle East and accurately predict the direction of future events.
Avi is a former Israeli Intelligence Official and Senior Official on Arab Affairs. In his public service, he has held high-risk Government, Senior Advisory, Intelligence and Counter-Terrorist intelligence positions in Arab cities and communities throughout the region – often in very sensitive times - on behalf of Israeli Government agencies.
Avi coauthored Separate and Unequal: Israel's Rule in East Jerusalem and wrote Ubrusi: The Novel. Inside the Middle East: Making Sense of the Most Dangerous and Complicated Region on Earth (2016) is a GPS to help navigate the dramatically changing Middle East.
His newest book (February 2022), Inside The Middle East | Entering a New Era, has received high acclaim from executives, journalists, think tanks, and thought leaders across the Arab world. Using primarily sources from the region, Avi provides a professional, rare insider's view. He clearly and insightfully contextualizes regional events, skillfully helping the reader build a multidimensional picture of the Middle East at the threshold of 2022. He also challenges common Western concepts, narratives, and theories. Offers an out of the box idea that could lead to a positive breakthrough in the Israeli- Palestinian conflict. And provides predictions about some of the most central issues of the day.
Avi is the founder and creator of Feenjan – Israel speaks Arabic, a non-profit initiative which presents contemporary Israeli society and culture to the Arab world in Arabic and is as a platform for Israelis and Arabs to discover and discuss issues of common interest. And in the private sector, facilitates relationships between Israeli and international firms and potential partners in the Arab world.
As an Author, Educator, Expert, and Strategic Intelligence Analyst, Avi provides intelligence analysis, briefings and tours to diplomats, Israeli and foreign policy makers, global media outlets, and a wide variety of international businesses, organizations, and private clients on a range of Israel and Middle East Affairs.
An Israeli Jew, fluent in Arabic, English and Hebrew, with a unique understanding of Arab society and culture, Avi has his finger on the pulse on the Arab world. He has a proven record of foreseeing the evolution of events in the Middle East and their impact on a local and regional level.
The Middle East is a Chain of Links. What Happens in one-part impacts what happens in another - And what happens in the Middle East does not stay in the Middle East. Author, Educator, Lecturer, Entrepreneur, Intelligence Analyst, Middle East Expert, Avi Melamed Takes You Inside the Middle East. His decades of experience in Government, Senior Advisory, Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism in Arab cities and communities throughout the region Help You Connect The Dots and Build A Three Dimensional Picture of Reality.
Through all of his efforts, as an analyst, educator, entrepreneur, and writer, he is a bridge builder, and dedicates himself to enhancing the Arabic, English and Hebrew speaking audience’s comprehensive understanding of the Middle East and of each other.
Avi is currently spearheading ITME’s newest project – a six-part documentary series on Jerusalem. The Seam Line is currently in production and scheduled to be released in late 2023.
Contact Info:
Israel Mobile +972-50-540-9905
US Mobile 202-316-9252
Email avi@avimelamed.com;
Website https://insidethemiddle-east.com; Twitter @AviMelamed; Facebook @InsideTheMiddelEast

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Yes we did miss the boat when it came to Jerusalem and Judea and Samaria as well, I case could be made for the dog that run away from it's original owner over and over, only to be returned to it's original owner only to run away again over and over, one would finally ask why...? May be because its original owner was mistreating the dog to begin with, as Chosen People we owe it to be different, specially in social issues.
The book makes you think above all. It makes you wonder what did we do in Lebanon war, should that energy not have being used to built a better Jerusalem and etc... I just got back from visiting Israel, after a 15 years absence, what have we done not only to Jerusalem, but also to the whole country??? Let remember why we exist as nation, ...to be the people of the Book and the Law (Torah). As Isaiah said... " Zion shall be redeemed by justice... by righteousness. (Isaiah 1:27) "
Amir I don't agree with you from time to time, but I'm proud to be your friend and to see that Israel got true hero as you're, above all not scared to speak the true, even if the true hurts.
(June 21) - This book, published in 1999 and just released in paperback, is an account of Israel's relations with the Arabs of eastern Jerusalem since the 1967 war. To Order...
Drawing on a rich cache of documents, including "secret" memos and minutes of Jerusalem municipality deliberations and personal recollections, the authors (two of them former mayoral advisers on Arab affairs) argue that Israel's administration of the Arab sectors has been a colossal failure. They charge policy-makers on both the municipal and national levels with bureaucratic ineptitude, deliberate discrimination against the Arabs in providing housing and public services, expropriation of Arab land and missed opportunities to forge understanding with local Arab leaders.
The authors grudgingly acknowledge "several small projects" implemented during the long tenure of Mayor Teddy Kollek, noting that he was "quick to point [these] out to critics who say Israel has done nothing to improve conditions for Arab residents." They credit Kollek with better intentions than most who had a hand in shaping policy, but even he is not excluded from the accusation that Israel has, by and large, been guilty of duplicity.
"To the world, Israel presented itself as an enlightened ruler of a troubled city. In reality, while pursuing what for the Jewish state was the logical goal of fortifying its claims to Jerusalem, the city's non-Jewish residents suffered greatly."
The book maintains that Israel's policies have been driven by "two basic principles" adopted shortly after the Six Day War. "The first was to rapidly increase the Jewish population of east Jerusalem. The second was to hinder the growth of the Arab population and to force Arab residents to make their homes elsewhere."
As one example among many, it includes a table from a 1993 municipality report, "Potential Housing Construction in Jerusalem." The table, the authors insist, delimits "the maximum number of units the Israeli administration had determined could be built in each Arab neighborhood without precipitating a change in the ratio of Arabs to Jews in the city population."
THE INDICTMENT of Israel, while impassioned, is seriously unbalanced. The work plays down or ignores the improvements in public services and quality of life that have taken place in Arab villages that are now part of Jerusalem. Inadequate as this progress may have been, it is in sharp contrast to the neglect these sites suffered under the previous administration of Jordan.
The book also fails to spell out the unique historical and religious imperatives that link Israel to the Old City and its environs beyond the pre-1967 Green Line. Nor does it take note of the wanton destruction and seizures of Jewish property and sacred sites in the years before the city's reunification. For example, it reports that the plan to build Neveh Ya'acov in northern Jerusalem called for the expropriation of 3,200 dunams, mostly belonging to Arab residents, but does not mention the Jewish community of that name that existed there before being overrun in 1948.
Running through the litany of Israel's offenses is the assertion that better ties with local Arab leaders across the 1967 boundaries and more equitable treatment of their communities would have enhanced Israel's bargaining position in the post-Oslo negotiations on the city's future. Logical as this sounds, the thesis is difficult to sustain. As the authors themselves amply demonstate, the PLO rode herd on the local leadership and injected its nationalist agenda into virtually every attempt to promote dialogue and cooperation on the local level. In other words, what mattered was how these local initiatives would contribute to the PLO's unwavering objective to reverse the results of 1967.
The study ends before the election of prime minister Ehud Barak, and well before the Palestine Authority's bloody response to the Barak government's unprecedented offer of almost all of the West Bank and large chunks of eastern Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount. Perhaps this sobering outcome would have tempered the book's optimistic conclusion that doing more in earlier years might have reinforced Palestinian readiness to accept Israeli sovereignty in the city. At least one hopes so.
The reviewer, professor emeritus of the City University of New York, is former national chairman of the American Professors for Peace in the Middle East.
