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Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness Reprint Edition
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Penrose contends that some aspects of the human mind lie beyond computation. This is not a religious argument (that the mind is something other than physical) nor is it based on the brain's vast complexity (the weather is immensely complex, says Penrose, but it is still a computable thing, at least in theory). Instead, he provides powerful arguments to support his conclusion that there is something in the conscious activity of the brain that transcends computation--and will find no explanation in terms of present-day science. To illuminate what he believes this "something" might be, and to suggest where a new physics must proceed so that we may understand it, Penrose cuts a wide swathe through modern science, providing penetrating looks at everything from Turing machines (computers programmed from artificial intelligence) to the implications of Godel's theorem maintaining that conscious thinking must indeed involve ingredients that cannot adequately be stimulated by mere
computation. Of particular interest is Penrose's extensive examination of quantum mechanics, which introduces some new ideas that differ markedly from those advanced in The Emperor's New Mind, especially concerning the mysterious interface where classical and quantum physics meet. But perhaps the most interesting wrinkle in Shadows of the Mind is Penrose's excursion into microbiology, where he examines cytoskeletons and microtubules, minute substructures lying deep within the brain's neurons. (He argues that microtubules--not neurons--may indeed be the basic units of the brain, which, if nothing else, would dramatically increase the brain's computational power.) Furthermore, he contends that in consciousness some kind of global quantum state must take place across large areas of the brain, and that it within microtubules that these collective quantum effects are most likely to reside.
For physics to accommodate something that is as foreign to our current physical picture as is the phenomenon of consciousness, we must expect a profound change--one that alters the very underpinnings of our philosophical viewpoint as to the nature of reality. Shadows of the Mind provides an illuminating look at where these profound changes may take place and what our future understanding of the world may be.
- ISBN-100195106466
- ISBN-13978-0195106466
- EditionReprint
- PublisherOxford University Press
- Publication dateAugust 22, 1996
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions9.22 x 6.14 x 0.97 inches
- Print length480 pages
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"[Roger Penrose is] one of the greatest mathematical physicists alive....A work of breathtaking scope and richness....One certainly comes away from the book exhilarated by new metaphysical vistas."--The Wall Street Journal
"Provocative."--American Scientist
"Penrose reveals several worlds that are normally very hard to see but that thanks to his guidance are thrilling to imagine."--The New York Times
About the Author
Roger Penrose is the Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematic at the University of Oxford. He is the author of The Emperor's New Mind, which was a New York Times bestseller and was awarded the UK's 1990 COPUS Prize for science writing. In 1988, he received the internationally prestigious Wolf Prize for physics, shared with Stephen Hawking, for their joint contribution to our understanding of the universe.
Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press; Reprint edition (August 22, 1996)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 480 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0195106466
- ISBN-13 : 978-0195106466
- Item Weight : 1.47 pounds
- Dimensions : 9.22 x 6.14 x 0.97 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #109,936 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #149 in Consciousness & Thought Philosophy
- #161 in Artificial Intelligence & Semantics
- #263 in Popular Psychology Counseling
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The book is a neat sequel to his "The Emperor's New Mind", extending the central theme that our little-understood human consciousness allows us to think way beyond the computational and mindless world of artificial intelligence.
In doing so, we have a marvellous survey of classical and modern physics, including the mysteries of the quantum world.
Sir Roger raises the question 'Will we ever be able to truly understand our own Nature-provided brain and its processes in terms of our own science?', and argues that, somewhere out there beyond our present reach, there is a unifying Platonic view of the Universe.
This book is a tour de force on several planes. Highly recommended.
I was not persuaded by Penrose' own theory at all. The only connection between quantum mechanics and consciousness is that they are both mysterious. Moreover, it is the qualia of consciousness that is mysterious, not the fact that we are non-algorithmic.
Consciousness, the putative concern of the book, is never defined and in lieu of even the suggestion of an answer all the reader gets is a Platonic sales pitch.
Although I do own the "Road to Reality" I will not read it without first reading the ending to be sure I am not wasting my time on yet another ambush.
Top reviews from other countries
Penrose is known as a critic of artificial intelligence research, and in this controversial book he attempts to analyse the true nature of intelligence and consciousness by refuting the assertion that true intelligence can be attained or simulated by computational means.
His arguments are premised on a controversial paper by John Lucas, the Oxford philosopher, in which he attempted to prove that Godel’s famous theorem of mathematical logic called “The Second Incompleteness Theorem” suggests that human intelligence can’t be simulated by any computer configured as a Turin machine. Penrose agrees, differing from many scientists and mathematicians in being convinced that the functionality of the human brain has nothing to do with currently known physics or chemistry.
Penrose believes that non-computational processes do somehow operate within the brain, and that we need a new law of physics to account for them. He discusses in considerable and somewhat tortuous detail difficult concepts from quantum mechanics and computational science to convince the reader of his argument. These explanations though not especially complex mathematically require a deep understanding and following of the arguments, and which I, as a non-mathematician, found hard to absorb.
The arguments are so convoluted and repetitive that I found myself constantly losing the point of the book. I even wondered whether the book should have written in reverse, with the final chapters first, so that at least we would have a firm basis on which to try and follow the reasoning. Some of Penrose’s arguments were rewarding to read, but sadly I had to skip many of them. Such a shame because much of the discussion about whether computer programmes could simulate intelligence should be fascinating, but it was just hard work.
For me, the saving grace of this book is the second part, which is an excellent introduction to the foundation of quantum mechanics with respect to the phenomenon of consciousness. Here Penrose speculates on the role of microtubules, cellular structures within the brain’s neurons, in creating a quantum phenomenon on a macroscopic scale within the brain. And finally, he steps back and takes a philosophical view of consciousness, offering no answers but leaving much food for thought. There was much to be learnt here, and it is worth buying the book just for this section.








