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Smellosophy: What the Nose Tells the Mind Hardcover – July 14, 2020

4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 55 ratings

A pioneering exploration of olfaction that upsets settled notions of how the brain translates sensory information.

Decades of cognition research have shown that external stimuli “spark” neural patterns in particular regions of the brain. This has fostered a view of the brain as a space that we can map: here the brain responds to faces, there it perceives a sensation in your left hand. But it turns out that the sense of smell―only recently attracting broader attention in neuroscience―doesn’t work this way. A. S. Barwich asks a deceptively simple question: What does the nose tell the brain, and how does the brain understand it?

Barwich interviews experts in neuroscience, psychology, chemistry, and perfumery in an effort to understand the biological mechanics and myriad meanings of odors. She argues that it is time to stop recycling ideas based on the paradigm of vision for the olfactory system. Scents are often fickle and boundless in comparison with visual images, and they do not line up with well-defined neural regions. Although olfaction remains a puzzle, Barwich proposes that what we know suggests the brain acts not only like a map but also as a measuring device, one that senses and processes simple and complex odors.

Accounting for the sense of smell upsets theories of perception philosophers have developed. In their place,
Smellosophy articulates a new model for understanding how the brain represents sensory information.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“This is a special book…Barwich does philosophy that is empirically directed and historically informed. It teaches readers a lot about olfaction. It teaches us even more about what philosophy can be.”Rachel Fraser, Times Literary Supplement

“Seeks to banish entrenched prejudice against the nose. Barwich…argues that we could discover far more about consciousness if we would only relinquish our old-school fixation on
sight…Rather than mapping the external world and constructing an accurate representation of it in the brain, our sense of smell seems to involve a continuous, ever-shifting negotiation between our interior and exterior lives.”Harper’s

“Lively, authoritative…Aims to rehabilitate smell’s neglected and marginalized status.”
Mike Jay, Wall Street Journal

“Barwich writes with charm and precision about our preconceptions of how the olfactory system works and how it is different from the other sensory mechanisms that keep us alive and (relatively) safe…An illuminating discussion of the interface between the logical coherence of philosophy and the empirical disciplines of science.”
Michael Bywater, The Spectator

“Barwich melds a philosophical perspective with a rich history of olfactory science, tackling big questions with layers of perceptual, psychological, and neurobiological explanations…She offers rich discussions of olfactory perception, the conscious and subconscious impacts of smell on behavior and emotion, and the physical and behavioral details that determine what odors we inhale, furnishing broad insights into the psychology of olfaction.”
John P. McGann, Science

“A beguiling analysis of olfactory experience that is fast becoming a core reference work in the field.”
Joe Humphreys, Irish Times

“Barwich takes us deeper into the human stories, key advances, and dead ends of olfaction science, interspersed with philosophical theory…A timely dispatch from the research trenches, surveying a field in flux.”
Barbara Kiser, Issues in Science and Technology

“An impressive work…Undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive and accessible studies of olfaction…Barwich brilliantly dovetails psychology with neurophysiology, detailing how olfaction operates by markedly distinct principles of neural representation in comparison with vision, audition, and somatosensation.”
Ekin Erkan, Perception

“Barwich guides the reader into the fascinating science (both historical and contemporary) of odors and olfaction.”
Brad Thompson, The Philosophers’ Magazine

“Finding out why mint smells different from a skunk’s spray turns out to be a much harder problem than why red looks different from blue. Barwich tells the fascinating story of why the science of smell has gone down many a false trail, and why the sciences of vision and audition made breakthroughs while olfaction remained mired in mystery.
Smellosophy taught me a lot about my brain’s smelly world.”Patricia Churchland, author of Conscience: The Origins of Moral Intuition

“A. S. Barwich’s new book, written with passion and infectious delight, unites history, art, philosophy, and in-depth interviews with pioneers in modern olfaction science. The result will enhance every reader’s appreciation for the role of smell in human life.”
Gordon M. Shepherd, author of Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and Why It Matters

“Lewis Thomas famously remarked that smell contains ‘all the mysteries’ of biology; figure it out and you will have solved most of them. A. S. Barwich is a superb documentarian of the science behind how the brain detects an enormous range of odorous molecules, while also capturing the wonder of perceiving complex smells that form lasting emotional memories.
Smellosophy is a unique and wondrous blend of the science of smell, the art and practice of research, the philosophy of consciousness, and ‘all the mysteries’ in between.”Stuart Firestein, author of Ignorance: How It Drives Science

“This is the book on perception we have been waiting for: a scientifically-informed and philosophically astute treatment of our elusive sense of smell. A. S. Barwich skillfully guides us through the history of its study, recent discoveries, and philosophical theorizing about smell, and, in doing so, makes a significant contribution to all three.”
Barry C. Smith, Centre for the Study of the Senses, University of London

“Fabulous…[A] serious work that [has] brought me a great deal of pleasure.”
Victoria Moore, Daily Telegraph

“A love letter to olfaction. This book effortlessly blends science and philosophy and is a must-read for anyone with a sense of smell.”
Leslie B. Vosshall, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Rockefeller University

“Well-written and engaging,
Smellosophy transforms the breakdown of complex concepts into a really good read. This book is an astonishing integration of all aspects of olfaction, relevant to scientists across disciplines as well as to any reader interested in the aromas of wine, coffee, and other scents hidden in our daily experiences.”Ann Noble, creator of the Wine Aroma Wheel

“Barwich brings the curious science of smell to life through interviews with many of its key players. If you relish mysteries and constructing the logic to solve them, read
Smellosophy.”Terry Acree, Department of Food Science, Cornell University

“Makes a strong case for rethinking the scientific study of odor perception…
Smellosophy works to shape olfaction studies―and neuroscience writ large.”Nedah N. Nemati, History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences

“Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, when many people temporarily lost their ability to detect smell (and the closely connected sense of taste), this book’s topic is an impetus for important scientific exploration…
Smellosophy makes a strong case for rethinking the scientific study of odor perception.”David Upegui, American Biology Teacher

About the Author

A. S. Barwich is Assistant Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University Bloomington. She has been a Presidential Scholar in Society and Neuroscience at Columbia University’s Center for Science and Society and has held a Research Fellowship at the Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research in Vienna. Her website is www.smellosophy.com.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard University Press (July 14, 2020)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0674983696
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0674983694
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.34 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.75 x 1 x 8.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 55 ratings

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on August 17, 2023
    Loved listening to Smellosophy. Very intellectual coverage of the entirety of current understanding of smell, stopping just shy of explaining smell 'qualia creation' in the brain which has obviously not been discovered yet. I had no idea the level of specifity scientists have on how the receptors and olfactory bulb work.
  • Reviewed in the United States on September 9, 2020
    Great read. Heady and smart; good for the expert or the layman.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on November 28, 2021
    While I found much of interest, I gave up on p.166. “Smellosophy” is padded with verbosity, repetition, frequent uses of extensive quotes. It is not that Barwich cannot write good prose, it is that she has a problem getting to the point. She only occasionally seems interested in conveying the experimental evidence for conclusions.

    Smell is more important than the layman may realize, as much of its impact on behavior/emotion occurs below the level of consciousness. Remarkably, “the olfactory receptors constitute the largest protein gene family in most mammalian genomes (except for that of dolphins)” – I assume other cetaceans have not been studied, but I infer that humans have for Barwich does not seem to believe that humans have less potential for odor perception than other mammals. Complicating things, “olfactory receptors do not respond exclusively to a specific ligand or uniform group of ligands”. Moreover, “structurally distinct molecules can cause remarkably similar odors”. While “depending on the context, the perceptual quality of otherwise identical odorous mixtures can be experienced quite differently”, each odorant yielded a unique receptor activation pattern, like a fingerprint. Humans have trouble identifying even familiar smells without visual cues, and their description of the qualities of what they smell can be heavily influenced by the visual. Yet, “behavioral studies tell that odor perception is remarkably constant” (I am not sure if this includes studies on humans and I infer that context like visuals are held constant).
    The receptors for smell were not discovered until 1991, and much is unknown; e.g. it is not known how intensity is perceived. Interestingly, when dogs follow a trail of scent to its source, they do it by circling and sniffing around the scented trail. In cases where concentration alters the perceived odor, it has been explained that “there are two different odor-active sites on one odorant (much like two different epitopes on one antigen)”, but a higher concentration is required for one of the sites to register.
    6 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on August 12, 2020
    This book, while primarily targeted at academic (or very curious, or people for whom smell is a part of work) audiences, has a lot to offer:
    - a complete description of what we know about smell and how we came to learn about it, including a history of how smell has been theorized since Antiquity;
    - a study of how research is made, how the incorporation of new tools from adjacent fields can introduce new framings, and even if these are not successful, discard unhelpful hypothesis;
    - an explanation of how experts (sommelier etc) develop their abilities;
    - and let's say a 'thought-experiment' to neuroscientists and philosophers.

    It is easy to read, although it would have benefited from explanatory figures in the first chapters.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on March 13, 2022
    I was truly excited to see this book published. After developing an interest in olfaction and reading "Emperor of Scent," I was eager to get an updated and more comprehensive take on the topic.

    One of the reviews on the back cover says something to the effect of, anyone who has an olfactory sense will appreciate this book. Ha! If only that was true. I have a strong background in reading primary medical literature and an interest in the subject matter, and the book was directed to the general public, so I figured this would be great. This book is so poorly written, it is really quite unfortunate. I'm wondering if anyone actually proofread it before publishing. It suffers most acutely from having no sense of direction or purpose; it's just a smattering of information on olfaction, much of it only tangentially related. A good chunk of the content was difficult to comprehend and not explained at all, just presented to the reader as if they already had a fairly competent understanding of neurophysiology.

    The worst part was the frequent use of lengthy quotations from the author's interviews with others in the field. These are present on nearly every page, disrupt the flow of a book (which is already difficult to read), and is simply bizarre in the frequency and type of use. We're talking whole paragraphs of direct quotes, over and over again. My impression was that the author did not have enough original material and needed fillers, and decided to just splice up the interviews to get what should have and could have been a long article, to book length instead.

    So, if another author is reading this, and planning to write a book on the topic - go for it. I gave up reading this one around page 130. I rated it two stars for the one or two things I learned, buried deep in the archane details of this book.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 21, 2021
    The publisher included a recorded note in the opening seconds of the audio recording that cheerfully informs you that the illustrations and charts from the book’s print edition are not available to you. I wish that rather than recording this blurb they just added a PDF.

    Audible has a very functional and easy way for publishers to add a pdf with such content, and it’s easy for listeners to access with just one click as you listen. Of course not if it wasn’t included in the first place.

    C’mon publishers! If you want my money, put some work into this. This is lazy and careless.
    2 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

  • Blair Bowman
    5.0 out of 5 stars Fantastic!
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 18, 2020
    A fascinating deep-dive into olfaction. Would highly recommend.