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Snark, It's Mean, It's Personal, and It's Ruining Our conversation Hardcover – January 13, 2009
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In this highly entertaining essay, Denby traces the history of snark through the ages, starting with its invention as personal insult in the drinking clubs of ancient Athens, tracking its development all the way to the age of the Internet, where it has become the sole purpose and style of many media, political, and celebrity Web sites. Snark releases the anguish of the dispossessed, envious, and frightened; it flows when a dying class of the powerful struggles to keep the barbarians outside the gates, or, alternately, when those outsiders want to take over the halls of the powerful and expel the office-holders. Snark was behind the London-based magazine Private Eye, launched amid the dying embers of the British empire in 1961; it was also central to the career-hungry, New York-based magazine Spy. It has flourished over the years in the works of everyone from the startling Roman poet Juvenal to Alexander Pope to Tom Wolfe to a million commenters snarling at other people behind handles. Thanks to the grand dame of snark, it has a prominent place twice a week on the opinion page of the New York Times.
Denby has fun snarking the snarkers, expelling the bums and promoting the true wits, but he is also making a serious point: the Internet has put snark on steroids. In politics, snark means the lowest, most insinuating and insulting side can win. For the young, a savage piece of gossip could ruin a reputation and possibly a future career. And for all of us, snark just sucks the humor out of life. Denby defends the right of any of us to be cruel, but shows us how the real pros pull it off. Snark, he says, is for the amateurs.
- Print length144 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherSimon & Schuster
- Publication dateJanuary 13, 2009
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.75 x 8.75 inches
- ISBN-101416599452
- ISBN-13978-1416599456
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- Publisher : Simon & Schuster; First Edition (January 13, 2009)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 144 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1416599452
- ISBN-13 : 978-1416599456
- Item Weight : 9 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.75 x 8.75 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #3,103,981 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #11,699 in Popular Culture in Social Sciences
- #43,450 in Sociology (Books)
- #59,093 in Humor (Books)
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The subject is something that you should have at least a vague knowledge or sense of because one day it will blindside you or your company. A nice example is to monitor the writing of any Gawker writer - see how often one day's post will contradict the one that came before it. That's because they write considering only the immediate post at hand (partly because of the economics of it) and it prevents them from developing a coherent editorial voice. Since everything has to be controversial or critical, what they write ultimately is never about what they have to say but the way in which they have to say it. It's more sad than anything else.
Still, the book is nowhere near as bad as some of the (snarky) reviewers are trying to make it sound. Rather, the author got in over his head and the work suffers for it.
Well worth reading, and perhaps more of a self-evaluation book than I'd imagined. Thank you, Mr. Denby!
I love how Denby differentiates angry, necessary Jonathan Swift-type "snark" from empty-headed bad snark, which has taken over a lot of the media and is trivial, small-minded, and nasty.
Nevertheless, it is a small book so I plowed on. As the examples of right-wing snark piled up, I became fascinated by the total omission of any left leaning examples. It is not until page 66 of 128 total pages, that Mr. Denby finally gives readers an example in which both the perpetrator is not a Republican, and the victim is not a Democrat.
Out of all the potential examples of left leaning snark, can you guess who Mr. Denby cites as the offender? A Clinton? An Obama operative? A NY Times piece? MSNBC? Nope.... We're treated to a rather bland example uttered by Democratic Operative Paul Begala.
To make matters worse for any conservative or open-minded reader, Mr. Denby immediately counters this with his very next sentence, giving us a "Comparable example from the right." (I suppose just in case we missed any of the previous 250 examples. Hey..... I think I just demonstrated the use of snark.)
Denby gives us nothing to consider that is even remotely even handed, highlighting examples of "Sarah Palin's mean-girl assaults on Barack Obama." Yikes!! If nothing more than to create the illusion of a serious approach to the subject, (thereby gaining credibility with a wider audience) the author fails to highlight one single example in which Sarah Palin was the victim of snark. Not one.
Denby never states that the problem of snark is exclusively a conservative issue. It is just that nearly 100% of the examples given throughout the book are perpetrated by conservatives or Republican politicians. Even when the given examples are generated by recognized liberal members of the media, the target of the example is inevitably a Democrat.
This is evident throughout the chapter focusing on Maureen Dowd of the New York Times. Denby doesn't use this opportunity to bring any balance to the book's subject. Rather his examples illustrate how Dowd's use of snark has hurt Al Gore, the Clintons and Obama. The point he seems to be making is that Dowd, through the use of snark, fails to utilize her wondrous talent to offer a more sustained attack on George Bush.
It gets better.... or worse. In the section called the "8th Principle of Snark: The Pacemaker Principle - the Attack on the Old" - Denby fails to offer an example in which John McCain was mocked/snarked regarding his age. Instead, Denby gives us the following (edited for space): "Snark functions as ill humor applied to a universal condition...... Which means we might lose whatever good things the old might give us - perspective, depth, gravity, all things anathema to snark. The old - and not just the ones running for president, who deserve it - get their slowness clocked, their verbal flummoxes written down, blah, blah..... etc." Just brutal.
It is clearly the author's prerogative to construct his essay as he sees fit and to give any example he so chooses. I simply wish I had known I was purchasing a political Op Ed piece, as opposed to what I hoped would be a well constructed, unbiased, academic examination of the erosion of communication and the way the media operates.
In the end, I drew a conclusion that was unintended by the author when he stated that Keith Olbermann's tirades are "voluminously factual & astoundingly syntactical." Yes... after 117 pages of Republican generated snark, Mr. Denby gives Keith Olbermann a total pass and praises him for his passion, committment and ferocious memory. It was then I realized what I already suspected: snark is completely subjective.
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The author of this snappy little book is New York Times/Vanity Fair film reviewer David Denby, so once it gets beyond its survey of classical era snark, most modern examples are from the US (though it does have a brief section on Private Eye). As others have noted, the main problem with the book is that it fails to really make a distinction between snark and other similar types of humour like sarcasm, satire or just plain cruel comedy. Snark seems to be a cross between sneering - from which we get the sn - and sarcasm - the arc(k) - and its most potent weapon is the unanswerable put-down. Able to smear and besmirch a reputation without the need to bother with facts or sources, snark is a modern day venom continuously being injected into the cultural bloodstream, taking down the worthy and unworthy alike. It is no coincidence that it has become ever more prevalent with the rise of the net and digital media and the concomitant celebrity gossip overload. The book is entertaining and diverting, and though brief is long enough for the subject at hand - you wouldn't want to read 200 pages of this stuff. But it does all seem to boil down to a matter of Denby's own personal taste of what is snark and what isn't. Nor do I think that its plea for an end to snarking will be heeded.
It's an interesting read in the light of the continuing fallout from the Ross/Brand/Sachs affair. (The departure of Jonathan Ross from the BBC due to the non-renewal of his contract and Russell Brand's take on the whole matter in his Booky Wook 2 - and his interviews promoting it, like the hugely entertaining encounter with Paxman on Newsnight). As an aside, it's a nice irony that largely due to the pressure applied by The Daily Mail's relentless campaigning about the whole sorry situation, the happily married teetotal monogamous middle aged white male (Ross) has been replaced by an even more smutty minded camp giggly gay bloke (Norton) - nice one Beeb and ha ha Daily Mail.
Anyway, the Corporation's post R/B/S `compliance' guidelines for their comedy output, clearly intended to prevent such a situation recurring, are unusual in that they are aimed at the writing stage, despite the R/B/S situation being an editorial failure. The BBC is running scared and has now created a situation where writers are worried about committing comedy thoughtcrimes. This is an entirely pointless over-reaction, but sadly not an uncommon one these days. However, it did have the occasional benefit, for example the resignation of the detestable Frankie Boyle from the miserable Mock The Week. And what has this to do with the book I'm supposedly reviewing? Well, I would suggest that Boyle is an arch exponent of snark - his spiel consisting of little more than indiscriminate sneering at the just and the unjust alike - with his tabloid column being the woeful nadir of it though I guess that The Sun material is just a dumping ground for his rejects. The problem is of course that going too far down the compliance route leads to blandness through fear of upsetting the vicar. So, sadly, it seems that snark and Frankie Boyle are the price we have pay for also being allowed to enjoy intelligent, adult and challenging material as well.
The book tackles none of these things, when doing so would have been entirely valid. The author's focus from page one seems to be on trying to make sure he writes as complexly as possible and giving as many reasons as he can for writing about this topic; almost as if he feels he needs to justify why he shouldn't be attacked for writing it in the first place.
First and foremost it isn't remotely funny. All the book really does is roll out an example that was published somewhere, try to argue whether or not what's written is "snark", and moves on to the next chapter.
And although this is repeated several times (each chapter is a variation on this theme), the book still fails to really define the meaning of "snark" particularly well, instead trying to define what is isn't in order to leave a simple description of what it is, which doesn't work at all as well as he thinks it does. It isn't half as cutting as I was hoping it would be, and uses thoroughly boring examples as it fails to illustrate any of its points.
Whether or not there are better books out there on the subject, I don't know, but this isn't worth even boring from the library. It won't leave you any wiser on what snark is, any more able to spot it in today's journalism, or laughing at the authors insightful, cutting remarks.
It is timely in this age of cyber-bullying, of the 24 hours new cycle and the mistaking of opinion and rant for fact and truth that the hyper-information age of the internet has brought.
It is satisfying in the application of its central concept, the Snark, over a wide ranging canvas that takes in the ancient world to Obama's America, and the writing is pacey and urgent.
The central concept is taken from the epic nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll, "the Hunting of the Snark." A bunch of characters representing key trades in Victorian England (Butcher, Baker etc.) and led by "the Bellman" hunt a creature that is never defined, except, as Denby underlines, in the sinister closing lines of the poem, when the Snark turns out to be not the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow but a deadly nightmare capable of erasing life, the Boojum.
That Snark is a wild good chase, a day dream but with hidden deadliness is stretched by Denby to be the defining features of an attitude in the media and Zeitgeist that he is attacking. This does seem a laboured and thin application to begin with. But it is testament to Denby's skill as a writer that he succeeds.
His Snark is an attack that might read like satire or critical invective, but which has no value base that it is drawing from and defending. He goes to the ancient world and the classical world and on, taking in Juvenal, Alexander Pope and Swift. The first and second both Satirists and at times Snarks, the second a satirist first and foremost as with the much celebrated "A Modest Proposal." Denby also uses contemporaries in the media as benchmarks of what is not Snark, which is righteous invective, criticism and vituperative prose that is attacking something for being an affront to values that matter.
His contemporary Snarks are not only the snide opinion writers in mainstream journalism (who attack with a cynicism that overrides everything, and have nothing to defend or maintain in the way of values) of which he gives Maureen Dowd of the New York times the dubious honour of being a paragon, but also the anonymous bloggers and posters of the internet who create a climate of smear and everlasting smears that can be googled forevermore. The boojum like deadliness of this on reputation, character and life Denby traces from early victims of ancient Greek poets who committed suicide after written attacks, to those young people to whom reputation is everything, and who might find themselves sexually exposed and humiliated on sites like the indefensible "Juicy Campus."
And it's this new power of superfast anonymous communication and its misuse that makes this a timely and urgent read. Cyber-bullying is an issue now in the news with the horrific consequences of the abuse of Facebook. "Snark: A Polemic in Seven Fits" should be a key text for energy, inspiration and ideas for all those, either government policy makers or concerned citizens, who want to do something about it.
The central failing is that Denby fails to strongly define snark beyond a vague sense of "not very funny insult". It has particular properties - it's mean and personal, apparently, and requires knowingness, but only of a certain kind - but from his own examples, these properties are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions. The "Fourth Fit" (the chapters are "fits" in a merely nominal allusion to Carroll) is entitled "Anatomy of a Style", and raises hope of at least a qualitative description. It is here that we are supposed to believe that one of the essential principles of snark is "Attack Expensive, Underperforming Restaurants". In such a context, analysis or even meaningful identification of snark is difficult.
Without a central thesis or a clear sense of its subject, the book reads as a disconnected pile of complaints and the occasional, paragraph-long and soon-forgotten insight. The snark piles up to add breadth, and increase the word count, but ideas proposed are seldom revisited, and do not build towards any conclusions. The two-chapter "history" of snark makes a rare attempt to knit together a sense of integrity, linking a half-dozen practitioners of snark over several thousand years, but is unconvincing. The aforementioned "principles" are, on closer inspection, a mixture of qualities of snark, and categorised examples of snark by subject and practitioner: a poorly-disguised catalogue of invective. The need to vent is no more obvious than in the penultimate "fit", a charmless takedown of the writing of someone called Maureen Dowd. While I'm sure this is of great personal significance to the author, it has nothing to offer the reader.
Off-topic tangents are frequent, and do much to expose the author's pet hates. My interest waned as the author spent several pages espousing a life cycle of celebrity media exposure of which snark is but a small component. When Denby attempts to critique the Washington blog "Wonkette" for its snark-heavy output, he meaninglessly extends his criticism to the Gawker Network of blogs. This is obvious nonsense: in what sense are gadget-fetish blog Gizmodo, or DIY haven Livehacker, snarky? It reads like an uncritical sneer, and has no place in a book that dares to take others to task for fuzzily-conceived put-downs. In any work these would break the discursive flow, but in a 120-page paperback they reek of padding.
Ultimately, the blurb's "manifesto" promise seems like a sham, the book a poorly-disguised vector for complaints the author could not wrestle into an actual argument. The final, discursively redundant chapter on invective that the author does not consider to be snark reads like a desperate attempt to rebut such an accusation. I do not take issue with Denby's irritations, and there are insights which would merit further discussion. However the balance is so heavily tipped in favour of the former that the latter is simply not worth extracting. While there is a fantastic book to be written about snark, this is not it.
There are several traps to fall into en-route, and Denby briefly falls into a few of them. First and foremost he is guilty on more than one occasion of 'snarking' himself- not least when an entire chapter is dedicated to a critique of just one journalist (Maureen Down).
What makes this book amusing is not so much Denby's writing, but some of the articles and writing that he quotes- and he can't disguise that some of this 'terrible' snarking is pretty funny. Not big and not clever, sure, but it is funny. I'm sorry but it is.
Denby makes absolutely no secret of his left-of-centre political affiliations. The most covered topic in the book is the election of Barack Obama in 2008, and Denby makes no apology for entirely undermining the Republican statements in minute detail, whilst making no attempt to critique anything said *by* a Democrat at all.
For a British reader, Denby is an American journalist and it is understandably heavily America-centric. There is some acknowledgement of the 1960s Private Eye but every other cultural reference is US-of-American in origin. I did feel for this reason I may be missing one or two things by not being familiar with the famous writers and presenters being referred to.
Because of these biases, I feel that this is a book that will only end up preaching to the converted, especially to a British audience.
A noble effort of an essay, and ultimately 'correct', but slightly flawed in places.
