| Print List Price: | $22.99 |
| Kindle Price: | $13.99 Save $9.00 (39%) |
| Sold by: | Hachette Book Group Price set by seller. |
Your Memberships & Subscriptions
Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.
Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.
Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.
Image Unavailable
Color:
-
-
-
- To view this video download Flash Player
-
-
2 VIDEOS -
Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America Kindle Edition
Some Americans insist that we're living in a post-racial society. But racist thought is not just alive and well in America--it is more sophisticated and more insidious than ever. And as award-winning historian Ibram X. Kendi argues, racist ideas have a long and lingering history, one in which nearly every great American thinker is complicit.
In this deeply researched and fast-moving narrative, Kendi chronicles the entire story of anti-black racist ideas and their staggering power over the course of American history. He uses the life stories of five major American intellectuals to drive this history: Puritan minister Cotton Mather, Thomas Jefferson, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, W.E.B. Du Bois, and legendary activist Angela Davis.
As Kendi shows, racist ideas did not arise from ignorance or hatred. They were created to justify and rationalize deeply entrenched discriminatory policies and the nation's racial inequities.
In shedding light on this history, Stamped from the Beginning offers us the tools we need to expose racist thinking. In the process, he gives us reason to hope.
Praise for Stamped from the Beginning:
"We often describe a wonderful book as 'mind-blowing' or 'life-changing' but I've found this rarely to actually be the case. I found both descriptions accurate for Ibram X. Kendi's Stamped from the Beginning... I will never look at racial discrimination again after reading this marvellous, ambitious, and clear-sighted book." - George Saunders, Financial Times, Best Books of 2017
"Ambitious, well-researched and worth the time of anyone who wants to understand racism." - Seattle Times
"A deep (and often disturbing) chronicling of how anti-black thinking has entrenched itself in the fabric of American society." - The Atlantic
- Winner of the 2016 National Book Award for Nonfiction
- A New York Times Bestseller
- A Washington Post Bestseller
- On President Obama's Black History Month Recommended Reading List
- Finalist for the 2016 National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction
- Named one of the Best Books of the Year by the Boston Globe, Washington Post, Chicago Review of Books, The Root, Buzzfeed, Bustle, and Entropy
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBold Type Books
- Publication dateApril 12, 2016
- File size2862 KB
Customers who bought this item also bought
Racial discriminationracist ideasignorance/hate: this is the causal relationship driving America’s history of race relations.Highlighted by 7,208 Kindle readers
My definition of a racist idea is a simple one: it is any concept that regards one racial group as inferior or superior to another racial group in any way.Highlighted by 7,107 Kindle readers
Hate and ignorance have not driven the history of racist ideas in America. Racist policies have driven the history of racist ideas in America.Highlighted by 6,455 Kindle readers
From the Publisher
Editorial Reviews
Review
—The Washington Post
"Kendi has done something that's damn near impossible: write a book about racism that breaks new ground, while being written in a way that's accessible to the nonacademic. If you've ever been interested in how racist ideas spread throughout the United States, this is the book to read."
—The Root
Stamped from the Beginning is "ambitious, well-researched and worth the time of anyone who wants to understand racism."
—The Seattle Times
"Kendi admits that he is not writing to change the minds of those who produce and espouse racist ideas. Rather, in his honesty about how deeply he himself had held multiple racist ideas before embarking on the historical odyssey of this book, he gives the reader permission to accompany him on that eye-opening journey...Kendi leaves plenty of room for self-questioning, and for drawing connections between the racist apologetics of the past and those of the present. The process makes for a compelling, thoroughly enlightening, unsettling, and necessary read."
—Vox
"Stamped from the Beginning centers on five figures: Cotton Mather, Thomas Jefferson, William Lloyd Garrison, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Angela Davis. Through their lives, and with novelistic flair, Kendi details the American construction of white supremacy as a three-pronged tragedy of religion, government, and activism."
—The Stranger
"To structure his book, which he spent three years writing, Kendi built it around five major American intellectual figures: Puritan leader Cotton Mather, founding father Thomas Jefferson, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, African-American scholar W.E.B. Du Bois and activist Angela Davis. While showing the reader each of them grappling with questions of race, Kendi places them in the wider context of history with graceful, engaging prose and deeply researched details. Stamped is a book that connects everything from Mather's 17th century theological theories about the souls of Africans to Bo Derek's cornrows in the movie 10, and much more."
—Tampa Bay Times
Stamped from the Beginning provides "ever-relevant context for the white supremacist moment."
—The Dallas Morning News
"Ibram Kendi is an important new voice in African American intellectual and social history. This book, an intellectual history of racist ideas, promises to break important new ground for scholarly and general audiences interested in the construction of racism in America."
—Peniel E. Joseph, author of Stokely: A Life and Waiting 'Til the Midnight Hour
"Both a penetrating treatise and a wonderfully accessible work of intellectual history, Stamped from the Beginning reveals the heritage of ideas behind the modern dialectic of race-denial and race-obsession. By historicizing our entrenched logic of racial difference, Kendi shows why "I don't see color" and other professions of post-racialism remain inexorable alibis for white supremacy. Stamped from the Beginning has done the cause of anti-racism a great service."
—Russell Rickford, Associate Professor, Cornell University, and author of We Are an African People: Independent Education, Black Power, and the Radical Imagination
"Richly sourced and engaging, Ibram X. Kendi's Stamped from the Beginning is a highly accessible yet provocative study that seeks to complicate our understanding of racist ideas and the forces that produce them."
—Yohuru Williams, Professor of History and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Fairfield University
"In this tour de force, Kendi explores the history of racist ideas—and their connection with racist practices—across American history. Racism is the enduring scar on the American consciousness. In this ambitious, magisterial book, Kendi reveals just how deep that scar cuts and why it endures, its barely subcutaneous pain still able to flare."
—Kirkus (starred review)
"In his ambitious, illuminating, and engaging book, Ibram X. Kendi seamlessly assembles sources from Cotton Mather to Angela Davis; the Great Awakening to Black Lives Matter; the Birth of a Nation to Hip Hop culture, to show how not only race but racist ideas are at the center of American thought."
—Paula J. Giddings, EA Woodson Professor, Smith College, and author of Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching
"This heavily researched yet easily readable volume explores the roots and the effects of racism in America. The narrative smoothly weaves throughout history, culminating in the declaration that as much as we'd like it to be, America today is nowhere near the "postracial" country that the media declared following the election of Barack Obama in 2008. The hope here is that by studying and remembering the lessons of history, we may be able to move forward to an equitable society."
—Booklist
"Stamped from the Beginning is a history of how racist ideas are built, and how they are built to last. Understanding this history is essential if we want to have any hope of progress. This book will forever change the way we think about race."
—Touré, MSNBC contributor and author of Who's Afraid of Post-Blackness
"Kendi's provocative egalitarian argument combines prodigious reading and research with keen insights into the manipulative power of racist ideologies that suppress the recognition of diversity. This is a must for serious readers of American history, politics, or social thought."
—Library Journal
"Stamped from the Beginning delivers a timely and bold corrective to the history of racist and anti-racist ideas that explodes our understanding of the root of anti-black violence as we know it today. Kendi's deft analysis of key thinkers from Cotton Mather to Angela Davis illustrates how racial thought, specifically debates about racial difference, take shape across space and time and influence racial policies and the persistence of racial discrimination. This book is a must read for those interested in working to unearth the foundational ideas and practices that hinder true racial progress."
—Keisha-Khan Y. Perry, Associate Professor, Brown University, and author of Black Women against the Land Grab: The Fight for Racial Justice in Brazil
"Kendi upends many commonly held beliefs about how racism works, exploring the ideas and thinkers behind our most intractable social and cultural problem."
—The Boston Globe
About the Author
Kendi is the author of the award-winning book, The Black Campus Movement: Black Students and the Racial Reconstitution of Higher Education, 1965-1972. He has published essays in numerous periodicals, including the New York Times, Salon, Time, the Washington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education. He has provided commentary on a host of local, national, and international radio and television outlets, including NPR, PBS, CNN, BBC, Al-Jazeera, Democracy Now, and Sirius XM. He has received research fellowships, grants, and visiting appointments from a variety of universities, foundations, professional associations, and libraries, including the Library of Congress, National Academy of Education, Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis, Brown University, and Princeton University. He was named to The Root 100 2017, and recognized as the most 29th most influential African American between the ages of 25 and 45. His next book, which will be published by One World/Random House, is tentatively titled, How to Be an Antiracist: A Memoir of My Journey.
From AudioFile
"A compeling, thoroughly enlightning, unsettling, and necessary read" --Vox
Product details
- ASIN : B017QL8WV4
- Publisher : Bold Type Books (April 12, 2016)
- Publication date : April 12, 2016
- Language : English
- File size : 2862 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 594 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #103,501 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Dr. Ibram X. Kendi is the Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Boston University and the founding director of the BU Center for Antiracist Research. He is a contributing writer at The Atlantic and the author of many highly acclaimed books including Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America, which won the National Book Award for Nonfiction, making him the youngest-ever winner of that award. He has also authored five #1 New York Times bestsellers, including How to Be an Antiracist, Antiracist Baby, and Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You, co-authored by Jason Reynolds. Time magazine named Dr. Kendi one of the 100 most influential people in the world. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship, popularly known as the Genius Grant.
Customer reviews
Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.
To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.
Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonCustomers say
Customers find the book insightful and educational. They describe it as a well-written, easy read that covers relevant history from the 16th century onwards. Readers appreciate the thorough coverage and comprehensive approach. The book is described as engaging, gritty, and depressing at times.
AI-generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book readable for non-historians. They say it's an easy and engaging read that never gets boring. The book provides a detailed presentation of the sustained effort by the system to keep black Americans' status. While intense and dense, it's worth their time. The compelling argument and thesis are simple.
"...While this is a very large book filled with history, it was an easy read...." Read more
"...Kendi's thesis is short and simple: racist ideas were created to justify racist policies...." Read more
"If you value and are unafraid of historical truths, this is a great read." Read more
"...It’s deep, intense and dense but is worth every iota of your time." Read more
Customers find the book provides a wealth of insightful information and a thoughtful, scholarly approach to the subject. They find it educational, fascinating, and enlightening. The author explains things in detail, providing new details and big ideas. It's described as a masterful work without being overly academic.
"...This was an incredibly powerful and educational book...." Read more
"...-Americans and people identified as Black, this book is a thoroughly researched, sweepingly comprehensive survey of racism from its first traceable..." Read more
"...Americans and people identified as Black, this book is a thoroughly researched, sweepingly comprehensive survey of racism from its first traceable..." Read more
"...That said, I learned a lot, both in the enormous number of new details and especially the big ideas...." Read more
Customers find the book's history coverage engaging and detailed. They describe it as an easy read that provides a comprehensive historical record dating back to the 16th century. Readers appreciate the origins of racist thought and the chronological identification of different ways societies have justified racism. Overall, they find the book an outstanding compilation of the history of race in America and a valuable resource for college history courses.
"...While this is a very large book filled with history, it was an easy read...." Read more
"...This book is also thorough; so much history is covered by this book...." Read more
"...I loved reading this book. It’s a much-needed history lesson that you will never learn in school...." Read more
"Stamped is a very good history, but a very poor piece of political science or political philosophy...." Read more
Customers find the book thorough and comprehensive. They appreciate its erudite approach and well-organized structure. The book explains terms and concepts consistently and clearly, putting together various pieces of information.
"...To be talked over and about and to be thought over. It’s deep, intense and dense but is worth every iota of your time." Read more
"...This book has helped me put the pieces together and is clarifying how the past impacts the current cultural differences...." Read more
"...documents every bit of this history; however, although the approach is erudite, the style of his writing is clear and flowing--but for the topic, I..." Read more
"...person it's important to understand that history and this laid it out really well...." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's pacing. They find it engaging and thorough, with clear writing about a contentious topic. The book is educational yet broad and wide-ranging, keeping their attention.
"...It’s deep, intense and dense but is worth every iota of your time." Read more
"...Dr. Kendi knows his stuff, and explains things in detail, but this is solid, clear writing about a topic that many people don't want to face: that..." Read more
"...This volume doubles as a historical narrative that is engaging and readable for non-historians, and a trusty reference volume packed with citations..." Read more
"...That is a tragedy.This is a long, dense book that I found worth reading - but Dr Kendi has written a somewhat abridged version for the..." Read more
Customers find the book heartbreaking and enlightening. They say it's depressing and inspiring, opening windows to painful, sad, and shameful facts.
"...They are immediately depressing, but leave room for hope...." Read more
"...I can't recommend this highly enough: it's challenging, fascinating, horrifying, enlightening, intellectual........I could keep going and gushing!" Read more
"Heartbreaking. Revelatory. Fascinating. This book is not only a call to arms, but readable to boot. Seriously, everyone should read this book...." Read more
"...preparing myself, I found the book incredibly insightful, honest, heartbreaking and inspiring. Absolutely a must-read." Read more
Customers have different views on the book's length. Some find it long, with short chapters that make it easier to read. Others say it takes a long time to finish and the subject is too large for one book.
"...It's not overly infused with academic jargon. The chapters are also quite short, which makes it easier to read...." Read more
"The caveats first:1. The subject is too large for one book..." Read more
"It was a long and intense reading. The more I read, the more I agree with the author...." Read more
"...Dr. Kendi's research and historical analysis is masterfully woven into a 600 page narrative that guides you through the history of the United States...." Read more
Reviews with images
Eye Opener
Top reviews from the United States
There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 1, 2020Stamped From the Beginning discusses the history of racism and racist ideas in America. Kendi focuses on five main people who have made the biggest impact on racism and anti-racism in our history: Puritan minister Cotton Mather, Thomas Jefferson, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, W.E.B. Du Bois, and legendary activist Angela Davis.
“When men oppress their fellow-men, the oppressor ever finds, in the character of the oppressed, a full justification for his oppression.” Douglass, amazingly, summed up the history of racist ideas in a single sentence.” - (Fredrick Douglass)
This was an incredibly powerful and educational book. I knew going into this book that the United States education system has failed at teaching the history of slavery, emancipation, Jim Crow, and the continued struggle. But it still amazed me at how much it doesn’t teach. With every single chapter I learned new things that should have been taught to me in school.
While this is a very large book filled with history, it was an easy read. Normally I would have read this book in a few days but instead I stretched it out over a month and a half. I read, reflected, took notes, did more research and I still know that I have a lot to learn. My book is now covered in sticky notes and I know I will be rereading this in the future because I know I missed stuff.
“That is what it truly means to think as an antiracist: to think there is nothing wrong with Black people, to think that racial groups are equal. There are lazy and unwise and harmful individuals of African ancestry. There are lazy and unwise and harmful individuals of European ancestry. There are industrious and wise and harmless individuals of European ancestry. There are industrious and wise and harmless individuals of African ancestry. But no racial group has ever had a monopoly on any type of human trait or gene—not now, not ever.”
This book changed the way I viewed the history of the United States. So much of this history has been glossed over by the education system, and other history books. This book should be required reading for everyone especially since the education system won’t teach us the true history of the United States. All I can say is, READ THIS BOOK!
- Reviewed in the United States on April 26, 2017About halfway through reading this book, I realized I was highlighting almost every single page and had to start color-coding my highlights so as to make a little more sense of why certain passages struck me—a visual testimony of how illuminating Stamped from the Beginning is. With a primary focus on racism toward African-Americans and people identified as Black, this book is a thoroughly researched, sweepingly comprehensive survey of racism from its first traceable roots in ancient Greece when Aristotle said Africans had “burnt faces” to the start of the African slave trade in 15th century Europe, to the first recorded slave ship arriving in colonial America in 1619, all the way through the Civil War, the Jim Crow laws, the 1960s Civil Rights movement, and up to the present day. In order to help readers navigate this extensive timeline, author Ibram X. Kendi divides the book into five parts, featuring one historical figure as a sort of tour guide or anchor for each part.
Very few individuals or institutions mentioned in this book come off as completely free of racist thinking; even many abolitionists and civil rights activists are revealed to have held racist ideas that contradicted their cause. This made me realize the extent to which racism has ensnared the United States in its pernicious roots. In Stamped from the Beginning, Kendi presents two main ideas about racism that helped me understand its influence and progress over the centuries. First, he explains that “Hate and ignorance have not driven the history of racist ideas in America. Racist policies have driven the history of racist ideas in America.” The author admits, “I was taught the popular folktale of racism: that ignorant and hateful people had produced racist ideas, and that these racist people had instituted racist policies. But when I learned the motives behind the production of many of America’s most influentially racist ideas, it became quite obvious that this folktale, though sensible, was not based on a firm footing of historical evidence.” As Kendi explains further, “Racially discriminatory policies have usually sprung from economic, political, and cultural self-interests, self-interests that are constantly changing.” Now that I understand self-interest—not hate or ignorance—has been the driving factor behind racist policies, I can better understand why racism hasn’t died out with the Emancipation Proclamation or desegregation or any of the Civil Rights Acts passed in this country. Tragically, racism persists and continues to evolve according to the current self-interests of people and institutions in power. It’s why, after slavery was abolished, segregation and the Jim Crow laws rushed in to replace it, and long after segregation has been outlawed, African-Americans continue to be oppressed by disproportionate mass incarceration as well as disadvantaged by fewer, inferior housing and employment opportunities.
Second, Kendi points out that racism is not simply a debate between those who support racist ideas and those who oppose racist ideas. Throughout history, three–not two–viewpoints on racism have persisted: “A group we can call segregationists has blamed Black people themselves for the racial disparities. A group we can call antiracists has pointed to racial discrimination. A group we can call assimilationists has tried to argue for both, saying that Black people and racial discrimination were to blame for racial disparities.” As much as I would like to believe I am firmly in the antiracist camp, reading this book made me realize I have held a lot of racist ideas from an assimilationist viewpoint that I need to correct. Kendi gives many examples of well-meaning civil rights activists, including some African-Americans, who upheld assimilationist ideas. Some persisted with these ideas their entire lives, others realized their error and later self-corrected to an antiracist viewpoint, and still others upheld both antiracist and assimilationist ideas, often not realizing the contradiction. Thus, a tragic pattern that has repeated itself throughout American history is the persistence of many assimilationists in seeking to abolish racist policies and ideas with the same flawed strategies that never work.
Indeed, the African-American author admits, “Even though I am an African studies historian and have been tutored all my life in egalitarian spaces, I held racist notions of Black inferiority before researching and writing this book.” I think it’s crucially important that Kendi tells readers about his mistaken notions of race—not to make readers feel better about their own ignorance, but to demonstrate how deeply racist ideas have taken root in American culture. Hopefully this admission on the author’s part will ease readers out of their defensive mode and open their minds to the disturbing truth that racism is a lot more pervasive among us Americans than we would like to believe.
If you want to understand exactly how racism took root in the United States and why it has persisted through the present day, if you are prepared for a very sobering, very painful, and often highly disturbing look at the many flaws, hypocrisies, and atrocities in the American notions of democracy, exceptionalism, and “liberty and justice for all,” then Stamped from the Beginning is a must-read. Ultimately, what the author conveys with copious examples is that “Black Americans’ history of oppression has made Black opportunities—not Black people—inferior.” An absolutely necessary emendation to the traditionally accepted canon of American history.
Top reviews from other countries
Paul LeslieReviewed in Canada on April 19, 20245.0 out of 5 stars great reading
Book is full of knowledge and wisdom. A must have for those in search of knowledge.
-
Daniel MartinReviewed in France on January 2, 20245.0 out of 5 stars Une histoire détaillée de l’esclavage et du racisme aux Etats-Unis
Ce livre raconte en détail les problèmes d’esclavage et de racisme aux Etats-Unis, depuis leur fondation au XVIIe siècle jusqu’à nos jours.
On y apprend comment le développement de l’agriculture dans les états du sud est devenu complètement dépendant de la main d’œuvre esclave importée d’Afrique, au point de faire la guerre de Sécession pour conserver ses quelques 4 millions d’esclaves de l’époque. Cette guerre civile a fait environ 750.000 morts de 1861 à 1865, pour des raisons racistes autant qu’économiques.
Avec des centaines d’exemples à l’appui, l’auteur montre comment les esclavagistes ont trouvé des « raisons » philosophiques, biologiques et morales pour justifier les discriminations et la souffrance des noirs : on a « montré » qu’ils constituaient une race génétiquement distincte de celle des Blancs ; qu’ils descendaient d’un fils maudit de Noé ; que leur infériorité congénitale provenait du climat trop chaud de l’Afrique, et que leur incapacité intellectuelle était sans remède.
On a trouvé une jeune esclave noire surdouée, qui à 15 ans lisait et écrivait en anglais, latin et grec et publiait des poèmes ; un médecin diplômé et divers intellectuels noirs, mais les esclavagistes ont persisté à considérer tous les noirs comme indignes de sortir de l’esclavage, ou plus heureux esclaves en Amérique que libres en Afrique.
Les Etats-Unis ont fondé en Afrique une colonie refuge pour les noirs libérés de l’esclavage, le Liberia, mais seuls 15.000 noirs ont accepté d’y émigrer. Aujourd’hui ce pays est indépendant et a 5 millions d’habitants.
Après l’abolition de l’esclavage, d’anciens états sudistes ont trouvé des moyens d’en contourner certains effets de 1877 à 1964, en adoptant les lois ségrégationnistes Jim Crow. Aujourd’hui, malgré d’énormes progrès, des lois rendant difficile le vote des noirs sont encore en vigueur…
Cet ouvrage magnifique a été un immense succès de librairie aux Etats-Unis. J’y ai beaucoup appris sur les problèmes de racisme, d’esclavagisme et de discrimination. Mais l’auteur ayant un vocabulaire très riche j’ai dû utiliser un dictionnaire de temps en temps.
Anna SternfeldtReviewed in Sweden on May 3, 20235.0 out of 5 stars Essential history
Historical knowledge we all should know.
-
Serenus ZeitblomReviewed in Germany on July 5, 20185.0 out of 5 stars Auf Englisch schon günstig als Taschenbuch erhältlich
Viele Rezensionen hat Ibram X Kendi mit "Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America" in den Medien erhalten, 2016 auch den Sachbuchpreis des National Book Award,
Der selbst afroamerikanische Hochschullehrer sieht die US-Geschichte einmal konsequent aus der Perspektive des Rassismus. Das ist nicht die gewohnte Betrachtungsweise - Schwarze, ihre Versklavung bzw. Diskrimierung werden meist sonst nur kurz angetippt - und dadurch aufschlussreich.
Mit dem Finger auf "die da" in den USA zu weisen, wäre aber falsch - "Stamped from the beginning" sensibilisiert eher für den täglichen abstempelnden Rassismus hier wie dort. Und gegen andere Diskriminierungen aufgrund von Geschlecht, Orientierung, Geld, Herkunft, ... Kendis aufmerksame Hinweise auf Rassismus damals wie heute lassen sich nämlich so übertragen.
Kendi verwehrt sich dabei gegen "Segregationismus" (getrennte Entwicklung), aber auch gegen einen Assimilations-Rassismus, dass Schwarze sich einfach nur angleichen müssten/sollten. Seine "antirassistischen" Vorbilder sind die aufbegehrenden Angela Davis und De Bois, und auch deren Irrwege stellt Kendi mit dar.
Gute viereinhalb Sterne.
EllaReviewed in the United Kingdom on February 6, 20185.0 out of 5 stars Great
Very clear analysis of the terrifying history of racism in US. Great book










