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Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle Paperback – Illustrated, September 7, 2011
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Start-Up Nation addresses the trillion dollar question: How is it that Israel -- a country of 7.1 million, only 60 years old, surrounded by enemies, in a constant state of war since its founding, with no natural resources-- produces more start-up companies than large, peaceful, and stable nations like Japan, China, India, Korea, Canada and the UK?
With the savvy of foreign policy insiders, Senor and Singer examine the lessons of the country's adversity-driven culture, which flattens hierarchy and elevates informality-- all backed up by government policies focused on innovation. In a world where economies as diverse as Ireland, Singapore and Dubai have tried to re-create the "Israel effect", there are entrepreneurial lessons well worth noting. As America reboots its own economy and can-do spirit, there's never been a better time to look at this remarkable and resilient nation for some impressive, surprising clues.
- Print length336 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherTwelve
- Publication dateSeptember 7, 2011
- Dimensions5.25 x 0.75 x 8 inches
- ISBN-100446541478
- ISBN-13978-0446541473
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Editorial Reviews
Review
―Tom Brokaw, Special correspondent for NBC News, and bestselling author of The Greatest Generation
"In the midst of the chaos of the Middle East, there's a remarkable story of innovation. START-UP NATION is... a timely book and a much-needed celebration of the entrepreneurial spirit."
―Meg Whitman, former CEO of eBay
"Senor and Singer's experience[s]...come to life in their illuminating, timely, and often surprising analysis."
―George Stephanopoulos, anchor of ABC's "This Week"
"No one else, in my judgment, has written regularly about Israel in recent years with more clarity than Singer."―William Kristol, Editor of The Weekly Standard
"An edifying, cogent report."
―Kirkus
"A rich and insightful read."
―Publishers Weekly
"Saul Singer's Confronting Jihad should be mandatory reading for anyone, layman or expert, interested in the real Middle East."―Michael Oren, historian and bestselling author of Six Days of War
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Twelve; Reprint edition (September 7, 2011)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 336 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0446541478
- ISBN-13 : 978-0446541473
- Item Weight : 9.5 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.25 x 0.75 x 8 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #51,787 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #39 in Israel & Palestine History (Books)
- #80 in Economic Conditions (Books)
- #101 in Economic History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors
Dan Senor, adjunct senior fellow for Middle East studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, has been involved in policy, politics, and business in the Middle East. As a senior foreign policy adviser to the U.S. government, he was one of the longest-serving civilian officials in Iraq, for which he was awarded the highest civilian honor by the Pentagon. He also served as a Pentagon adviser to Central Command in Qatar and as a foreign policy and communications adviser in the U.S. Senate. He has studied in Israel and at Harvard Business School and has traveled extensively throughout the Arab world. In his business career, he has invested in a number of Israeli and American start-ups, and today is with a New York-based global investment fund. Senor's analytical pieces are frequently published by the Wall Street Journal; he has also written for the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Weekly Standard, and Time. Mr. Senor lives in New York City with his wife and two sons.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 16, 2020
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“Start-up Nation” is the story of Israel that you generally don’t hear about unless you are part of it. Israel is known for its religious history, its archaeology and its uncanny military prowess in the face of implacable enemies bent on destroying it. Most people still don’t even understand that Israel is only about the size of New Jersey, and yet, it continues to raise its aura in all matters earthly, intellectually, and now in business.
Published in 2009, by “Twelve,” a subgroup of Hachette Books in New York City, its authors, Dan Senor and Saul Singer attempt to answer the question, how was Israel able to become the number one per capita start up nation in the world?
The Washington Post’s official review probably put it best:
“How can Israel—with only 7.1 million people, (book was published in 2009) no natural resources, enemies on every border, and in a constant state of war—produce more start-up companies than Japan, India, Korea, Canada, or the United Kingdom?”
After dispelling the antiquated and somewhat chair squirming, dismissive, and slightly anti-Semitic notion that “Jews are just smart” they surround their thesis in Israel’s history and other factors not the least of which how it conducts its military, the soldiers who participate and then enter college and then into industry taking their knowledge of military experience with them. This in turn provides for a business climate of innovation and dedication that cannot be surpassed. The success of Israel’s army is literally taken from the battlefield to the business world.
For example, Israeli scientists took the “electro optical device” that controls rockets to hit their precise targets and built a similar, but much smaller camera and placed it in a pill and when taken by a patient can transmit images looking for all kinds of anomalies inside the human body.
There is another startup on an implantable bioreactor developed from military related projects which would replace a defective pancreas in diabetes patients. Complete with the needed oxygen to distribute beta cells in these patients to produce insulin. This invention greatly simplifies the treatment of this disease. It’s planted under the skin in a fifteen minute outpatient office procedure and replaced once a year.
There are dozens of these examples throughout the book.
In a tail wagging the dog scenario these innovations have had a remarkable influence on the Israeli government. Now realizing its potential, casting off the limits of socialist asphyxiation has given carte blanche to this new idea of free enterprise and business acumen, further freeing the nation to innovate and invent.
From the beginning almost to 1948 Israel showed its sense of high tech adventure with the creation of Israel Aircraft Industries in the 1950s, Simcha Blass’s invention of drip irrigation in the 1960s, and Intel’s confidence in opening a subdivision in Israel in the 1970s which has proven today to be the biggest subsidiary of Intel in the world second only to the headquarters in Santa Clara, California.
But the real explosion of Israel technology happened in the early 1990s with the technology boom. Venture capital set about through several innovative methods allowing Israeli companies to begin their start-up revolution. Even though Israel already had Intel and some other international successful high tech ventures, it was really these seeds of venture capital ideas that opened up Israel to a magnificent economic rise. Erel Margalit, one of Israel’s top managers of Israeli startups said about the era, “ Venture capital was the match that sparked the fire.”
Until 2005 venture capital could only be utilized from foreign countries. With the founding of “Yozma” another innovative solution come up by finance ministry bureaucrats gave new impetus into Israel funding its own ventures partnering with other nations, rather than depending totally on them, the United States, France, China, Germany, etc.
What has been created in Israel in the last two decades might be the single most active business caldron in modern history.
Bibi Netanyahu as Finance Minister under Ariel Sharon in 2005 changed the face of the non hi tech investment world with reforming Israel’s finance laws. He “cut tax rates, transfer payments, public employee wages and four thousand government jobs.” At first this promoted labor strikes, but soon the nation began to pull out of its rut by shifting the government sponsor of lending money, one of the last socialist programs still stifling Israel’s economy, to the private sector which opened up whole new industries for Israel to engage in.
Since this review is written seven years after publication and the advancement in both Israel’s high tech and now finance industry, it can only be assumed that what was written then is now obsolete. Israel has gone way beyond that now and has established itself as a world leader with these innovations. Other countries considered more advanced than them up to that time are now trying to emulate Israel’s methodology in start-up capacity.
Although this book shows a different and refreshing side of the Jewish State and is an excellent read, it is not without criticism.
For example, there is a difference between the audible version, narrated by Sean Pratt, and the written version. I read both. Sometimes in the audible it’s a slightly different wording. This is ok except sometimes it happens in quotes. For example, in the quotes in chapter 12 of the soft cover 2010 version, all the quotes attributed to Tal Keinen in the written form are mentioned in the audible book as Yuval Dotan. I’m not sure if this was an editorial mistake or just an oversight and corrected later for the audible version but a few of these mistakes exist in the manuscript. Quotes should be attended to more accurately. I haven’t checked later written editions to see if the corrections or disclaimers have been made.
Another problem is that citations are well documented throughout the book but I was disappointed in that the book is dotted with certain assertions that carry no such citations. For example, on page 214 of the soft cover 2010 edition it says about education in the Arab world and the fact that there are far more qualified women teachers teaching girls than men teachers, teaching boys and this has led to “a gender gap in student performance among the most extreme in the world.” There should be a citation for this and not left to take the authors’ word for it.
But, even with these problems the book is a must read if you want to understand all facets that make Israel go. It’s entrepreneurial spirit is one of the factors why Israel has not only survived but thrived in a hostile environment.
The story of Israel’s climb from relative business obscurity to being one of the top countries with more successful businesses on all the world’s largest stock exchanges than any other nation is as engaging as any Israeli story about survival, military exploits, or ancient discoveries. It is just simply an amazing read.
If you want to know more about Israel than just its politics I suggest you read this book. You will find an Israel which in the future can guide the world to further and further advancements, in computer, and biotechnology, medical devices, movie making, animation and social media technology etc. The list is endless. Do a search on the internet for Israeli inventions and innovations and you will see what I am talking about.
Is this what is meant by the Talmudic command Tikkun Olam? (to spread goodness throughout the world). It just might be.
The book manages to explain well the confluence of factors that made the Israeli hi tech miracle possible - the informality of the Israeli society, the questioning of authority, the role of the elite army units, the Israeli chutzpah, the commonality of purpose and the Jewish drive for excellence. The authors in my opinion are somewhat downplaying the Jewish factor which is understandable since the point they are trying to make is that many of the experiences are transferable to other societies. Perhaps. But on the other hand many of the ingredients, the chutzpah, the common purpose, the questioning of authority are also a product of Jewish history and Judaism. If we compare the Jewish vs. Muslim Nobel laureates per capita contribution in the area of Chemistry, Physics, Medicine and Economics (the Peace and Literature are too politicized to be useful), we get the following: There are 150 Jewish Nobel laureates out of 13.3 million Jews and there are 2 Muslim laureates out of 1.5 billion Muslims. So the ratio is (150 /13300000)/ (2/1500000000) = 8458 - between 3 and 4 orders of magnitude. The book quotes that between 1980 and 2000, Egyptians registered 77 patents in the U.S. Saudis registered 171. Israelis registered 7,652. Since the population of Egypt is 78 million and Israel's is 7.2 we get a ratio of (7652/ 7200000)/(77/78000000) = 1151- three orders of magnitude. In other words, the Jewish excellence in achievement in not a small factor of the Israeli miracle.
Chapter 14 is titled "Threats to the Economic Miracle" and it does discuss the Iranian threat. In my opinion, not enough. Bernard Lewis, the foremost western scholar on Islam believes that the Iran cannot be deterred. He wrote: "In this context, mutual assured destruction, the deterrent that worked so well during the Cold War, would have no meaning. At the end of time, there will be general destruction anyway. What will matter will be the final destination of the dead--hell for the infidels, and heaven for the believers. For people with this mindset, MAD is not a constraint; it is an inducement."
Somehow Bernard Lewis's opinion is either not well know or is disregarded.
I believe that US companies Intel, Microsoft and all others who have crucial R&D facilities in Israel could be more outspoken about the importance of their Israeli offices and the threat they are under. It could be that they believe that the ingenuity, innovation and chutzpah they've witnessed through the years will be used once again by Israel to neutralize the Iranian threat helping both Israel and the US at the same time. I sincerely hope so too since this Administration still believes it is possible to negotiate with Ahmadinejad and does not take Bernard Lewis seriously.
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That said, because of the focus on skills obtained in the IDF, and with venture capital directed towards a limited variety of options, the economy is in danger of being akin to a wagon with only one star to hitch to, and overburdened with the Haredi and Israeli Arabs who are often excluded from participating in the economy because of their own actions, or because they have skills and qualifications, but lack the professional and social networks that IDF personnel have developed and have access to. So it is essential for Israel to develop the means that will enable Israeli Arabs and Haredi to gain the skills they do not gain in the IDF, and for IDF personnel who have not had to test their abilities on the battlefield. Hard to believe, I know, but not all of the IDF are fighting all of the time :-)
The Science of Success by Charles G. Koch, and The Puritan Gift and William and Kenneth Hopper, may be useful sources of inspiration for Israel, and for those keen to emulate Israel's success.

That said, because of the focus on skills obtained in the IDF, and with venture capital directed towards a limited variety of options, the economy is in danger of being akin to a wagon with only one star to hitch to, and overburdened with the Haredi and Israeli Arabs who are often excluded from participating in the economy because of their own actions, or because they have skills and qualifications, but lack the professional and social networks that IDF personnel have developed and have access to. So it is essential for Israel to develop the means that will enable Israeli Arabs and Haredi to gain the skills they do not gain in the IDF, and for IDF personnel who have not had to test their abilities on the battlefield. Hard to believe, I know, but not all of the IDF are fighting all of the time :-)
The Science of Success by Charles G. Koch, and The Puritan Gift and William and Kenneth Hopper, may be useful sources of inspiration for Israel, and for those keen to emulate Israel's success.

