The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: 50th Anniversary Edition 4th Edition, Kindle Edition
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Thomas S. Kuhn
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Ian Hacking
(Introduction)
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Thomas S. Kuhn
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978-0226458120
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0226458121
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Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions' at Fifty: Reflections on a Science ClassicRobert J. RichardsKindle Edition
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“Like Thomas Kuhn, Ian Hacking has a gift for clear exposition. His introduction provides a helpful guide to some of the thornier philosophical issues. . . . We may still admire Kuhn’s dexterity in broaching challenging ideas with a fascinating mix of examples from psychology, history, philosophy, and beyond. We need hardly agree with each of Kuhn’s propositions to enjoy—and benefit from—this classic book.”
(David Kaiser Nature)
"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions did a gestalt flip on just about every assumption about the who, how, and what of scientific progress. . . . The book still vibrates our culture’s walls like a trumpet call. History of science may not have become exactly what Kuhn thought it should, but The Structure of Scientific Revolutions knocked it off its existing tracks.”
(Chronicle of Higher Education)“So long as there are still paradigms among us, the achievements of Thomas Kuhn will be remembered.”
(National Post (Canada))
“One of the most influential books of the 20th century. . . . Singlehandedly changed the way we think about mankind’s most organized attempt to understand the world.”
(Guardian)
“The Kuhnian image of science has reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general. If you haven’t already read The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, the publication of this inexpensive 50th-anniversary edition offers a perfect excuse to do so.”
(Science) --This text refers to the audio_download edition.
About the Author
Thomas S. Kuhn (1922 96) was the Laurence Rockefeller Professor Emeritus of linguistics and philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His books include The Essential Tension; Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894 1912; and The Copernican Revolution.
Dennis Holland is a voice actor with an extensive background from commercials for Lucky Charms, Sam Adams, Panasonic, American Express, and others, to audiobooks by authors such as Anita Shreve, William Gibson, and Douglas Brinkley. He previously worked as a talent representative for television sports and news personalities. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Dennis Holland is a voice actor with an extensive background from commercials for Lucky Charms, Sam Adams, Panasonic, American Express, and others, to audiobooks by authors such as Anita Shreve, William Gibson, and Douglas Brinkley. He previously worked as a talent representative for television sports and news personalities. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Product details
- ASIN : B007USH7J2
- Publisher : University of Chicago Press; 4th edition (April 18, 2012)
- Publication date : April 18, 2012
- Language : English
- File size : 908 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
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- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 212 pages
- Lending : Enabled
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Reviewed in the United States on June 16, 2015
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First, let me state the obvious - since Kuhn is talking about the philosophy of science, this is not light reading. That said, this book is as relevant as it was when it was first published - perhaps more so. Kuhn makes a well-reasoned argument that science is not an objective search for "truth," as many people believe. Instead, "normal science" is a problem solving endeavor, solving known problems by known methods. Science only changes the rules by which it operates (its "paradigm" - that over-used and often misused term in contemporary language) only when the current paradigm causes more problems than it solves. This is the real answer to any from any field who say, "The science is settled. There is no room for discussion." Those who make that statement need to re-read Kuhn and come to grips with the reality that all knowledge is inevitably socially constructed. If you read this in graduate school, it is worth revisiting. If you have never read it and you are ready for some deep thinking, dive in. You will find your horizons expanded, and that is a good thing.
193 people found this helpful
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Historically, scientific progress has often involved abandoning or reconceptualizing previous ideas and observations.
Reviewed in the United States on December 5, 2017Verified Purchase
Science is not a purely additive process. New facts and theories are not simply added to the pile of existing ones. New knowledge and understanding often requires abandoning or drastically reconceiving old theories and observations. Kuhn explores this in great detail, and I found it fascinating and insightful.
For example, prior to the invention of the telescope, the celestial sphere was viewed as fundamentally different from the earthly sphere. But a simple look at the moon in Galileo's telescope reveals it to be a body that is very similar to the Earth. It has mountains which cast shadows as the light moves across them, and so on.
The "moon" must now be be viewed as a rather different concept, and this new conception is invoked every time one looks at it. This new "paradigm" affects other observations, such as those of Jupiter and Saturn. They are not pure, static points of light like stars, and some color and a circular shape can be see with the new telescope. Must they be bodies like that of the Moon or Earth as well?
In the book, as Kuhn presents his analysis, it seems we are also taking a deep look at epistemology, and the subtleties and differences between how something is perceived and how it is conceived. Grounded in the historical narrative of scientific advancement, I found this investigation of those difficult and elusive topics to be more enlightening than usual.
I believe that some criticize Kuhn for how sharp and discontinuous he describes his paradigm shifts to be (although I haven't looked at this closely yet, I may be mistaken). For me, this was not a main point. I enjoyed his detailed analysis of how paradigms change in general, and why this is a more accurate description of how science progresses, compared to additive models.
For example, prior to the invention of the telescope, the celestial sphere was viewed as fundamentally different from the earthly sphere. But a simple look at the moon in Galileo's telescope reveals it to be a body that is very similar to the Earth. It has mountains which cast shadows as the light moves across them, and so on.
The "moon" must now be be viewed as a rather different concept, and this new conception is invoked every time one looks at it. This new "paradigm" affects other observations, such as those of Jupiter and Saturn. They are not pure, static points of light like stars, and some color and a circular shape can be see with the new telescope. Must they be bodies like that of the Moon or Earth as well?
In the book, as Kuhn presents his analysis, it seems we are also taking a deep look at epistemology, and the subtleties and differences between how something is perceived and how it is conceived. Grounded in the historical narrative of scientific advancement, I found this investigation of those difficult and elusive topics to be more enlightening than usual.
I believe that some criticize Kuhn for how sharp and discontinuous he describes his paradigm shifts to be (although I haven't looked at this closely yet, I may be mistaken). For me, this was not a main point. I enjoyed his detailed analysis of how paradigms change in general, and why this is a more accurate description of how science progresses, compared to additive models.
17 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on December 9, 2019
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10/10. Eighth ever perfect rating: 'Structure' is not overrated at all.
This is the scientific counterpart to the invaluable work of Alisdair MacIntyre in philosophy. Those works ('After Virtue', 'Whose Justice?', 'Three Rival Versions') are some of the most important for understanding the practice of philosophy and the seemingly-insurmountable aporiae in philosophy and ethics.
Kuhn's work does the same for science, is extensible to many other disciplines, and is the only work I'm aware of that gives a partial, though plausible, set of criteria for distinguishing between science (which progresses *in regards to its ability to solve puzzles about nature* after consolidation in to one framework of practice per subspecialty, with other agreed-upon frameworks overarching) and everything else (e.g. philosophy, which doesn't seem to progress in a linear fashion, *because it has not found a paradigm* - those aforementioned aporiae - and is besotted with paradigmatically scientific definitions of progress). On the whole, Kuhn's sketched definition of science does more to solve the demarcation problem than any positivist or ((Popperian)) falsificationist account
MacIntyre throws light on Kuhn, Kuhn throws light on MacIntyre.
A work by an atheist that may pave the way for my turn to a modified creationism (one which can account for the reality of human biodiversity and group differences unlike typical Hammian young-earth 'creation science': Cavalli-Sforza [in 'The History and Geography of the Human Genome'] estimates that major adaptations can occur in under 10,000 years and full speciation in 40,000) from the teleological evolutionism I now believe, and which in any case makes that teleological evolutionism more secure than the adirectional - ironically, for Kuhn argues for a picture of scientific development that is as adirectional as the most consistent materialist picture of evolution as opposed to the received picture of an essentially teleological development.
This is the scientific counterpart to the invaluable work of Alisdair MacIntyre in philosophy. Those works ('After Virtue', 'Whose Justice?', 'Three Rival Versions') are some of the most important for understanding the practice of philosophy and the seemingly-insurmountable aporiae in philosophy and ethics.
Kuhn's work does the same for science, is extensible to many other disciplines, and is the only work I'm aware of that gives a partial, though plausible, set of criteria for distinguishing between science (which progresses *in regards to its ability to solve puzzles about nature* after consolidation in to one framework of practice per subspecialty, with other agreed-upon frameworks overarching) and everything else (e.g. philosophy, which doesn't seem to progress in a linear fashion, *because it has not found a paradigm* - those aforementioned aporiae - and is besotted with paradigmatically scientific definitions of progress). On the whole, Kuhn's sketched definition of science does more to solve the demarcation problem than any positivist or ((Popperian)) falsificationist account
MacIntyre throws light on Kuhn, Kuhn throws light on MacIntyre.
A work by an atheist that may pave the way for my turn to a modified creationism (one which can account for the reality of human biodiversity and group differences unlike typical Hammian young-earth 'creation science': Cavalli-Sforza [in 'The History and Geography of the Human Genome'] estimates that major adaptations can occur in under 10,000 years and full speciation in 40,000) from the teleological evolutionism I now believe, and which in any case makes that teleological evolutionism more secure than the adirectional - ironically, for Kuhn argues for a picture of scientific development that is as adirectional as the most consistent materialist picture of evolution as opposed to the received picture of an essentially teleological development.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2018
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This is not a book that can be read leisurely. It takes full concentration, and to be honest, I’m not sure that I caught everything. What I did catch about the theory of paradigm change and scientific revolutions was interesting. I like when he went in to the examples of different aspects of scientific revolutions in history (perhaps because those were the only concrete things he talked about). I understand that the successive steps that lead to scientific revolution and paradigm change.
What I don’t understand is the relevancy. I know that he mentions how scientific textbooks present the history of a science as linear and building towards and end goal. He mentions that there probably is no end-goal—no final, perfect truth. Does this matter to a scientist, solving “normal” science puzzles? (I guess that’s an unfair question to ask anything involving philosophy.) I wish I could have read this when it came out, and what Kuhn was claiming was revolutionary itself.
What I don’t understand is the relevancy. I know that he mentions how scientific textbooks present the history of a science as linear and building towards and end goal. He mentions that there probably is no end-goal—no final, perfect truth. Does this matter to a scientist, solving “normal” science puzzles? (I guess that’s an unfair question to ask anything involving philosophy.) I wish I could have read this when it came out, and what Kuhn was claiming was revolutionary itself.
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gerardpeter
5.0 out of 5 stars
A Classic of Modern Philosophy
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on April 5, 2018Verified Purchase
It was rare for a philosophy essay to have the impact this had when it was published in 1962. Both widely read and serious, it featured in millennial lists of great books of the 20th century – New York Times, Time etc. Its key concept – paradigm - has passed into the social sciences, the arts and business studies and beyond into popular culture. It certainly might be considered a “should read”.
It is not easy though. Structure addresses academic scientists and philosophers. In particular he confronts the ideas and propositions of Karl Popper. Some familiarity with physics and chemistry will be required.
It has dated a little. Throughout Kuhn refers to scientists as men, not so strange in the 1960s. He holds a very “western view” of science, too. He accords to the practice and its practitioners a respect that has dimmed somewhat in the years since. Certainly today we are not so comfortable with the notion that science best manages itself. Nonetheless Kuhn’s ideas remain as important as they are challenging.
Students are likely to encounter Structures on philosophy courses and as part of a taught programme it will easier to understand. It should appeal to graduates and undergraduates in the natural sciences especially. Kuhn himself tells us that in his own days as a student and then professor he found textbooks useful training manuals for physics, chemistry etc but inadequate in other ways. They misrepresented the history of their discipline and misconstrued how it reached its current point and how it would progress in the future. That was the 1940s and 1950s – have current texts been adapted as he suggested? Something readers today could usefully consider.
The popularization of key ideas in Structure should be viewed with caution. Concepts such as paradigm have been transferred all too loosely into other domains. Furthermore, it would be false to see Kuhn as a "voice of the 60s" or to suggest that he was debunking technology and rationality. This edition has a useful introduction by Ian Hacking which supplies a corrective to such notions and valuable context.
It is not easy though. Structure addresses academic scientists and philosophers. In particular he confronts the ideas and propositions of Karl Popper. Some familiarity with physics and chemistry will be required.
It has dated a little. Throughout Kuhn refers to scientists as men, not so strange in the 1960s. He holds a very “western view” of science, too. He accords to the practice and its practitioners a respect that has dimmed somewhat in the years since. Certainly today we are not so comfortable with the notion that science best manages itself. Nonetheless Kuhn’s ideas remain as important as they are challenging.
Students are likely to encounter Structures on philosophy courses and as part of a taught programme it will easier to understand. It should appeal to graduates and undergraduates in the natural sciences especially. Kuhn himself tells us that in his own days as a student and then professor he found textbooks useful training manuals for physics, chemistry etc but inadequate in other ways. They misrepresented the history of their discipline and misconstrued how it reached its current point and how it would progress in the future. That was the 1940s and 1950s – have current texts been adapted as he suggested? Something readers today could usefully consider.
The popularization of key ideas in Structure should be viewed with caution. Concepts such as paradigm have been transferred all too loosely into other domains. Furthermore, it would be false to see Kuhn as a "voice of the 60s" or to suggest that he was debunking technology and rationality. This edition has a useful introduction by Ian Hacking which supplies a corrective to such notions and valuable context.
17 people found this helpful
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David H
5.0 out of 5 stars
If scientists read just one work outside their discipline, let it be this. A masterpiece
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on July 14, 2018Verified Purchase
Kuhn's masterpiece is still as relevant today as it was when it was published. The text is clear and accessible to all, and that's certainly something for a philosopher. Just look at Foucault).
This book transcends disciplines. An important work of philosophy, yes, but it should not be them it is limited to. If there is one work outside their field I could make every scientist read, it would be this.
If you found this review useful in any way I’d be super grateful if you clicked the “helpful” button below to let me know :)
This book transcends disciplines. An important work of philosophy, yes, but it should not be them it is limited to. If there is one work outside their field I could make every scientist read, it would be this.
If you found this review useful in any way I’d be super grateful if you clicked the “helpful” button below to let me know :)
13 people found this helpful
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sjm53
3.0 out of 5 stars
Very Much of Its Time
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on October 28, 2020Verified Purchase
I was disappointed by this book, considering the reputation it enjoys. It seems very much of its time, being written when physics rather than biology or AI was the paradigmatic science. It thus illustrates the very phenomenon it sets out to explain, but does so in an over-systematic way that doesn’t really convince – a point that the introduction to this 5Oth anniversary edition comes close to acknowledging. Still, it is worth reading because Kuhn is often cited in post-truth, post-modernist literature in order to justify relativism. The very title of the work should be enough to deter those of a deconstructionist bent from adducing it to support this position.
3 people found this helpful
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View from nowhere
5.0 out of 5 stars
Standing on the shoulders of giants
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 2, 2020Verified Purchase
You can do science without the philosophy of science however I believe it’s in the spirit of the enterprise to do more than just ‘what works’. Meta questions need to be asked to comprehend the purpose and scope of the scientific method.
This is one of the most important book for understanding how science progresses and the structure of its history. It’s essential reading for philosophy students or those with an interest in the foundations of science.
This book prompted the shift away from seeing the subject as a linear progression and toward the view that it moves forward via ‘paradigm shifts’ in understanding.
The book is very clear, insightful, logical and at the same time easy to read, which cannot be said for many great philosophical work and a testament to Kuhn’s clear thinking. Whilst not every part of his argument is successful the fact that his views remain a live debate in philosophy classes to this day, show how important this work is, in this area of western thought.
This is one of the most important book for understanding how science progresses and the structure of its history. It’s essential reading for philosophy students or those with an interest in the foundations of science.
This book prompted the shift away from seeing the subject as a linear progression and toward the view that it moves forward via ‘paradigm shifts’ in understanding.
The book is very clear, insightful, logical and at the same time easy to read, which cannot be said for many great philosophical work and a testament to Kuhn’s clear thinking. Whilst not every part of his argument is successful the fact that his views remain a live debate in philosophy classes to this day, show how important this work is, in this area of western thought.
One person found this helpful
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Bizniz D. Smith
5.0 out of 5 stars
Wow, keep going it a revelation, the theme ...
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 4, 2017Verified Purchase
Wow, keep going it a revelation, the theme of how scientists change their mind can be applied to all sections and cultures of society - the concept of holding onto and letting go of paradigms of life or profession, despite the 'facts', is a powerful argument.
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