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Stuck in the Shallow End: Education, Race, and Computing First Edition
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The number of African Americans and Latino/as receiving undergraduate and advanced degrees in computer science is disproportionately low, according to recent surveys. And relatively few African American and Latino/a high school students receive the kind of institutional encouragement, educational opportunities, and preparation needed for them to choose computer science as a field of study and profession. In Stuck in the Shallow End, Jane Margolis looks at the daily experiences of students and teachers in three Los Angeles public high schools: an overcrowded urban high school, a math and science magnet school, and a well-funded school in an affluent neighborhood. She finds an insidious "virtual segregation" that maintains inequality.
Two of the three schools studied offer only low-level, how-to (keyboarding, cutting and pasting) introductory computing classes. The third and wealthiest school offers advanced courses, but very few students of color enroll in them. The race gap in computer science, Margolis finds, is one example of the way students of color are denied a wide range of occupational and educational futures. Margolis traces the interplay of school structures (such factors as course offerings and student-to-counselor ratios) and belief systems—including teachers' assumptions about their students and students' assumptions about themselves. Stuck in the Shallow End is a story of how inequality is reproduced in America—and how students and teachers, given the necessary tools, can change the system.
- ISBN-100262135043
- ISBN-13978-0262135047
- EditionFirst Edition
- PublisherThe MIT Press
- Publication dateSeptember 30, 2008
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
- Print length216 pages
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Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing (The MIT Press)Paperback
Editorial Reviews
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—Geoffrey Canada, President/CEO, Harlem Children's Zone, and author of Fist Stick Knife Gun: A Personal History of Violence in America
"In Stuck in the Shallow End, Jane Margolis and her team explore racial disparities in computer science by studying structural details as well as the belief systems and psychological aspects that influence 'true access.' This book shows that having physical access to computers is not the same as having intellectual access to computer science. Stuck in the Shallow End should be required reading for all educators who care about our children and their futures."
—Indira Nair, Vice Provost of Education, and Professor, Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University
"This is a highly compelling book that should be read by everyone interested in the future of science and engineering education in the US."
—Maria M. Klawe, President, Harvey Mudd College
"Stuck in the Shallow End is an insightful, nuanced view into a complex set of problems. In the end, this book gives us hope that there are solutions. Jane Margolis and her colleagues show us the insights that social science can offer us in trying to understand (and meet!) the challenge of broadening participation in computing."
—Mark Guzdial, School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology
"Stuck in the Shallow End is at once heartbreaking and inspiring. Its close-up look at three high schools shines penetrating light on how well-meaning educators construct social inequality through unquestioned assumptions and everyday practice. At the same time, it also reveals their eagerness to become righteous change agents, if given hope, opportunity, and support. From swimming pools to computer science labs, Margolis and her colleagues have much to teach educators and policymakers about urban schools."
—Jeannie Oakes, Presidential Professor in Education Equity, UCLA
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : The MIT Press; First Edition (September 30, 2008)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 216 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0262135043
- ISBN-13 : 978-0262135047
- Item Weight : 1.5 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.75 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,580,871 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,466 in Inclusive Education Methods
- #4,041 in Philosophy & Social Aspects of Education
- #9,456 in Discrimination & Racism
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Jane Margolis grew up in California swimming wherever and whenever she could! In her youth, she was profoundly impacted by the Civil Rights movement and has continued working for social justice and equity ever since. In 2016, she received the Obama White House Champion of Change award! Margolis is a Senior Researcher in Education at UCLA and has co-authored 2 award-winning books about inequities in computing education and the consequences for social justice: Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing (MIT, 2002) and Stuck in the Shallow End: Education, Race, and Computing (MIT, 2008 and 2017). In the latter book, she and her co-authors show how parallel dynamics in both Computer Science and swimming have led to segregation in these two very different fields. Power On!, her latest book, co-authored with her dear friend Jean Ryoo, is a graphic novel for middle and high school students about the need for all voices and perspectives to be at the design table, so that the technology that is impacting all of our lives will create good instead of harm. Jane still lives in California and still swims whenever she can!
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At the beginning of the school year, I approached my administrators about offering an AP computer science course. I met with the principal and assistant principal of instruction to present the benefits of the class. The principal had taught science, which is rare; most administrators do not have a background in STEM, and it didn’t take much to convince her of the importance of the class. In addition, I convinced counselors of the importance of getting underrepresented students into the AP Computer Science class through casual conversations. It was harder to convince the assistant principal of instruction because I don’t think she had a STEM background, and she had to consider the scheduling implications of offering the class. In the end, the principal of instruction decided to offer the class to a group of 22 students who were African American, Hispanic, and females.
Surprisingly, it is not hard to get students interested in computer science, especially if I can show them some of the applications of the subject. For example, I developed a presentation about computer science using information I obtained from the Tapestry Workshop that included Sphero, a robot that is controlled by an app on a smartphone. I think the students were impressed by the salaries of computer scientists and the future prospects of computer science as a career field, but Sphero was a rock star. More than that, after my presentation to an analytic geometry class, students from all over the school heard about Sphero and would interrupt my class to see Sphero perform.
I used some of the strategies in Stuck in the Shallow End to offer AP Computer Science to students who I think would not otherwise have taken this course. Yet as I taught them, I noticed one glaring weakness in the book and my teaching: we had both completely ignored the students. Frederick Douglass speech said it best in 1883 to a congressional church in Washington D. C.: “If we find, we shall have to seek. If we succeed in the race of life, it must be by our own energies, and our exertions. Others may clear the road, but we must go forward, or be left behind in the race of life.” What I think he was trying to say is that students have the most responsibility for their success. The book and the national debate on how to increase the number of underrepresented groups in computer science have ignored the fact that students, regardless of their background, have some accountability for their success.
Overall Stuck in the Shallow End did its job in communicating the deep inequities faced by minorities in the high school environment. I especially appreciated the parallel history of swimming inequity. It provided a powerful framework from which to think about computing and race.
Overall I did find the book to be a bit repetitive with its themes and felt, at times, that I was reading the same thing I had read in a previous chapter. In the same vein, I felt the content was stretched out over too many pages without enough new insights being drawn.
All of this being said, it was a fairly well written piece of research, with findings that we should all heed, both in the education and computing communities.
I've mentioned my high regard for Stuck in the Shallow End to several leaders in computer science education. All gave a surprisingly similar response: "That book changed my career." Through this book, our efforts to address a national crisis -- in which we find ourselves devastatingly short on people with the skills or interest in computer science -- become a direct descendant of the civil rights work that inspired a generation. A must-read.
What a shock. I was completely wrong, about a great many things it seems. A curtain has been lifted from my eyes. This is a must read. For every American alive today. Thanks!



