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Submission: A Novel Hardcover – October 20, 2015
| Michel Houellebecq (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
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A controversial, intelligent, and mordantly funny new novel from France's most famous living literary figure
It's 2022. François is bored. He's a middle-aged lecturer at the New Sorbonne University and an expert on J. K. Huysmans, the famous nineteenth-century Decadent author. But François's own decadence is considerably smaller in scale. He sleeps with his students, eats microwave dinners, rereads Huysmans, queues up YouPorn.
Meanwhile, it's election season. And although Francois feels "about as political as a bath towel," things are getting pretty interesting. In an alliance with the Socialists, France's new Islamic party sweeps to power. Islamic law comes into force. Women are veiled, polygamy is encouraged, and François is offered an irresistible academic advancement--on the condition that he convert to Islam.
Adam Gopnik in The New Yorker has said of Submission that "Houellebecq is not merely a satirist but--more unusually--a sincere satirist, genuinely saddened by the absurdities of history and the madnesses of mankind." Michel Houellebecq's new book may be satirical and melancholic, but it is also hilarious, a comic masterpiece by one of France's great novelists.
- Print length256 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherFarrar, Straus and Giroux
- Publication dateOctober 20, 2015
- Dimensions5.65 x 0.95 x 8.39 inches
- ISBN-100374271577
- ISBN-13978-0374271572
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"Submission may be the most relevant book of the year." ―Daniel D'Addario, Time
"Houellebecq is considered a great contemporary author, and one cannot be said to be keeping abreast of contemporary literature without reading his work . . . What prevents me from reading Houellebecq and watching von Trier is a kind of envy ― not that I begrudge them success, but by reading the books and watching the films I would be reminded of how excellent a work of art can be, and of how far beneath that level my own work is." ―Karl Ove Knausgaard, The New York Times Book Review
“The political elements of Submission are so comically exaggerated that it's hard to take them very seriously . . . This is the novel's big joke. It's designed to agitate the right by suggesting the right may have a point about the erosion of France's national culture, and to tweak the left by lending ironic credence to the right's fears . . . The only time Houellebecq seems not to be joking is when Francois speaks about literature . . . Whatever it says or doesn't say about Europe and Islam, Submission is a love letter to the novel itself.” ―Christian Lorentzen, New York Magazine
“Houellebecq's recent work―especially The Map and the Territory, one of the finest novels of the 21st century―is elegant, sad, all the more discomfiting in that we never quite know how much subtlety to credit the author with. Houellebecq writes on shifting sands. But I think he might just be permanent.” ―Michael Robbins, The Chicago Tribune
“In Submission, Houellebecq is no less afraid to foment than in previous works, but his audacity serves a purpose that may not be immediately evident. His goal in this quasi-dystopian novel is to cast a light on contemporary French society and the deficiencies he perceives and to suggest that the future he predicts isn't wholly beyond the realm of possibility . . . A challenging satire that, at its best, is subtler than its author's reputation might lead you to expect.” ―Michael Margas, The San Francisco Chronicle
“Houellebec's deadpan comedic edge . . . defies the reader to find the line between parody and philosophy . . . What Houellebecq has done in Submission is hold up a mirror to his readers. The charge is that he inflames animosity by depicting a Muslim-influenced France as something of which Europeans should be frightened. But he puts readers and critics in the position of having to specify what exactly is frightening about this France.” ―S. Mark Heim, The Christian Century
“Michel Houellebecq: butcher. Messy slaughterer of sacred cows. Disembowler of all modes of political correctness, from the myth of the modern male's respect for women to the laughable fiction of the liberal Westerner's respect for non-Western cultures. That's the story, anyway. Like most good stories, it isn't true, for the most part . . . [Submission] is a work of genius, sure―with Houellebecq that goes without saying. But it's not a slaughterhouse. It's a upper-middle-class supermarket, brightly but not harshly lit, stocked with sushi, expensive cheeses, organic vegetables, olive oils, and honeys. It's not food for thought. It's an empty stomach. It's heartbreaking. It's utopia.” ―Micaela Morrissette, Bomb
“The prose, which never fails to be consistent and accessible, continued to impress page after page . . . Perhaps the highest achievement of [Submission] is the way it manages to be a satire with a core of deep humanism running through it.” ―Popmatters
“Extraordinary . . . if there is anyone in literature today, not just in French but worldwide, who is thinking about the sort of enormous shifts we all feel are happening, it’s [Houellebecq].” ―Emmanuel Carrere, Le Monde
“A work of real literary distinction . . . [Houellebecq] has been the novelist who has most fearlessly and presciently tackled the rise of Islamic extremism in recent years . . . He is a writer with a gift for telling the truth, unlike any other in our time – I’ve been consistently saying he is the writer who matters most to me for many years now. I’ve read Submission twice in the last week with ever growing admiration and enjoyment. There’s been no English-language novel this good lately. With Submission Houellebecq has inserted himself right into the centre of the intellectual debate that was already raging in France about Islam and identity politics . . . There is nobody else writing now more worth reading.” ―David Sexton, Evening Standard
“Houellebecq has an unerring, Balzacian flair for detail, and his novels provide an acute, disenchanted anatomy of French middle-class life . . . Houellebecq writes about Islam with curiosity, fascination, even a hint of envy.” ―Adam Shatz, London Review of Books
“[Submission's] moral complexity, concerned above all with how politics shape-or annihilate-personal ethics, is singular and brilliant . . . This novel is not a paranoid political fantasy; it merely contains one. Houellebecq's argument becomes an investigation of the content of ideology, and he has written an indispensable, serious book that returns a long-eroded sense of consequence, immediacy, and force to contemporary literature.” ―Publishers Weekly (starred review)
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- Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 1st edition (October 20, 2015)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0374271577
- ISBN-13 : 978-0374271572
- Item Weight : 12.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.65 x 0.95 x 8.39 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #74,043 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #605 in Fiction Satire
- #5,188 in Literary Fiction (Books)
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One detailed outlook on what Europe's near future might be like is presented in 'Submission', Michel Houellebecq's bestselling 2015 novel. In it, we follow François, the Parisian protagonist who, in the year 2022, sees a Muslim Brotherhood party gain political power in his country after the conventional parties back it in the run-off presidential election in a bid to prevent the National Front from coming out on top. A charismatic chap by the name of Mohammed Ben-Abbes becomes the nation's new president and sets in motion a series of sweeping reforms. After an initial period of deadly street violence between the native "identitaires" and jihadists, the new government swiftly pacifies the country. It privatizes the universities, which are henceforth funded by Saudi petrodollars. François, a literature professor at Paris III, loses his job as a result, though he receives a generous retirement package -- hush money for the infidel, if you will -- on the way out. François' Jewish girlfriend sees the writing on the wall and emigrates to Israel. Before long, women are forced to wear the veil and pushed out of the workplace, causing the unemployment numbers to plummet. On the foreign front, Ben-Abbes starts an immediate lobby to expand the European Union into North Africa.
Houellebecq's is an odd sort of protagonist: François is not a family man who ends up overcoming his fears and putting his heroism on full display in an effort to protect his offspring from this creeping Islamic tyranny. A scholar of the 19th-century French novelist Joris-Karl Huysmans, he is a forty-something bachelor whose love life can at best be described as a cocktail of serial monogamy and prostitutes. He lives on a steady diet of cigarettes, microwave meals and take-out dinners, and spends many a night drinking alone on his couch or in the presence of call girls. This lifestyle has left him too lethargic to pay much attention to politics, and the Islamic takeover of his country takes him more or less by surprise.
If François' hedonism and utter lack of a desire to mature into a bourgeois life are emblematic of his time, he has a negative thing or two to say about the obsession with money and material pleasures among his fellow countrymen. "[M]ost students," he remarks, are "hypnotized by the desire for money or, if they’re more primitive, by the desire for consumer goods... Above all they’re hypnotized by the desire to make their mark, to carve out an enviable social position in a world that they believe and indeed hope will be competitive, galvanized as they are by the worship of fleeting icons: athletes, fashion or Web designers, movie stars, and models." And Western women, he comments, "spent their days dressed up and looking sexy to maintain their social status, then collapsed in exhaustion once they got home, abandoning all hope of seduction in favor of clothes that were loose and shapeless."
Though bored with his literary hero at the outset of the novel, François attempts to make sense of what's happening in his country by revisiting Huysmans. After his girlfriend leaves for Israel, he takes off from Paris on a whim and lands, at first, in the medieval village of Martel, not coincidentally named after a Charles with that same last name who fought off the Muslim invasion of France in the eighth century. He spends a few weeks in the commune of Rocamadour, where he makes frequent visits to its sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin Mary. On his final visit to that shrine François has an intimation of a religious epiphany, but, when push comes to shove, he finds himself unable to make the leap into Catholicism like Huysmans had done over a century earlier. He shrugs off his experience: "[M]aybe I was just hungry." When, a few months later, he spends some nights at the Ligugé Abbey, "where Huysmans had taken his monastic vows," François is utterly annoyed with both the fact that he can't smoke in his dormitory and the continuous chanting of the monks -- "full of sweetness, hope, and expectation." "That old queer Nietzsche had it right," he quips. "Christianity was, at the end of the day, a feminine religion."
The novel concludes with its protagonist returning to Paris and falling under the spell of a successful politician named Robert Rediger, who convinces François to convert to Islam, so that he may be reinstated to his former job. Unable to find redemption in Christianity, François finally submits to the Muslim faith. Even now, however, his motive is not the aim of finding personal salvation in a religion of self-denial, but the prospect of an academic position and, most importantly, the possibility of a polygamous life. "In your case," Rediger assures him, "I think you could have three wives without too much trouble—not that anyone would force you to, of course." François' material and bodily desires, not his head or his heart, lead him into submission.
The release of 'Submission', or any Houellebecq novel for that matter, has not been without controversy. A caricature drawing of the author's face was on the cover of the issue of Charlie Hebdo on the morning of January 7, 2015, the day that satirical French magazine's office was shot up by Muslim extremists. While Houellebecq was shocked to the core after losing a good friend or two in the event, some were quick to point fingers in his direction after the attack. "France is not Michel Houellebecq," the country's heroic socialist prime minister, Manuel Valls, said shortly afterwards. "[I]t is not intolerance, hatred and fear." Submission had not even made it to the bookstores at that point, but the French had just suffered 17 casualties in a terrorist attack that was emblematic of the problem against which Houellebecq has been warning us for the past few decades now. Pick your priorities, prime minister.
In the latter's defense, Houellebecq never shies away from an entertaining jab at the cultural and political establishment in France. "For years now, probably decades," he writes in Submission, "Le Monde and all the other center-left newspapers, which is to say every newspaper, had been denouncing the 'Cassandras' who predicted civil war between Muslim immigrants and the indigenous populations of Western Europe." He proceeds to make the obvious point that the Cassandra of ancient Greek mythology made predictions that actually came true, but nobody believed her. The (correct) implication, of course, is that our elites today have never read anything written before last Wednesday.
Reading the novel presently under review, however, it quickly becomes clear that the author has deviated from his earlier criticism of Islam to offer instead a stinging rebuke of the hedonism which has permeated Western culture over the past century. Sometimes Houellebecq makes his case explicitly, but for the most part his critique is lurking just below the surface in the form of his anti-hero protagonist. In one example, François says about his girlfriend: "She could contract her pu##y at will (sometimes softly, with a slow, irresistible pressure; sometimes in sharp, rebellious little tugs); when she gave me her little a##, she swiveled it around with infinite grace." If remarks like these are a little too much for your reviewer's good senses, they leave the usual suspects steaming with outrage.
In other words, when Houellebecq isn't being accused of Islamophobia, he's being charged with misogyny or one of the other cardinal sins of our era. But his detractors are too busy dismissing his stylistic choices to grasp that these harbor the author's lamentations on the lack of spirit among twenty-first-century Western Europeans. If François' thoughts about the female sex are, to put it mildly, less than desirable in the age of #MeToo, is his attitude really all that different from how many European men approach the topic, cruising through life as they are without giving it any true meaning by committing themselves before the eyes of God to a spouse and later to their offspring, and willingly accepting the heavy burden to protect both at all costs? Does François pay less attention to the ancient national and Christian culture he inherited than many of his compatriots, and is he less willing to fight for it? Research demonstrates that a mere quarter of Europeans are willing to go to war in defense of their countries. Had the Brits felt the same way in 1940, they would have all spoken German today.
Monsieur Valls' moral posturing notwithstanding, it is perfectly clear that the French, as well as every other Western European nation, have devolved into the myopic nihilists Houellebecq makes them out to be. The author deserves credit for holding up his mirror in front of them. 'Submission' does not show us a pretty picture, and for that reason it is not enjoyable to look at, but it is one which had to be painted.
Francois, a cynical, intellectual bachelor, meanders alone through the self-indulgent, humanist suicide of Western Civilization, finally stumbling into a reason to go on living.
Some interesting quotations:
On the secular religion of democracy:
"I've always loved election night. I'd go so far as to say it's my favorite TV show." (p58)
On the despair of post-modern civilization:
"...The life of every Western woman. In the morning she probably blow-dried her hair, then she thought about what to wear, as befitted her professional status, whether 'stylish' or 'sexy,' most likely 'stylish' in her case. Either way, it was a complex calculation, and it must have taken her a while to get ready before dropping the kids off at daycare, then she spent the day e-mailing, on the phone, in various meetings, and once she got home, around nine, exhausted,... she'd collapse, get into a sweatshirt and yoga pants, and that's how she would greet her lord and master, and some part of him must have known--had to have known--that he was f*****, and some part of her must have known that she was f*****, and that things wouldn't get better over the years." (p74)
On loneliness and aging:
"What would it be like when I was fifty, sixty, older? I'd be no more than a jumble of organs in slow decomposition, my life an unending torment, grim, joyless, and mean." (p78)
On companionship:
"A couple is a world, autonomous and enclosed, that moves through the larger world essentially untouched." (p107)
On the impotent, empty, neo-marxist media:
"Those progressive mummified corpses--extinct in the wider world--who managed to hang on in the citadels of the media, still cursing the evil of the times and the toxic atmosphere of the country... the left, paralyzed by (Ben Abbes's) multicultural background, had never been able to fight him, or so much as mention his name." (p124)
On the insular nature Western Civilization:
"All intellectual debate of the twentieth century can be summed up as a battle between communism--that is 'hard' humanism--and liberal democracy, the soft version. But what a reductive debate." (p207)
On death of civilizations:
"I subscribed more and more to Toynbee's idea that civilizations die not by murder but by suicide." (p208)
On the scourge of the nation-state model:
"Nations were a murderous absurdity, and after 1870 anyone paying attention had probably figured this out. That's when nihilism, anarchism, and all that crap started." (p210)
On the fatal flaw of classical liberalism:
"Liberal individualism triumphed as long as it undermined intermediate structures such as nations, corporations, castes, but when it attacked that ultimate social structure, the family, and thus the birthrate, it signed its own death warrant." (p221)
On Islamo-Marxism:
"Islamo-leftism, he wrote, was a desperate attempt by moldering, putrefying, brain-dead Marxists to hoist themselves out of the dustbin of history by latching onto the coattails of Islam." (p224)
On the collapse of Europa and Rome:
"The facts were plain: Europe had reached a point of such putrid decomposition that it could no longer save itself, any more than fifth-century Rome could have done." (p225)
On atheists:
"The only true atheists I've ever met were people in revolt. It wasn't enough for them to coldly deny the existence of God--they had to refuse it..." (p204)
The novel can obviously be interpreted many ways. I read it as a scathing indictment of secular-humanism and its attempt to replace family and divinity with the secular worship of equity, democratically-defined morality, and sovietized super-bureaucracy. In Submission, France accepted Islam--and all its backwardations--because it gave the people a reason to live that transcended the next sexual climax, drug-induced high, or national anthem chorus.
Finally a quote on authors:
"An author is above all a human being, present in his books, and whether he writes well or very badly hardly matters--as long as he gets his books written and is indeed present in them." (p5)
Top reviews from other countries
Essentially this novel is a portrait of a dying and demoralised culture being replaced by a culture that is both vigorous and ambitious. The only criticism I would make of the book is that Michel Houellebecq does not openly point out the supreme irony that France, a nation where being an atheist was once a necessary precondition of being made welcome in intellectual circles...where atheism was a kind of cultural fashion statement...will almost certainly be the first Western European nation to fall under an Islamic dispensation. I see a dark humour in all of this. So would Anthony Burgess, who would have loved this novel.




