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Tao Te Ching: The New Translation from Tao Te Ching, The Definitive Edition (Tarcher Cornerstone Editions) Mass Market Paperback – January 10, 2008
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Purchase options and add-ons
- Print length128 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherTarcherPerigee
- Publication dateJanuary 10, 2008
- Dimensions5.15 x 0.34 x 7.12 inches
- ISBN-101585426180
- ISBN-13978-1585426188
- Lexile measure910L
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From the Back Cover
About the Author
ABOUT THE TRANSLATORS
Gia-fu Feng was born in Shanghai in 1919, was educated in China, and came to the United States in 1947 to study comparative religion. He held a BA from Peking University and an MA from the University of Pennsylvania. He taught at Esalen Institute in Big Sur, California, and directed Stillpoint Foundation, a Taoist community in Colorado. Gia-fu Feng died in 1985.
Jane English, whose photographs from the integral part of the book, holds a BA from Mount Holyoke College and received her doctorate from the University of Wisconsin in experimental high energy particle physics. In 1985 she found her own publishing business, Earth Heart. Her books and calendars include Different Doorway: Adventures of Caesarean Born, Mount Shasta: Where Heaven and Earth Meet (with Jenny Cole) and the yearly Tao Te Ching Calendar. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1942.
Chuang Tsu/ Inner Chapter (1974), a companion volume to Lao Tsu/ Tao Te Ching, is a direct outcome of the successful collaboration between Gia-fu Feng and Jane English on the Tao Te Ching.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
1
Gateway to All Marvels
The Tao that can be Told
Is not the True Tao;
Names that can be Named
Are not True Names.
The Origin of Heaven and Earth
Has no Name.
The Mother of the Myriad Things
Has a Name.
Free from Desire,
Contemplate the Inner Marvel;
With Desire,
Observe the Outer Radiance.
These issue from One Source,
But have different Names.
They are both a Mystery.
Mystery of Mysteries,
Gateway to All Marvels.
The River Master
The Tao that can be Told is the mundane Tao of the Art of Government, as opposed to the True Tao of Nature, of the So-of-Itself, of Long Life, of Self-Cultivation through Non-Action. This is the Deep Tao, which cannot be Told in Words, which cannot be Named. The Names that can be Named are such worldly things as Wealth, Pomp, Glory, Fame, and Rank.
The Ineffable Tao
Emulates the Wordless Infant,
It resembles
The Unhatched Egg,
The Bright Pearl within the Oyster,
The Beauteous Jade amongst Pebbles.
It cannot be Named.
The Taoist glows with Inner Light, but seems outwardly dull and foolish. The Tao itself has no Form, it can never be Named.
The Root of the Tao
Proceeds from Void,
From Non-Being,
It is the Origin,
The Source of Heaven and Earth,
Mother of the Myriad Things,
Nurturing All-under-Heaven,
As a Mother Nurtures her Children.
Magister Liu
The single word Tao is the very Core of this entire Classic, its lifeblood. Its Five Thousand Words speak of this Tao and of nothing else.
The Tao itself
Can never be
Seen.
We can but witness it
Inwardly,
Its Origin,
Mother of the Myriad Things.
The Tao itself can never be
Named,
It cannot be Told.
And yet we resort to Words, such as Origin, Mother, and Source.
Every Marvel
Contemplated,
Every Radiance
Observed,
Issues from this One Source.
They go by different Names,
But are part of the same
Greater Mystery,
The One Tao, the Origin, the Mother.
In freedom from Desire,
We look within
And Contemplate
The Inner Marvel,
Not with eyes
But inwardly
By the Light of Spirit.
We look outward
With the eyes of Desire,
And Observe
The Outer Radiance.
Desire itself, in its first Inklings, in the embryonic Springs of Thought, is born within the Heart-and-Mind. Outer Radiance is perceived through Desire, in the World, in the opening and closing of the Doors of Yin and Yang. This is the Named, the Visible, these are the Myriad Things. Thus, both with and without Desire, we draw near to the Mystery of Mysteries, to the Gateway that leads to all Marvels, to the Tao.
John Minford: The Tao and the Power says to its reader at the very outset, "Only through experience, only through living Life to the full, in both the Inner and Outer Worlds, can the True Nature of the Tao be Understood and communicated. Not through Words." Desire and the Life of the Senses are part of that experience. Through Desire we witness and enjoy the Beauty of the World, we Observe the Outer Radiance of the Tao. We live Life, we bask in its Radiance. Taoists do not deny the Senses. But Contemplation, the Light of Deep Calm, of meditative experience, goes further. It reveals the Inner Marvel, the Mystery of Mysteries. Outer Radiance and Inner Marvel issue from one and the same Source, which is the Tao. This twofold path is one of the central themes in Magister Liu's commentary, one to which he returns again and again, exhorting the Taoist Aspirant to begin from Observation of the Outer Radiance, and to proceed through Contemplation of the Inner Marvel to a deeper level of Self-Cultivation, to a deeper Attainment of the Tao. "It is Contemplation that gives spiritual significance to objects of sense."
The Book of Taoist Master Zhuang: The Great Tao cannot be Told. The Great Discussion lies beyond Words . . . Where can I find someone who Understands this Discussion beyond Words, who Understands the Tao that can never be Told? This True Understanding of the Tao is a Reservoir of Heaven-and-Nature. Pour into it and it is never full. Pour from it and it is never exhausted. It is impossible to know whence it comes. It is Inner Light.
Arthur Waley: Not only are Books the mere discarded husk or shell of wisdom, but Words themselves, expressing as they do only such things as belong to the normal state of consciousness, are irrelevant to the deeper experience of the Tao, the "wordless doctrine."
Jan Duyvendak: The ordinary, mundane Tao (the one that can be easily Told, or talked about) is unchanging, static, and permanent. The True Tao is Elusive and Ineffable, is in its very Essence Perpetual Change. In the Tao, nothing whatsoever is fixed and unchanging. This is the first great paradox of this Classic, the ever-shifting Cycle of Change, of Being and Non-Being, in which Life and Death constantly yield to and alternate with each other.
Richard Wilhelm: In the Taoist Heart-and-Mind, Psyche and Cosmos are related to each other like the Inner and Outer Worlds.
JM: A Tao that could be Told might be any one of the Prescriptions for Living and Ruling that were being proposed in the ferment of the Chinese Warring States period (475-221 BC). All of them would have been called a Tao, a Way, a Recipe for Life. One such Tao, for example, was contained in the little book from that period known as The Art of War (Sunzi bingfa), whose "author," Sun-tzu (Sunzi), is every bit as lost in the mists of legend as Lao-tzu (Laozi). The Deep Tao, the True Way, and the inexhaustible Inner Power or Strength that flows from the experience of the Tao, are the subjects of this whole Five Thousand Word text. But they are beyond Telling. Words and Names are nothing more than disjointed bits and pieces; they fragment the whole, the One Tao. The paradoxical Mystery of Mysteries is that the Taoist fuses Being on the one hand (the Radiance, Magnificence, and Beauty of the Outer World, as perceived through the Senses, through Desire), and Non-Being on the other (the Dark Intangible Marvel and Mystery of the Inner World). This fusion, this Gateway to Marvels, does not lend itself to any simplistic Name or Label. Names were the preoccupation of more worldly schools of thought, especially the Confucians, for whom Names needed to correspond precisely to Things. As with so much of this short and densely ambiguous Classic, the Chinese word used here for Name, ming, has more than one meaning. It also means Fame, Renown, or Reputation (it is after all by being Famous that one acquires a "Name" for oneself). Taoists care nothing for Fame. They hide their Light. They are incognito. And yet, despite these protestations about the vanity of Words and Names, and the powerlessness of Words to describe the True Nature of the Tao, despite the futility of even attempting to define or dissect the Tao, paradoxically, The Tao and the Power itself is written in an intensely poetic language (sometimes mesmerizingly and bafflingly so), which edges imperceptibly toward the Wordless Truth, it is an inaudible Song with neither Words nor Music, it sings the Silence that is the Tao. The Tao needs to be experienced, not talked about. This Classic and its countless Commentaries do talk, they propose all manner of Images (see the Taoist Florilegium appended at the end of my translation for a selection of these). But these are merely pointers toward the Tao, toward the gnosis of Taoist experience, parts of a hermetic vocabulary for initiates. In that sense these Names are No-Names.
Arthur Waley, whose translation from the 1930s remains one of the best, gives us a pithy summary of this first Chapter and of the whole book. "In dispassionate Vision the Taoist sees a world consisting of the things for which language has no Name. We can call it the Sameness or the Mystery. These Names are however merely stopgaps. For what we are trying to express is Darker than any Mystery."
The Tang dynasty poet Bo Juyi (772-846) jested:
Those who speak
Know nothing;
Those who Know
Are silent.
Those Words, I'm told,
Were uttered
By Lao-tzu.
If we're to believe
That he himself
Was someone who Knew,
Why did he end up
Writing a Book
Of Five Thousand Words?
2
A Wordless Teaching
That which All-under-Heaven
Considers
Beautiful
May also be considered
Ugly;
That which All-under-Heaven
Considers
Good
May also be considered
Not-Good.
Being and Non-Being
Engender one another.
Hard and Easy
Complete each other.
Long and Short
Generate each other.
High and Low
Complement each other.
Melody and Harmony
Resonate with each other.
Fore and Aft
Follow one another.
These are Constant Truths.
The Taoist dwells in
Non-Action,
Practices
A Wordless Teaching.
The Myriad Things arise,
And none are rejected.
The Tao gives Birth
But never Possesses.
The Taoist Acts
Without Attachment,
Achieves
Without dwelling
On Achievement,
And so never loses.
The River Master
The Taoist rules through Non-Action, through the Tao. The Taoist guides through Wordless Teaching, by example. The Primal Breath-Energy of the Tao gives Life to the Myriad Things, but never Possesses them.
The Tao seeks
No recompense.
The Taoist,
Having Achieved,
Retires to Seclusion
And never dwells on
Achievement.
Magister Liu
Non-Action and Wordlessness are the Core of this Chapter, Freedom from so-called Knowledge. Whosoever goes beyond False Knowledge is freed from "opposites" such as Beautiful and Ugly, High and Low. From this Higher Knowledge flows a Life without Possession or Attachment. The Heart-and-Mind of Opposition (such as that between Beautiful and Ugly) brings a Diminution of Life-Essence, a loss of Spirit, a confusion of Emotion. All of these damage Life. The Taoist abides in Non-Action. Freed from all such distinctions, which melt away in the Taoist Heart-and-Mind, the Taoist Returns to Non-Action, to the Wordlessness that leaves no trace.
White is contained
Within Black,
Light shines
In an Empty Room.
This is the Taoist Vision.
The Taoist finds Joy
In unalloyed
Serenity and Calm.
The Book of Taoist Master Zhuang: Every That is also a This, every This is also a That. A thing may not be visible as That, it may be perceived as This. This and That produce each other. Where there is Birth there is Death. Where there is Death there is Birth. Affirmation creates Denial, Denial creates Affirmation. Right creates Wrong, Wrong creates Right. The Taoist's This is also a That, the Taoist's That is also a This.
Waley: The first great principle of Taoism is the relativity of all attributes. Nothing in itself is either long or short. If we call a thing long, we merely mean longer than something else that we take as a standard. What we take as our standard depends on what we are used to . . . All antinomies, not merely high and low, long and short, but Life and Death themselves, merge in the Taoist identity of opposites. The type of the Sage who in true Taoist manner "disappeared" after Achieving Victory is Fan Li (fifth century BC) who, although offered half the kingdom if he would return in triumph with the victorious armies of Yue, "stepped into a light boat and was heard of no more."
The poet Su Dongpo (1037-1101):
Truest words
Cannot be spoken.
Truest sound
Cannot be heard.
The tides of the Ocean
Reach beyond the Mountains,
The subtlest echoes
Are deep in the clouds.
3
Non-Action
Not to Honor the Worthy
Puts an end to Contending
Among the folk.
Not to Prize Rare Goods
Puts an end to Theft
Among the folk.
Not to Display Objects of Desire
Removes Chaos
From the Heart-and-Mind
Of the folk.
The Taoist rules by
Emptying Heart-and-Mind
And Filling Belly,
By softening the Will to Achieve,
And strengthening Bones.
The Taoist frees the folk
From False Knowledge and Desire.
Those with False Knowledge
No longer dare to Act.
The Taoist Accomplishes
Through Non-Action,
And all is well Ruled.
The River Master
The Worthy are those who have Achieved High Rank, and have as a consequence become estranged from the Tao, by involving themselves in worldly affairs. If however they are not publicly rewarded, if they do not receive Honor and Riches, then ordinary folk are not driven by ambition to emulate them and strive for Fame and Glory. Instead they can Return to the Calm of their True Nature. If Rare Goods are not prized in public, then ordinary folk will not be driven by Greed to Acquire them. If the Ruler returns gold to the mountains, casts pearls and precious pieces of jade back into the waters of the Abyss, if the Ruler is pure and uncorrupted, then the common folk will not feel Greed. The Taoist Rules the Nation as if it were Self, emptying Heart-and-Mind of Desire, and the folk Eschew Chaos and Confusion. The Taoist Fills Belly with the Tao, with the One. The Human Heart-and-Mind grows Supple and Soft. The folk no longer Contend.
The Marrow grows full,
The Bones firm.
Free from False Knowledge
And Desire,
The folk Return
To Calm,
To Simplicity and Purity.
They find Peace
In Non-Action,
In the Rhythms of Nature.
Magister Liu
Once False Knowledge and Desire have been extinguished, once the Worthy are no longer honored and Rare Goods are no longer prized, then there is no Contending, no Theft, but instead there is Order, a full Belly, and firm Bones. When the Multitude see such things as Fame and Wealth lying beyond their grasp, they will strive to Acquire them. When rare and highly prized Objects of Desire are put on show, they will steal in order to lay their hands on them.
The Heart-and-Mind,
Free of Desire,
Turns inward
To True Knowledge,
To the Knowledge
That Knows without Knowing.
Then Action is Eschewed,
And all is Accomplished
Through Non-Action,
Through the Pure Breath-Energy
Of the Tao.
JM: Confucius advocated Honoring the Worthy. So did Master Mo (the "neglected rival of Confucius," advocate of Universal Love, ca. 470-ca. 391 BC). One whole section of the Book of Master Mo is entitled "Honoring the Worthy," and contrasts with this teaching of Lao-tzu:
This prevalence of poverty, scarcity, and chaos arises because Rulers have failed to Honor the Worthy and to employ the capable in their government. When the Worthy are numerous in the state, Order will be stable; when the Worthy are scarce, Order will be unstable. Therefore the task of the Ruler lies in multiplying the Worthy.
This conventional Honoring of the Worthy was a pillar of the Chinese meritocracy for centuries, and has lasted to the present day, with all of its concomitant ills-an obsession with social status, ambition, corruption, nepotism, and deadening conformity. The Taoist shuns all of this. In an important sense, Non-Action implies Anarchy.
Product details
- Publisher : TarcherPerigee; Reprint edition (January 10, 2008)
- Language : English
- Mass Market Paperback : 128 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1585426180
- ISBN-13 : 978-1585426188
- Lexile measure : 910L
- Item Weight : 4 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.15 x 0.34 x 7.12 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #33,872 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #17 in Taoism (Books)
- #18 in Tao Te Ching (Books)
- #26 in Taoist Philosophy
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August Gold, who penned the Introduction to this translation, clearly articulated why this translation is her favorite, and her reasons are quoted below:
“This is ‘the’ translation for anyone truly wanting to understand the Tao Te Ching. Up until recently, this Eastern Text has been translated into English by scholars since the late 1800s. While they use the English lexicon to accomplish their purpose (which was to make a scholarly translation), and while it left the text correct in a literal sense, it deprived the verses of their sheer beauty and poetic power. Thus many of these early translations come across as a bit dusty, old-fashioned, and irrelevant to our lives.
Don’t take my word for it, see for yourself. First the older translation of the first stanza of Verse 5:
‘Heaven and Earth are not humane, And regard the people as straw dogs. The sage is not humane, And regards all things as straw dogs.’ (Translated by Charles Muller, Tōyō Gakuen University)
Now Jonathan Star’s translation:
‘Heaven and Earth have no preference. A man may choose one over another, But to Heaven and Earth all are the same. The high, the low, the great, the small - All are given light, All get a place to rest.’
The first is an accurate translation that might be intellectually correct. Jonathan Star’s translation also adheres closely to the original text, but is far more profound because of its ability to be immediately grasped and applied to your life. Scholarly texts feed the mind and that’s a good thing; but a text that feeds the mind, body and soul, and, not to mention, one which can help us transform our lives today, is infinitely more valuable.
While the early translations are still common fare and have value for the scholar, a recent number of modern translations have emerged that appeal to the spiritual seeker. Those translations (or ‘versions’) - by Stephen Mitchell, Ursula Le Guin, and Brian Browne Walker, just to name a few - all offer something of value, and I’ve admired many of them. However, none of them have done what Jonathan Star has done, which is to marry the scholarly concerns of accuracy with the poetry of someone who has lived the words. He brilliantly balances the two worlds - the academic and the experiential - in a way that I believe no other translator of the Tao Te Ching has done before him. For me (August Gold), this is simply the best translation available, bar none.” - August Gold, ‘Sacred Center New York’.
For all the aforementioned reasons, mine, and August Gold’s (quoted), Jonathan Star’s translation of the Tao Te Ching clearly deserves a full five star rating; and while the 81 parts of the Tao Te Ching may not amount to so many pages as compared to the healthy price for this translation, I had to ask myself prior to purchasing it whether the spiritual benefit gained would far outweigh and therefore justify the comparative high price per page - and I answered, yes.
The Tao te Ching reminds me that the King of the Universe is always and everywhere seeking to save human beings from their wrong ways, and to put them on His Way.
1. The strong, hard-quality binding which allows you to open the book flat so you can write on it;
2. The cream-coloured paper and generous margin space on every page for you to add notes
3. The sharp, clear print that is easy on the eye, so even in the tabular format of the Verbatim Translation section you can see the Chinese characters clearly.
4. The Verbatim text comes with the complete Chinese text, definition and pronunciation of each word. Not only that, the definition includes both the explicit meaning, and various implicit inferences. Example: Verse 67 (or chapter 67), the author says he has three treasures, which Jonathan Star translates as love, moderation and humility. In the Verbatim section, Star elaborates on the word "tzu": love / deep love / great love / motherly love / affection / compassion / unconditional love / mercy / tolerance / loves that protects and nurtures.
In my own experience, I don't think of tzu as love (in the biblical sense), but as an attribute associated with Bodhisattva Guanyin, the Chinese personification of compassionate mercy. In this sense, Jonathan Star's translation is somewhat meagre (hence the 4-star rating), although he redeems himself in the Verbatim section with a full list of meanings for this crucial attribute.
5. The extensive notes provided at the back of the book.
6. Star's in-depth commentary on Verse 1 which is the essence of the entire work.
What I don't like is Star's constant reference to Hindu figures like Shiva and Krishna, which have nothing to do with Taoism.
To study the Tao Te Ching as comprehensively as possible in English, I read this set together with one by Red Pine (1996, with extensive excerpts of ancient commentaries on every verse) and one by Lin Yutang (the Tao Te Ching section is inside Lin's Wisdom of China anthology). Arthur Waley has his own rather free translation but I haven't read it yet.
Note: Get the hardbound version, since this edition is meant for serious study, not for flipping.
I was delighted to find the Tarcher Cornerstone Editions of this book in 2010. The book is very compact; much less bulky than the 2001 version. It is nice for giving people as a gift.
I am a Mormon, but I believe there are many ways to God (Tao). Lao Tzu is a prophet, and my personal favorite besides Jesus. This book has awakened me to many truths that I wouldn't know how to find anywhere else. Readers who love this book and Lao Tzu in general may also want ot try "Hua Hu Ching: The Unknown Teachings of Lao Tzau" by Brian Walker.












