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Test Gods: Virgin Galactic and the Making of a Modern Astronaut Hardcover – May 4, 2021
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A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice
In the spirit of The Right Stuff, updated for the 21st century, Test Gods is an epic story about extreme bravery and sacrifice, about the thin line between lunacy and genius. Most of all, it is a story about the pursuit of meaning in our lives―and the fulfillment of our dreams.
Working from exclusive inside reporting, New Yorker writer Nicholas Schmidle tells the remarkable story of the test pilots, engineers, and visionaries behind Virgin Galactic’s campaign to build a space tourism company. Schmidle follows a handful of characters―Mark Stucky, Virgin’s lead test pilot; Richard Branson, the eccentric billionaire funding the venture; Mike Moses, the grounded, unflappable president; Mike Alsbury, the test pilot killed in a fatal crash; and others―through personal and professional dramas, in pursuit of their collective goal: to make space tourism a reality.
Along the way, Schmidle weaves his relationship with his father―a former fighter pilot and decorated war hero―into the tragedies and triumphs that Branson’s team confronts out in the Mojave desert as they design, build, and test-fly their private rocket ship. Gripping and novelistic, Test Gods leads us, through human drama, into a previously unseen world―and beyond.
- Print length352 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHenry Holt and Co.
- Publication dateMay 4, 2021
- Dimensions6.52 x 1.16 x 9.6 inches
- ISBN-101250229758
- ISBN-13978-1250229755
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“A riveting account of the underreported commercial space race, which has up until now lacked a worthy storyteller…The sections of the book that narrate how Virgin Galactic gets to space are replete with white-knuckled descriptions of booster rockets, pilots braving the ‘transonic zone,’ everything you’d hope to read were Mailer or Wolfe alive today to tell the tale…[a] deeply reported and deeply personal book. It is a masterly work, a reminder of what should inspire us all.”
―The New York Times Book Review
“[I]n a cinematic style that moves seamlessly in and out of characters’ inner monologues…[and] fluid, precise prose…[Schmidle drops] the journalist’s pretension of total detachment…Schmidle's care…sets this book apart from more familiar representations of airborne masculinity.”
―The Washington Post
“New Yorker writer Nicholas Schmidle unpacks the star-crossed space tourism company Virgin Galactic. The book focuses on the test pilots tasked with turning Richard Branson's hare-brained idea―a suborbital space trip in a small rocket dropped from a large plane―into a painstakingly engineered, catastrophically disaster-tested reality.”
―GQ
“Test Gods tells the story of Mark Stucky, the lead test pilot for Virgin Galactic, a space tourism startup in Mojave, California, as he…become[s] one of the rare non-NASA pilots to earn astronaut wings…At its center, however, it is a story of fathers and sons―and this emotional core ought to grab readers who might not care about rocket propellant or lifting surfaces or horizontal stabilizers…Test Gods is a human story…a gripping, comprehensive, and deeply felt book.”
―The American Scholar
“It’s hard to know where to begin: Test Gods is unique, fascinating, compulsively readable, brilliantly reported with unprecedented access, a kick-ass adventure story of the last of the great swashbucklers addicted to speed and altitude. It is a journey unlike any I have ever read, as pulsating as it is poignant and personal. What makes a man routinely risk his life for a living umpteen miles above the clouds? What does he leave behind on earth? Cosmic questions that Schmidle answers with elegance and beauty and pace. Just strap yourself in and get ready for one helluva ride.”
―Buzz Bissinger, author of Friday Night Lights
"If you want to know what being a test pilot truly looks and feels and even smells like, read this riveting book. Schmidle has done something remarkable, capturing all the visceral grit we experience inside the cockpit, in addition to all the tragedies and triumphs that we encounter along the way. This is the book about the New Space Race you've been waiting to read. An instant classic."
―Scott Kelly, astronaut and New York Times bestselling author of Endurance: My Year in Space, a Lifetime of Discovery
“Test Gods is an absolutely stunning piece of work. The intimacy of this book is a testament to Schmidle’s journalistic superpowers. He is more than a fly on the wall: he’s immersed in the lives of these test pilots, and
he’s written a feverish, true-life thriller that burns with emotional energy.”
―Martha Raddatz, co-anchor of ABC’s “This Week” and New York Times bestselling author of The Long Road Home
“A hurtling narrative about the test pilots of the Virgin Galactic space program, Test Gods is a hugely ambitious feat of reporting and storytelling and a fitting twenty-first-century sequel to The Right Stuff. Schmidle captures not just the technical wizardry of the spaceships and the envelope-pushing prowess of the pilots, but also the very real costs, for the pilots and their families, of reaching for something beyond this world. This is a saga not just of bravery and derring-do, but of a kind of undaunted old fashioned hope that feels all too rare these days."
―Patrick Radden Keefe, New York Times bestselling author of Say Nothing
“ [Schmidle] tells the exuberant, guts-and-glory tale of Virgin Galactic’s efforts to travel to space. Vivid portraits bring to life the people behind the bold project…With brisk prose, extensive interviews, and plenty of panache, Schmidle captures ‘the difference between fighter pilots and everybody else.’ The result is a page-turner, perfect for anyone in search of a story about the incredible coming within reach.”
―Publishers Weekly, *starred review*
“The thrilling, perilous, and sometimes deadly adventures of the people who are making the dream of commercial space travel a reality…[Schmidle] applies his personal interest in aerospace subjects to this book’s extensive research and in-depth interviews.”
―Library Journal, *starred review*
“[Schmidle juggles] journalistic objectivity, clear admiration for his pioneering biographical subjects, and tribute to his father…Schmidle’s agile, compassionate narratives serve as an exciting first word on the subject. A candid and revealing portrayal of extraordinary people striving to breach one of humanity’s final frontiers.”
―Kirkus Reviews
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Henry Holt and Co.
- Publication date : May 4, 2021
- Language : English
- Print length : 352 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1250229758
- ISBN-13 : 978-1250229755
- Item Weight : 1.15 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.52 x 1.16 x 9.6 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,741,227 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #297 in Astronautics & Space Flight
- #627 in Aeronautics & Astronautics (Books)
- #880 in Astrophysics & Space Science (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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Customers find the book's storytelling engaging, with one review describing it as a compelling story of modern spaceflight. Moreover, the book receives positive feedback for its readability, with customers appreciating its in-depth work and informative content.
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Customers enjoy the storytelling in the book, with one review highlighting its compelling narrative of modern spaceflight, while another notes how it captures the excitement of real-world events.
"“Test Gods” is a compelling story of modern spaceflight told through the eyes of an American aviator: Mark Stucky...." Read more
"It was a good read and entertaining as well...." Read more
"...They’re both amazing real life stories about SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, and their CEOs...." Read more
"...Probably better in hard copy. A good story, but it probably would have been better as long magazine article as it does quite fill a book." Read more
Customers find the book readable and informative, with one customer noting it is well documented.
"Great read!..." Read more
"...overall it was good and for those not on the "inside", (somewhat) informative." Read more
"...pleased with his personal life being exposed, but it made for an interesting read, in the vein of The Right Stuff. Well written and well documented." Read more
"...A must read for any aerospace / aviation enthusiasts." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on May 12, 2021“Test Gods” is a compelling story of modern spaceflight told through the eyes of an American aviator: Mark Stucky.
At three years old, Mark Stucky saw John Glenn orbit the earth in Friendship 7 and set his sights on becoming an astronaut. He was also strongly influenced by a National Geographic article about the X-15 Rocket Plane program.
Stucky’s path to space was a long one. Like John Glenn, he became a Marine Aviator and Test Pilot, but his applications to the NASA astronaut corps were continuously rejected. After seeing Burt Rutan’s SpaceShip One make two suborbital spaceflights and win the X Prize in 2004, Stucky first conceived of the possibility that he could make it to space as an employee of a private company.
To Schmidle’s and Stucky’s credit, the book does not gloss over the less-than-glamorous aspect’s of Stucky’s story. His first marriage ended in divorce and strained relationships with his children. He’s buried many friends during his years in aviation. His above-average tolerance for risk has resulted in multiple broken bones and stress on his loved ones.
Stucky’s life is not one that is reminiscent of Apollo-era astronauts, who had their bravery rewarded with ticker-tape parades, national recognition, and lucrative positions in the private sector after the end of their time in the astronaut corps. Instead, his story is more reminiscent of Scott Crossfield, Bill Dana, and other X-15 test pilots who risked their lives in relative obscurity, flying experimental aircraft over the high desert of California while their equally qualified compatriots at NASA won fame, glory, and life magazine photoshoots of their homes in Houston.
Schmidle’s writing style makes for a very easy read. The book isn’t quite a biography, but more a view into the story of the emerging private space industry from the perspective of a test pilot. The book does bear a fair amount of similarity to the article Schmidle wrote about Stucky in the New Yorker in 2018, borrowing entire sentences in some places. Schmidle’s personal anecdotes about his father’s experience as a Marine aviator lend credibility to his writing about the subject, but I’m not sure how much they enrich the narrative.
At its core, Test Gods is a uniquely American story; a story of perseverance and determination in pursuit of a brighter future for mankind. For many years, Mark Stucky wanted nothing more than to join the ranks of the NASA astronaut corps. Instead of becoming one of many astronauts to pilot the Space Shuttle, Stucky became the first man to fly Virgin Galactic’s SpaceShip Two into space in 2018. In so doing, Stucky and his colleagues at Virgin Galactic are helping to usher in a new era of commercial spaceflight.
If you want to read an authentic story of what “The Right Stuff” looks like in an era of atrophied NASA budgets and growing privatization of spaceflight, this is the book for you.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 20, 2021It was a good read and entertaining as well. As with most books like this there are a few factual errors, but they were minor in the grand scheme of things. But overall it was good and for those not on the "inside", (somewhat) informative.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 8, 2023Very interesting to read some in depth work. I was around SS1 and SS2 during this time. I was present at most every launch and flight. I’m half way through the book at this point and really like how author Schmidle takes you through history and interjects very relevant information throughout.
- Reviewed in the United States on May 12, 2021Test Gods is an exceptionally well written collection of accounts that add immense meaning to an already riveting main story. Nicholas gives credit to a host of professionals who helped make this a masterpiece, but he deserves all the credit for what clearly required all of his focus, passion and energy for several years. His main subject, Forger, had my attention long ago. I was the Operations Group Superintendent and Chief of Maintenance at one of his USAF assignments, and took his phone call Monday morning after dust devil number one as he expressed why he wasn't on the morning manifest. My mind was blown when he showed up what seemed like just days later in his plastic torso contraption, doing everything possible to get back in the seat and, more importantly, to stay immersed with the teams that provided that seat. So many bureaucratic processes could have gotten in the way of his next ride, and he made all the right moves to keep the path clear. This book opened my eyes to so much more than I could have gathered about Forger in that highly compartmentalized setting over twenty years ago. Thanks so much, Nicholas, for doing the hard work and engaging all the right resources to perfectly blend so many lives and stories into the kind of book I just can't put down. Be proud!
- Reviewed in the United States on August 17, 2021Before reading this book I also read “Elon Musk” - the book. They’re both amazing real life stories about SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, and their CEOs. Although this book combines the story of all three companies, it does a great job at capturing the excitement of the modern space race and introduces the reader to a new age of commercial and private space travel. I would encourage anyone who is planning on venturing down the aeronautical and astronautical field to read this book.
- Reviewed in the United States on September 12, 2021The book ends poorly, it just drifts off to sleep. There is no end point or ending based on actual events. It is possible the author wanted to publish before Branson’s flight or some similar event, so just submitted it to the publisher in the state that it was.
One hopes there will be a revision that finishes better.
For a book called Test Gods, it spends too much time on the author’s father and the author, neither of which are test pilots.
The content about Virgin Galactic and the pilots was great, but it seems that there was an attempt to fill what otherwise would have been thin content by writing fairly extensively about the author’s father.
Finally the ebook version does not include footnotes in the text, but about 35% of the book is footnotes. Probably better in hard copy.
A good story, but it probably would have been better as long magazine article as it does quite fill a book.
- Reviewed in the United States on July 23, 2021I don' t think the main character in this book is too pleased with his personal life being exposed, but it made for an interesting read, in the vein of The Right Stuff. Well written and well documented.
Top reviews from other countries
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Paco JReviewed in Spain on September 17, 20215.0 out of 5 stars Muy entretenido
Muy entretenido de principio a fin. Da mucha información, sobre todo proveniente de uno de los pilotos de prueba, que es el protagonista del libro. Tanta información da que al piloto ¡acabaron echándole de Virgin por ello!
Miguel P.v.BReviewed in the Netherlands on July 7, 20212.0 out of 5 stars Good but biased.
Exceptional content to understand VG company history, challenges, achievements and objectives. However, when a reporter/author adds personal views and own family business (American Style paternalism and son-father relationship frustrations) in a book talking about a space company I do believe the book becomes biased and does not follow a good reporter duty. Maybe the author got frustrated for being put aside by VG after several years of being almost an ‘insider’.
Exceptional content to understand VG company history, challenges, achievements and objectives. However, when a reporter/author adds personal views and own family business (American Style paternalism and son-father relationship frustrations) in a book talking about a space company I do believe the book becomes biased and does not follow a good reporter duty. Maybe the author got frustrated for being put aside by VG after several years of being almost an ‘insider’.2.0 out of 5 stars
Miguel P.v.BGood but biased.
Reviewed in the Netherlands on July 7, 2021
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Mr. ThompsonReviewed in the United Kingdom on June 1, 20215.0 out of 5 stars Superb book!
Very well written account of Virgin Galactic's attempt to put tourists onto space ships. Despite Schmidle being embedded with the company, he wrote the books on his terms, and it is very balanced, not varnishing the countless problems that are inevitable with a hugely ambitious program such as this. It's a great story, told with a focus on the test pilots, and their failures, triumphs, and back stories. Very accessible even if you don't have a background in the subject, but never patronising. Recommended
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Robert HierlReviewed in Germany on January 29, 20223.0 out of 5 stars Götter der Selbstdarstellung
Nicholas Schmidles Buch handelt von Richard Bransons Virgin-Galactic-Projekt und dem Testpiloten Mark Stucky, der eine führende Rolle bei der Entwicklung des raketengetriebenen Fluggeräts SpaceShip Two spielte. Das Werk lässt einen als Fachmann ziemlich verstört zurück. Und das in mehrerlei Hinsicht. Einerseits war "Test Gods" recht gut geschrieben und Schmidle zeigte durchaus, dass er etwas vom Handwerk eines Autors versteht. Zugleich entstand oftmals der Eindruck, dass er seine eigene Vita und die seines Vaters (auch wenn es dort Überschneidungen mit Stuckys Werdegang gab) allzu aufdringlich in die Geschichte eingewoben hat. Ich persönlich fand Schmidles wortreiche Schilderung seiner eigenen Befindlichkeiten mitunter sogar peinlich. "On the same token" (ist ja ein amerikanisches Buch) hatte ich das Gefühl, dass auch all die Details zum Privatleben des Testpiloten Stucky und dessen Kampf um die Anerkennung durch seine Kinder viel zu weit ins Private vordrangen. Was entstanden ist, ähnelt mehr einem "Stern"-Artikel über Testpiloten, als einem seriösen Werk über ein technisches Thema. Der Autor erklärt es nicht explizit, aber ich gehe davon aus, dass der Protagonist Stucky das Skript im Vorfeld prüfen durfte und sich damit einverstanden erklärt hat. Ich hätte das an seiner Stelle niemals zugelassen. Meiner Meinung nach ist es so: Klar hat das Privatleben einen Einfluss auf Leistung und Verhalten eines Testpiloten, aber in so ein Buch gehört das nicht hinein.
Nachgerade peinlich wäre es mir, wenn jemand ein Buch über mich als Testpilot schriebe und mich derart holzschnittartig als harten, kompromisslosen, einsamen Helden darstellen würde. Vermutlich ist Stucky, den ich noch nicht persönlich kennengelernt habe, ja tatsächlich so ein Egomane, der sich über alles hinweg setzt, wenn er nur davon überzeugt ist, dass er (wieder mal) Recht hat. Typ Bulldozer, solche Leute kennt man ja auch. Schmidle wollte mit dieser Geschichte sozusagen ein breites Panoptikum des Virgin Galactic Universums darstellen, mit dem Helden Stucky im Zentrum, aber ich fand, letzterer kam schlussendlich als unangenehmer und narzisstischer Einzelgänger rüber. Ebenso wie manch andere Protagonisten der "Firma" (Virgin Galactic), die dem gnadenlosen Selbstdarsteller Branson in den Hintern kriechen und mit strategisch ausgefeilter Kommunikation (Propaganda?) die Kunden erst anlocken und dann bei der Stange halten, wenn nichts weitergeht im schillernd-coolen Raumflugprojekt für jedermann, der das nötige Kleingeld hat.
Was das Fachliche betrifft, so konnte ich an vielen Stellen nur den Kopf schütteln. Vieles, was den Kern von Flugversuch ausmacht, nämlich eine saubere Würdigung der technischen Fakten, effizientes Teamwork und nüchternes Risikomanagement, habe ich weitgehend vermisst. Oder hat Schmidle es nur nicht wahrgenommen? Mir tun die Piloten eigentlich leid, die sich mit Haut und Haaren einer solch unseriösen Organisation verschrieben haben. Wenn Kommerz und Außenwirkung irgendwann das Rationale an den Rand drängen, dann braucht es wohl Typen wie Stucky, die unverzagt weitermachen. Einfach nur, um am Schluss wie ein Held dazustehen. Der einsame Cowboy, der in den Sonnenuntergang reitet und seine Astronaut Wings auf der stolzgeschwellten Brust trägt.
Was dieses Buch beschreibt, steht vielfach im krassen Gegensatz zu der Flight Test Arbeit, an der ich über ein ganzes Berufsleben teilhaben durfte. In diesem "wahren" Leben folgten wir doch eher Rogers Smiths Prinzip "Cowboys to Pitcrews", das auf den starken Teamwork-Charakter im Flugversuch anspielt. Und ein guter Cheftestpilot lehrte seine Mannen: "Always take your job seriously, but never take yourself seriously!", so wie es einst der große und dennoch stets bescheidene Bill Dana tat.
Last but not least, was mir überhaupt nicht gefallen hat, war die herabwürdigende Art, in der oft über Stuckys TP-Kollegen geurteilt wurde. So etwas macht man nicht. Peter Siebold zum Beispiel wurde sozusagen mit Pauken und Trompeten auf dem Schrottplatz der Testpiloten abgeladen. Und auch Dave Mackay kam nicht besonders gut weg. Als ich 1995 bei der ETPS war, hatte Dave im ersten Halbjahr das Amt des Principal Tutor (Chefausbilder auf Britisch) inne. Ich flog öfters mit ihm und fand ihn einen großartigen Piloten und Instruktor. Er ist mir heute noch ein Vorbild.
Ich kenne kein anderes Buch über Testpiloten, in dem so rücksichtslos negativ über Kollegen geurteilt wird. Als Gegenbeispiel nenne ich Bob Hoover, eigentlich mein Lieblingstestpilot, der sich sowohl in seinem tollen Buch "Forever Flying", als auch z.B. in dem Interview, das man auf der SETP-Website findet, als absoluter Gentleman (!) erweist. Nie käme ihm wohlfeile Kritik an einem anderen Testpiloten über die Lippen, zumindest nicht öffentlich.
In der Summe halte ich "Test Gods" für ein Buch, an dem der Luftfahrt-Afficionado zwar möglicherweise nicht vorbeikommt, das aber in vielerlei Hinsicht eher als schlechtes Beispiel dienen sollte.








