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Arthur Koestler
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The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage Hardcover – January 1, 1976

by Arthur Koestler (Author)
4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 81 ratings
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  1. Print length
    256 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Publisher
    Hutchinson, Random House
  4. Publication date
    January 1, 1976
  5. ISBN-10
    0091255503
  6. ISBN-13
    978-0091255503
  7. See all details
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Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Hutchinson, Random House; 2nd prt. edition (January 1, 1976)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 256 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0091255503
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0091255503
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.04 pounds
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 81 ratings

About the author

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Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler

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Born in Budapest in 1905, educated in Vienna, Arthur Koestler immersed himself in the major ideological and social conflicts of his time. A communist during the 1930s, and visitor for a time in the Soviet Union, he became disillusioned with the Party and left it in 1938. Later that year in Spain, he was captured by the Fascist forces under Franco, and sentenced to death. Released through the last-minute intervention of the British government, he went to France where, the following year, he again was arrested for his political views. Released in 1940, he went to England, where he made his home. His novels, reportage, autobiographical works, and political and cultural writings established him as an important commentator on the dilemmas of the 20th century. He died in 1983.

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Customers find the book informative and engaging, answering many questions for those who think outside the box. They describe it as an excellent read that arrived on time and in good condition.

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Top reviews from the United States

  • Crutch the Survivalist
    5.0 out of 5 stars Shocked Amazon allows this book to be sold!
    Reviewed in the United States on March 15, 2024
    Verified Purchase
    This book does the one thing, the unspoken rule of our modern world. It critsizes or explain the kazarian empire. Kanye west was made an example out of for doing the same thing, but still this is a great book. It answers a lot of questions for those who dare to think out side of main stream media.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • L Steph
    5.0 out of 5 stars Product review
    Reviewed in the United States on June 13, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    This book is amazing. It came on time and its an excellent read truly. It came in great condition. Thank you
    4 people found this helpful
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  • Floyd W. Johnson, Jr.
    4.0 out of 5 stars In depth historical narratives
    Reviewed in the United States on February 7, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    I found the outlined historical data difficult to keep with; however, it did shared some light on a subject I've been interested in for a long time. I have always wondered why the Jews of today were Caucasian when looking at the Semitic Jews Moses rescued from Egypt, after being enslaved there for over three hundred years, where of a mixed race; mostly dark skinned.
    10 people found this helpful
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  • ken s. green
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great history. Very informative.
    Reviewed in the United States on November 1, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    Great history. Fills in blanks in historical chronology of Europe and Russia.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Eric
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on March 26, 2018
    Verified Purchase
    Book was as described!
    One person found this helpful
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  • ET
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United States on November 18, 2015
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    Beneficial
    One person found this helpful
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  • Brent
    5.0 out of 5 stars Johns Hopkins University geneticist Dr. Eran Elhaik recently proved Koestler was correct along
    Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2013
    See Johns Hopkins University geneticist Dr. Eran Elhaik, Ph.D. and his recent, definitive genetic study on the issue at hand entitled "The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses" published in December 2012 by the prestigious Oxford University Press published peer-reviewed British journal "Genome Biology and Evolution"; on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

    In his study Dr. Eran Elhaik concludes: "Our findings support the Khazarian hypothesis"

    And also from a January 16, 2013 news article (in the world renowned news service Agence France Presse/AFP, one of the top three news services in the world along with Associated Press/AP and Reuters); available on a Google link:

    Gene study settles debate over origin of European Jews

    (AFP) - Jan 16, 2013

    PARIS -- Jews of European origin are a mix of ancestries, with many hailing from tribes in the Caucasus who converted to Judaism and created an empire that lasted half a millennium, according to a gene study.

    The investigation, its author says, should settle a debate that has been roiling for more than two centuries.

    Jews of European descent, often called Ashkenazis, account for some 90 percent of the more than 13 million Jews in the world today.

    According to the so-called Rhineland Hypothesis, Ashkenazis descended from Jews who progressively fled Palestine after the Moslem conquest of 638 AD.

    They settled in southern Europe and then, in the late Middle Ages, about 50,000 of them moved from the Rhineland in Germany into eastern Europe, according to the hypothesis.

    But detractors say this idea is implausible.

    Barring a miracle --which some supporters of the Rhineland Hypothesis have in fact suggested -- the scenario would have been demographically impossible.

    It would mean that the population of Eastern European Jews leapt from 50,000 in the 15th century to around eight million at the start of the 20th century.

    That birth rate would have been 10 times greater than that of the local non-Jewish population. And it would have occurred despite economic hardship, disease, wars and pogroms that ravaged Jewish communities.

    Seeking new light in the argument, a study published in the British journal Genome Biology and Evolution, compares the genomes of 1,287 unrelated individuals who hail from eight Jewish and 74 non-Jewish populations.

    Geneticist Eran Elhaik of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland, trawled through this small mountain of data in search of single changes in the DNA code that are linked to a group's geographical origins.

    Such telltales have been used in past research to delve into the origins of the Basque people and the pygmy people of central Africa.

    Among European Jews, Elhaik found ancestral signatures that pointed clearly to the Caucasus and also, but to a smaller degree, the Middle East.

    The results, said Elhaik, give sound backing for the rival theory -- the "Khazarian Hypothesis."

    Under this concept, eastern European Jews descended from the Khazars, a hotchpotch of Turkic clans that settled the Caucasus in the early centuries AD and, influenced by Jews from Palestine, converted to Judaism in the 8th century.

    The Judeo-Khazars built a flourishing empire, drawing in Jews from Mesopotamia and imperial Byzantium.

    They became so successful that they sent offshoots into Hungary and Romania, planting the seeds of a great diaspora.

    But Khazaria collapsed in the 13th century when it was attacked by the Mongols and became weakened by outbreaks of the Black Death.

    The Judeo-Khazars fled westwards, settling in the rising Polish Kingdom and in Hungary, where their skills in finance, economics and politics were in demand, and eventually spread to central and western Europe, according to the "Khazarian Hypothesis."

    "We conclude that the genome of European Jews is a tapestry of ancient populations including Judaised Khazars, Greco-Roman Jews, Mesopotamian Jews and Judeans," says Elhaik.

    "Their population structure was formed in the Caucasus and the banks of the Volga, with roots stretching to Canaan and the banks of the Jordan."

    Many things are unknown about the Khazars, whose tribal confederation gathered Slavs, Scythians, Hunnic-Bulgars, Iranians, Alans and Turks.

    But, argues Elhaik, the tale sketched in the genes is backed by archaeological findings, by Jewish literature that describes the Khazars' conversion to Judaism, and by language, too.

    "Yiddish, the language of Central and Eastern European Jews, began as a Slavic language" before being reclassified as High German, he notes.

    Another pointer is that European Jews and their ancestral groups in the Caucasus and Middle East share a relatively high risk of diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

    The investigation should help fine-tune a fast-expanding branch of genomics, which looks at single-change DNA mutations that are linked with inherited disease, adds Elhaik.

    Copyright © 2013 AFP. All rights reserved.
    23 people found this helpful
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  • Charlie V
    5.0 out of 5 stars FAITH not RACE
    Reviewed in the United States on December 20, 2014
    The Keostler books that I have read (including this one) have all been stimulating and well written.
    I found 13th Tribe convincing and also learned much about the whole region (including the amazing
    (to me) exploits of the Vikings in that area). Keostler told of one issue that some rabbis had with the
    conversion: the Khazrs were not of the "right" race to be Jews. Other rabbis said that belief, not race,
    is the important thing. I'm with the "belief" rabbis (as, I suspect, God is). Near the end of the book
    Keostler paints a strong case for the legitimacy of Israel, so I don't think anyone should label him
    a "self-hating Jew".
    4 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

  • paola
    5.0 out of 5 stars excellent
    Reviewed in Canada on September 26, 2020
    Verified Purchase
    book arrived in perfect condition ahead of expected date
    very satisfied
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  • Mo Abdul
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great facts
    Reviewed in Canada on January 11, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    Supported facts, good read to enlighten yourself about true history.
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  • james mayer
    5.0 out of 5 stars The origins of the Ashkenazi
    Reviewed in Canada on January 17, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    Koestler gives a generously researched background to the Khazars the majority of whom converted to Judaism and are recognized today as the Ashkanazi who now live all over the world. It is an insight I was not aware of before. Thanks for your part to make this possible. James Mayer.
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  • Annastras
    5.0 out of 5 stars Interesting
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 3, 2023
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    Very interesting read.
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  • Amazon Customer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on April 12, 2018
    Verified Purchase
    This was an interesting read. A well written book.
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