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Thinking in Systems: A Primer

4.5 out of 5 stars 251 customer reviews
ISBN-13: 978-1603580557
ISBN-10: 1603580557
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Product Details

  • Paperback: 240 pages
  • Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing (December 3, 2008)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1603580557
  • ISBN-13: 978-1603580557
  • Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.7 x 9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 4.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (251 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #4,222 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Top Customer Reviews

By Carolyn Thornlow on January 12, 2009
Format: Paperback Verified Purchase
In a nutshell, this book is about systems. So much more than this, it is a journey into the meta-rules of how the universe and everything in it comes and "plays" together. There is one thing to be understood that applies to physiology, businesses, economies, plants and puppies alike. Everything is a system. And all systems have behaviors and rules. As Donella Meadows writes: "The trick...is to recognize what structures contain which latent behaviors, and what conditions release those behaviors -- and where possible to arrange the structures and conditions to reduce the probability of destructive behaviors and to encourage the possibility of beneficial ones."

Grasping "the whole universe" is certainly a momumental task. The book brilliantly presents concepts in very graspable units. She starts with picturing what a system is -- a stock with inflows and outflows that affect its stability and all of which are further affected by feedback loops and delays.

So armed with this model, individuals may be better guided in their decisions and actions as it becomes clear that actions can beget other actions and reactions (or unintended consequences.) But there is even more complexity. For instance, policies are a way to control the stocks and flows within a system. However, one of several behavior archetypes is policy resistance which comes from the bounded rationality of the actors within a system, each with his or her own goal. Meadows takes the reader on a deep and thought-provoking journey through all the behavior archetypes of systems. The result is an empowering "forewarned is forearmed" knowledge.

That is the ultimate goal of this book.
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I first learned and practiced systems analysis back in the 1970s, and it's a skill that seems neglected in the training of many young professionals I come in contact with.

"Thinking in Systems: A Primer" is a book I hoped would be informative and accessible for people who need to develop the skill or just refresh their own talents. It does present its subject systematically and without confusing jargon.

While I found the writing clear and well-organized in its development and presentation of the subject, I found many of the illustrations less than helpful. I would have liked a less holistic and more concrete development of the analysis of the examples in the book.

For use as a textbook, an appendix with a glossary of terms of art and sybols would be very helpful. Nonetheless, reading this will give the novice an appreciation of what systems analysis is, and why it is critical to problem solving. Its informal approach may be more suited for young people today than a more formal and rigidly structured treatment.
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Format: Paperback Verified Purchase
In her "Note from the Editor," Diana Wright advises the reader that the manuscript for "Thinking in Systems" went unpublished for eight years before Dana Meadows' unfortunate death. Perhaps there was a reason for that: perhaps Dana Meadows recognized that the manuscript was not ready for publication. For the text is uncertain whether it is an introduction to systems analysis as a scientific endeavor, a tableau of counter-intuitive results "explained" by "systems thinking", or a pseudo-analytic basis for the usual policy preferences of the political left. In its raw form, it is a mish-mash of these and other incomplete themes, so by the end you're not sure what the point was.

Were it an introductory text in systems analysis for freshman students of English literature, the first four chapters might be ok. Meadows introduces the notions of stocks, inputs, and outputs in a way that could persuade a non-technical reader that systems analysis was a quantitative science and that the relevant quantities might be computed so long as students from another department were available. She also introduces the notion of feedback and discusses the qualitatively different forms of output resulting from positive or negative feedback. She even discusses the effects on the output of varying feedback delay. This may be about as far as you can go without introducing any math, and as Meadows did not introduce any math, this also might have been a good place to stop.

But sadly, the editors chose to publish what came next. Next was chapter 5, "Systems Traps...and Opportunities." Here we find discussions of a variety of very complicated systems--Romanian and Swedish abortion policy, for example--whose analysis is beyond most humans, let alone freshman literature students.
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I'm a systems thinker by nature, and this book is excellent. She first gives a broad description of what a system is and uses several examples so you can see the familiar pattern everywhere. I especially liked her analysis of leverage points and problem behaviors. It is hard to believe this was written in the 90's, her examples have modern day relevance, sadly in part do to our failure to recognize/change the given system(s). Excellent, excellent book! :)
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Format: Paperback
I have been studying complexity theory a lot recently (as part of my own research) and read dozens of books about it and all kinds of vaguely related subjects. As such, there wasn't much in this book that was completely new to me. In spite of this, Thinking in Systems felt like an eye-opener that brought many things together very neatly. It also put some things I've known for an even longer time - from reading about sociology, say - into a neat general framework. So many things are systems that operate under their own laws, but we may imagine them to be much simpler to change than that, or to be directly based on individual choices in case of social systems. So this book perfectly plausibly brings thermostats and social inequalities under the same general framework.

Part one, which explains the basics of how to model systems, is written in a refreshingly clear way that hides the essential mathematics but doesn't remove it. As a reader, you don't have to so much as look at off-puttingly complicated-looking equations. You just need to roughly understand diagrams of connections of individually simple things like inflow, outflow, stock, and feedback, while other diagrams show the development of the example systems under different conditions. The text verbally explains why this happens, and basically you need to understand only as much of the detail as you're interested in knowing. Yet the behavior-over-time graphs are apparently generated by real mathematical modelling, and the appendix contains model equations for those interested. As someone who understands the importance of mathematics in such a context but to whom complex mathematics doesn't come naturally, I thought this a very good way to popularly introduce models involving mathematics.
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