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The Unconquerable World: Power, Nonviolence, and the Will of the People Paperback – July 7, 2004
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"This book mounts perhaps the most impressive argument ever made that there exists a viable and desirable alternative to the continued reliance on war." -The New York Times
At times of global crisis, Jonathan Schell's writings have offered important alternatives to conventional thinking. Now, as conflict escalates around the world, Schell gives us an impassioned, provocative book that points the way out of the unparalleled devastation of the twentieth century toward another, more peaceful path.
Tracing the expansion of violence to its culmination in nuclear stalemate, Schell uncovers a simultaneous but little-noted history of nonviolent action at every level of political life. His investigation ranges from the revolutions of America, France, and Russia, to the people's wars of China and Vietnam, to the great nonviolent events of modern times-including Gandhi's independence movement in India and the explosion of civic activity that brought about the surprising collapse of the Soviet Union.
Suggesting foundations of an entirely new kind on which to construct an enduring peace, The Unconquerable World is a bold book of sweeping significance.
- Print length448 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- Publication dateJuly 7, 2004
- Dimensions5.5 x 1 x 8.5 inches
- ISBN-100805044574
- ISBN-13978-0805044577
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A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-violent ConflictPaperback
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- Publisher : Holt Paperbacks; Reprint edition (July 7, 2004)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 448 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0805044574
- ISBN-13 : 978-0805044577
- Item Weight : 1.25 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 1 x 8.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #207,966 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #36 in War & Peace (Books)
- #52 in Non-US Legal Systems (Books)
- #69 in Comparative Politics
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bottom-up fight for freedom waged by colonized peoples over the last 250
years is nothing short of revolutionary. The basis of the analytical framework he builds to explicate the different varieties of colonial oppression and local resistance, Schell historicizes people's war in its most important incarnations starting with the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion, moving through Gandhi's non-violent formulation which he developed in South Africa and employed against the British in India, discussing how this form of resistance taken up by Martin Luther King to fight the people's war against the squalid Jim Crow regime in the American South. He notes that over time, "people's war" has been successful more often than it has not, that colonial regimes cannot win against forces which refuse to fight using oppressor's tactics, or use the narrow forms of redress, such as "working through the system," which are offered by those in power under the head of democracy.
He begins by examining the great military strategist Von Clausewitz's theory of warfare. In a section that it perhaps somewhat overlong, Schell takes apart Clausewitz in light of the changes in warfare since Clausewitz's time. Clausewitz did witness the first examples of total war in which every citizen was enlisted in the war as either a soldier or as a possible target of war -- the great "democratic" army of Napoleon, and wrote about it in contrast to prior European wars where relatively small forces of men fought limited conflicts for their aristocratic masters. What Clausewitz could not see was that with the emergence of the atomic bomb, total war was extended beyond competing nations, their peoples and ideologies, to include the entire world and the possible destruction of humanity. He notes, as does Jeremi Suri does in his history of the post-nuclear age, POWER AND THE PEOPLE, that the possession of nuclear weapons and the protests such weapons engendered (including the proxy wars fought by client states which became a feature of the post WWII landscape and were much more likely to end a global conflagration than skirmishes before the bomb) ultimately served to push together the Soviet Union and United States out of fear of their own people.
Schell also discusses various theories of power, including the Hobbesian justification of power, the Weberian observation that the state holds power by reserving the right to violence. He upends a lot of this theory by noting that fear and intimidation only work for so long. Eventually people begin, like water freezing in a crack in the sidewalk, to break apart the structures of such regimes. He discusses how Vaclav Havel and his friends during the Soviet occupation initiated a small scale alternative "government" which sought to deliver minimal social goods, a stop that worked to give citizens a way to see they could exert control over their own lives even in the shadow of the totalitarian state. This strategy that has been used since the American elite formed the Committees of Correspondence and the Continental Congress to throw off the oppressive economic policies of their colonial masters. The "people's government" was in place and thus Washington's task was to outlast his opponents so that this government could take its rightful place -- a strategy which has been used in successful "people's war" ever since. Once the state is made irrelevant, it ceases to exist, an analysis growing out of Hannah Arendt's discussions of power.
It is hard to do justice to a work like this in a short review. Schell advances a fairly radical theory here, but his evidence is sound, his argument is clear and straightforward (although a bit repetitive). Perhaps most compelling in this age of "terror," Schell helps us see that resistance against colonial powers and homegrown totalitarian regimes has a long history, and that for the most part, that people's war has been successful.
[...]
So I read through the book with those posts in mind, along with looking for 5GW ideas ([...] )and xGW ideas in general.
My notes:
* The book of course doesn't use terminology like 4GW and 5GW, but it is in the ballpark.
* The book does outline its own conflict taxonomy: Total War (think 2GW and 3GW), People's War (think 4GW) and Non-violent Action and Activism (think 5GWish).
* He does not quite get all the way to a 5GW theory though.
* 5GW-ish Examples used: Ghandi, MLK, non-violent movements in eastern Europe and Russia that (helped) bring down the USSR.
* The People's War Section (aka 4GW) covers Mao and China, and Vietnam.
* "It was the genius of the inventors of people's war to challenge this deceptively self-evident proposition [Pslog: That an enemy is defeated when they are ready to do are will] by discovering, in the very midst of battle, the power of politics. What if, the inventor's of people's war asked, the people on the losing side declines to do the will of the conqueror and, taking a further step, organized itself politically to conduct its own business? In people's war, political organization did not stand on its own; it was interwoven with the military struggle into Mao's seamless fabric."
* The general purpose strategies for states in relations among each other are: Universal Empire (aggressive), seeking to maintain a balance of power (defensive), collective security by a group a sates pooling together.
* Quoting a 5GW statements of John Adams on the American Revolution: "The revolution was in the minds of the people, and in the union of the colonies, both of which were accomplished before hostilities commenced"
* He is a lefty, and found those parts of the book off-putting.
* I quite liked the historical parts on China, Ghandi and MLK.
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This is more than a book supporting pacifism. Schell does not argue against military intervention per se. Rather, his thesis is that military power is not only becoming an increasingly ineffective political tool, but one that creates more problems than it solves.
This is an important, accessible book, that will no doubt join the works of Paul Kingsnorth and Naomi Klein as one of the 'must reads' for those involved in the anti-globalization movement.






