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Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy Kindle Edition
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Shortlisted for the Lionel Gelber Prize
A Responsible Statecraft best foreign policy book of 2023
A deeply researched investigation that reveals how the United States is like a spider at the heart of an international web of surveillance and control, which it weaves in the form of globe-spanning networks such as fiber optic cables and obscure payment systems
America’s security state first started to weaponize these channels after 9/11, when they seemed like necessities to combat terrorism—but now they’re a matter of course. Multinational companies like AT&T and Citicorp build hubs, which they use to make money, but which the government can also deploy as choke points. Today’s headlines about trade wars, sanctions, and technology disputes are merely tremors hinting at far greater seismic shifts beneath the surface.
Slowly but surely, Washington has turned the most vital pathways of the world economy into tools of domination over foreign businesses and countries, whether they are rivals or allies, allowing the U.S. to maintain global supremacy. In the process, we have sleepwalked into a new struggle for empire. Using true stories, field-defining findings, and original reporting, Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman show how the most ordinary aspects of the post–Cold War economy have become realms of subterfuge and coercion, and what we must do to ensure that this new arms race doesn’t spiral out of control.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHenry Holt and Co.
- Publication dateSeptember 12, 2023
- File size2532 KB
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From the Publisher
Editorial Reviews
Review
“Farrell and Newman’s book is like an MRI or CT scan of recent world history, giving us a new and startling image of the global body politic, as clear as an X-ray. Cognitive mapping takes on a new aspect with their analysis, as they shift from the technological to the historical, showing both how this new nervous system of world power came to be, and how it could be put to better use than it is now. Given the intertwined complexities of our very dangerous polycrisis, we need their insights.”
―Kim Stanley Robinson, author of The Ministry for the Future
“Underground Empire is an astonishing explanation of how power really works. From fiber optic cables to the financial system, Farrell and Newman show how the networks that knit us together are also powerful coercive tools, providing a subtle and revelatory account of how the United States learned to weaponize its dominance of the world order’s plumbing. A riveting read, essential for understanding how economic and technological power is wielded today.”
―Chris Miller, author of Chip War
“An eye-opening journey into the hidden networks that power the high-tech world, where all roads lead not to Silicon Valley but to suburban Washington DC, bankers and spies matter as much as tech entrepreneurs, and an industry built by the Cold War has become a geopolitical battleground once again. A truly important book to explain―and move beyond―our tumultuous times.”
―Margaret O’Mara, author of The Code
“The sharpest and most striking analysis I’ve seen in years of the state the world’s in, cunningly disguised as a user-friendly business book.”
―Francis Spufford, author of Golden Hill
“Underground Empire tells a riveting story about the deep forces that have shaped our present moment. The book is a portrait not of a single protagonist or event, but rather a system that shapes much of the world today: a web of dollars and data that has, half accidentally, given the United States a new kind of geopolitical control over both its enemies and allies. It is history written in its most powerful form: a view of the recent past that gives us a new lens to better discern our future.”
―Steven Johnson, author of How We Got to Now
"Like an iceberg, most of the power and almost all the mechanisms of economic coercion are below the surface, in the very infrastructure that undergirds international commerce. . . . Underground Empire should rightly stimulate much discussion."
―Wesley K. Clark, The Washington Monthly
About the Author
Abraham L. Newman is a professor at the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. Known for his research on the politics generated by globalization, he serves as a frequent commentator on international affairs, appearing on news programs ranging from Al Jazeera to Deutsche Welle and NPR. His work has been published in leading outlets like The New York Times, The Washington Post, Nature, Science, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Harvard Business Review, and Politico. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
Product details
- ASIN : B0BST43C5D
- Publisher : Henry Holt and Co. (September 12, 2023)
- Publication date : September 12, 2023
- Language : English
- File size : 2532 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 281 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #137,045 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Henry Farrell is SNF Agora Institute Professor at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, 2019 winner of the Friedrich Schiedel Prize for Politics and Technology, and Editor in Chief of the Monkey Cage blog at the Washington Post. He has previously been a professor at George Washington University and the University of Toronto, a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, and a senior research fellow at the Max-Planck Project Group in Bonn, Germany. He works on a variety of topics, including democracy, the politics of the Internet and international and comparative political economy. His first book, The Political Economy of Trust: Interests, Institutions and Inter-Firm Cooperation, was published in 2009 by Cambridge University Press. His second (with Abraham Newman) Of Privacy and Power: The Transatlantic Fight over Freedom and Security, was published in 2019 by Princeton University Press, and has been awarded the 2019 Chicago-Kent College of Law / Roy C. Palmer Civil Liberties Prize and the ISA-ICOMM Best Book Award. In addition he has authored or co-authored 34 academic articles, as well as several book chapters and numerous non-academic publications. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Abraham L. Newman is professor of Government and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He is the Director of the Mortara Center for International Studies. His research focuses on the politics generated by globalization and is the co-author Of Privacy and Power: The Transatlantic Struggle over Freedom and Security (Princeton University Press 2019), which was the winner of the 2019 Chicago-Kent College of Law / Roy C. Palmer Civil Liberties Prize, the 2020 International Studies Association ICOMM Best Book Award, and one of Foreign Affairs’ Best Books of 2019, co-author of Voluntary Disruptions: International Soft Law, Finance and Power (Oxford University Press 2018), author of Protectors of Privacy: Regulating Personal Data in the Global Economy (Cornell University Press 2008) and the co-editor of How Revolutionary was the Digital Revolution (Stanford University Press 2006). His work has appeared in a range of journals including Comparative Political Studies, International Organization, International Security, Science, and World Politics.
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Top reviews from the United States
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A moment's reflection also provides an understanding of why the U.S. is so worried about China's acquisition of A.I. and quantum computer encryption-breaking capabilities. I'm wondering if this ability to spy on communications, servers and databases is so valuable, why are we unable to severely limit the flow of illegal drugs into the U.S., and were caught off-guard along with Israel in the recent Hamas surprise attack on Israel.
Then on to banking in the 1960s, when international banking barely existed. In 1956 the first transatlantic cable carrying voice transmissions had been laid in 1956, and allowed 36 simultaneous calls. By 1970 pneumatic tubes were sometimes used to communicate between departments. Walter Wriston and his Citibank associates created 'certificates of deposit' to smooth international transactions for American businesses. The U.S. dollar became the universal basis of international trade, and London and Italy became major locations of exchange. 'Eurodollars' couldn't be used for anything other than buying other currencies, and had to be backed by real dollars sitting in a U.S. bank and responsible to U.S. laws and regulations. Letters of Credit could be forged, however, and take weeks to arrive via sea voyage. Every time money went from one nation to another it had to go through Citibank's system - raising concerns about other banks being potentially held hostage by Citibank.
Meanwhile, a Dutch banker had persuaded a group of European banks to found the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) in 1973 as an alternative. SWIFT was based in Belgium. Fear of Citibank led to fast adoption of SWIFT - 270 member banks in 15 countries by the end of 1975. Today, SWIFT's messaging system carries over 10 billion messages/year, facilitating 1.25 quadrillion in transactions and there was no real alternative. Also no U.S. government involvement.
The first digital fiber-optic cable in 1988 could carry 40,000 simultaneous phone calls, only to be swallowed up in the 1990s by the Internet. In the early 2000s, Ashburn, Va. became a cloud computing center from Amazon Web, Microsoft, and Google. Since the Internet was 'distributed,' autonomous 'router' computers figured out the most efficient ways to send information.
Most of the book was taken up with arcane discussions of the legality of this and that - which I'm not interested in. However, it was also very ironic learning how much we spy on American citizens (eg. 30,000 - 40,000/month), while slamming China for its visual surveillance.
I found this book eye-opening. I did not know anything about how the internet has choke holds in certain areas where the information is gathered then forwarded. The United States has a lot of these hub areas, and the government has used them to spy on people, businesses, and counties. I learned a lot. I found it interesting how a country or business can quickly become a "persona non gratis" to the whole world with a threat by the US. There are court cases about the spying. Other countries, China in particular, are trying to find ways past these US choke holds but so far have not been able to come up with a new network.
This book was written simply enough that someone with no knowledge or understanding of the internet and spying could easily understand it. I found by the end of a paragraph I could grasp an idea, sometimes re-reading the paragraph so it made sense. I think all people need to read this. Fascinating!
Top reviews from other countries
Their positive plea at the end for a more collaborative approach would make more sense if it wasn't based on yet more coercion by the USA to fall in line with what they perceive to be good for the world, at least what the current administration thinks is good for now. A kind of 'do as we say not as we do'.
Nevertheless, their warning that weaponising the underground empire could lead to as bad or even worse consequences than other means of destabilising and destroying the world is spot-on.
But now that the genie is out of the bottle, thanks largely to Edward Snowden and other brave whistleblowers, it's going to be tough to get it back in.
Putin and Xi could only wish they had the powers that the US has in respect of their control of the Underground Empire and so it's no surprise that they should wish to undermine it and soon.
susceptible to host-State political control.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on November 6, 2023





