There is an enormous amount of published educational research available, and it seems to support just about everyone's point of view. Hattie has done a lot of work gathering and summarising data to produce this book, which attempts to compare a large number of different ideas on an even footing. Aggregating research about education and turning it into actionable knowledge is really challenging, and the kind of project Hattie has undertaken is something very important. However, a number of issues keep it from being particularly useful.
There appears to have been no consideration of data quality or causality while putting the research together. Data quality is clearly an issue - the average effect size in all the interventions identified by Hattie is 0.4. It is highly implausible that trying anything at all will result in an expected improvement of 0.4 standard deviations when state & national average results barely change at all, and when they do they go down as often as they go up. Not attempting to deal with this leaves a reader to their own devices to guess what may or may not be relied on.
Causality is also very important. Students' expectations of their own grades are highly predictive, and this is accorded one of the largest "effect sizes" in the work. However, this is of little importance to teachers, because it is not the case that students' expectations are a major cause of their success or lack thereof - it's mostly the case that students, being intelligent people with access to a lot of information about their ability, motivation and the challenges of the curriculum, are able to make accurate predictions of their success in it. While this may be nice to know, and there may be a small causal component to student expectations, making no distinction between causal effects and things that just happen to be associated with success again leaves the reader to guess as to which things might actually be good ideas to try.
Finally, Hattie's written summaries are poor. There are few explanations of what went on in the studies that make up the data summarised and fewer connections from these studies to Hattie's grand theories of educations. Under the heading of "feedback", coming with one of the largest effect sizes identified, Hattie explains that he spend a long time misunderstanding feedback until he realised feedback from students to teachers was important. Why is he confused about the difference between teacher->student and student->teacher feedback? Why are they collected under the same heading? Most importantly, how does this help me work out how to incorporate more effective feedback into my classes... should I be spending most of my time on surveys?
Overall, it is a good concept, but I didn't actually get much from reading it. I think the Education Endowment Foundation's Teaching and Learning Toolkit is a much better execution of the same idea.
Visible Learning 1st Edition
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Editorial Reviews
About the Author
John Hattie is Professor of Education and Director of the Visible Learning Labs, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Product details
- Item Weight : 1.9 pounds
- Paperback : 392 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0415476186
- ISBN-13 : 978-0415476188
- Product Dimensions : 6.85 x 0.89 x 9.69 inches
- Publisher : Routledge; 1st Edition (December 26, 2008)
- Language: : English
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Best-sellers rank #131,691 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#199 in Education Administration (Books)
#294 in Educational Psychology (Books)
#305 in Education Reform & Policy
- Customer Reviews:
Customer reviews
4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
126 customer ratings
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Reviewed in the United States on June 20, 2017
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Reviewed in the United States on February 19, 2018
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Great content, but entire CHAPTER 8 is missing from the book. It jumps from p.126 to p. 159. Ironically, this was the chapter I was most interested in reading. Hope it's the only book like that and not the whole batch. Buyer beware!
Reviewed in the United States on March 28, 2018
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This book is packed with statistical analysis of various practices in the education system. It was eye opening to see that some of the practices we are using have a negative or moderate impact on students -based on the research.
The only reason I gave the book four stars is due to the fact my book came with two chapter 7s and no chapter 8. I’ve missed the return date so if you’re not planning to read it right away you might flip through to make sure you have all of the chapters.
The only reason I gave the book four stars is due to the fact my book came with two chapter 7s and no chapter 8. I’ve missed the return date so if you’re not planning to read it right away you might flip through to make sure you have all of the chapters.
Reviewed in the United States on July 6, 2018
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The most meaningful collection of meta- analysis in education. Provides a clear indication of the most (and least) important factors in education. A must read book for all K-12 educators and administrators.
Reviewed in the United States on April 10, 2018
Verified Purchase
Very interesting way to evaluate school-wide and student-based data. Reader will need a grasp of basic statistical analysis. Hattie presents material very well and will challenge the reader to do deeper thought about data.
Reviewed in the United States on September 25, 2018
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Let's take the guessing game out of what's working; challenge what we are doing; and recognize that some strategies just work for us because of our commitment to the process.
Reviewed in the United States on April 16, 2014
Verified Purchase
This is a super metaresearch book on almost any educational topic. It shows the metrics for almost any topic and what we currently know in research. As an Ed.D. student, this is a great primer for almost any topic in research. It offers a great jump-off point of showing seminal researchers.
Reviewed in the United States on June 6, 2009
Verified Purchase
A book whose time has come.
This is a detailed contribution to the educators library, on the important theme- what affects educational outcomes for our students. Given the size and detail, it is best suited to the educated professional, but is also accessible enough for the educated reader - though having little opportunity to affect any change may prove frustrating.
The book is broken down into sections looking at the different influences on outcomes such as the influence from home, school reforms, principal, and teacher and teaching practices etc. Within these sections all the influences are assessed using a statistical comparison called 'effect size'. This aims to be a common scale on which to measure effectiveness- a nice speedometer type graphic is used to indicate the rating for each item.
Think sending a child to an 'elite' child will turn them into a rhodes scholar?
Think keeping a child down a grade if they are not progressing is a good idea?
Think the lauded 'direct instruction' technique is chalk, talk and worksheets?
Read on and see what the current evidence indicates- and it is not always what we want to hear.
Noteably most influences are positive- but the aim of the work is to find out what has a significant influence so that efforts can be made on practices that are more effective. In contrast to one of the other reviewers - there are some questions that are not answered in this book - namely which interventions work best with which types of students? It is great to know what 'on average' is more effective, but this is qualified by the fact that each intervention varies in effectiveness in different studies. This variance should be a source of further study so that we can know which strategy to use and when it is most appropriate to use it.
The other issue that is not acknowledged by some reviewers here is that the measure of success in this type of study is purely academic - did they learn more content or skills than at the beginning and in contrast to a control group. What it also does not tell us about are the other outcomes that are important too - were the students more engaged in their learning, did they become better learners, did they learn other (real world) skills that are useful, and did they learn to get along and work together better? These are all important outcomes that young people arguably need to learn to survive in a fast changing, modern world.
The other qualifier I would need to add is that some areas- such as the effective use of technology are largely dependent on the skill of teachers to design instructional practices that are complimentary and sophisticated enough to be effective. Currently teacher capacity in this area is still emerging and so the results here I would have to conclude are tentative, or at least open for review. The more recent works of Robert Marzano have shown far more promise in this area- particularly for interactive white boards.
As with all strategies, procedures or practices - no two practitioners, classrooms or school communities are alike and the research evidence presented by the late Graham Nuthall in "The Hidden Lives of Learners' indicated that a good educator continually modifies and adapts 'what works' at the chalkface every day. This would then be a qualifying consideration when analyzing the book. Hattie himself lists others including; the cost of the intervention, and from memory I think the complexity of implementation is also discussed. So don't use the work as a recipe book for state intervention in schools!
Overall an extremely informative book - sorts the wheat from the chaff, but must be read critically and in concert with other books from authors such as Marzano and Nuthall.
This is a detailed contribution to the educators library, on the important theme- what affects educational outcomes for our students. Given the size and detail, it is best suited to the educated professional, but is also accessible enough for the educated reader - though having little opportunity to affect any change may prove frustrating.
The book is broken down into sections looking at the different influences on outcomes such as the influence from home, school reforms, principal, and teacher and teaching practices etc. Within these sections all the influences are assessed using a statistical comparison called 'effect size'. This aims to be a common scale on which to measure effectiveness- a nice speedometer type graphic is used to indicate the rating for each item.
Think sending a child to an 'elite' child will turn them into a rhodes scholar?
Think keeping a child down a grade if they are not progressing is a good idea?
Think the lauded 'direct instruction' technique is chalk, talk and worksheets?
Read on and see what the current evidence indicates- and it is not always what we want to hear.
Noteably most influences are positive- but the aim of the work is to find out what has a significant influence so that efforts can be made on practices that are more effective. In contrast to one of the other reviewers - there are some questions that are not answered in this book - namely which interventions work best with which types of students? It is great to know what 'on average' is more effective, but this is qualified by the fact that each intervention varies in effectiveness in different studies. This variance should be a source of further study so that we can know which strategy to use and when it is most appropriate to use it.
The other issue that is not acknowledged by some reviewers here is that the measure of success in this type of study is purely academic - did they learn more content or skills than at the beginning and in contrast to a control group. What it also does not tell us about are the other outcomes that are important too - were the students more engaged in their learning, did they become better learners, did they learn other (real world) skills that are useful, and did they learn to get along and work together better? These are all important outcomes that young people arguably need to learn to survive in a fast changing, modern world.
The other qualifier I would need to add is that some areas- such as the effective use of technology are largely dependent on the skill of teachers to design instructional practices that are complimentary and sophisticated enough to be effective. Currently teacher capacity in this area is still emerging and so the results here I would have to conclude are tentative, or at least open for review. The more recent works of Robert Marzano have shown far more promise in this area- particularly for interactive white boards.
As with all strategies, procedures or practices - no two practitioners, classrooms or school communities are alike and the research evidence presented by the late Graham Nuthall in "The Hidden Lives of Learners' indicated that a good educator continually modifies and adapts 'what works' at the chalkface every day. This would then be a qualifying consideration when analyzing the book. Hattie himself lists others including; the cost of the intervention, and from memory I think the complexity of implementation is also discussed. So don't use the work as a recipe book for state intervention in schools!
Overall an extremely informative book - sorts the wheat from the chaff, but must be read critically and in concert with other books from authors such as Marzano and Nuthall.
Top international reviews
The Archeeros
5.0 out of 5 stars
Essential reading
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 11, 2012Verified Purchase
If you want to know what schools should focus on (and what they do but shouldn't) read this book. It provides an excellent account of all that we think we know about learning outcomes through meta-analyses of research carried out since, well, there was some decent educational research carried out. Perhaps, a slightly dubious concept that, but hey ho. I think it has been described as the Holy Grail of education, and it is indeed, just that. However, it needs to be supplemented with some of the research findings coming out from neuroscience and there are gaps when it comes to how teaching and learning should actually take place in the classroom. But it certainly sets the scene for informed debate (imagine such a thing...)
4 people found this helpful
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Good value
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on April 8, 2020Verified Purchase
Good book
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AndyWicks
5.0 out of 5 stars
... teaching should read this - he has done an amazing job. These are the techniques that have been ...
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on November 10, 2014Verified Purchase
Everyone in teaching should read this - he has done an amazing job. These are the techniques that have been proven to work.
One person found this helpful
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GrandBassa
3.0 out of 5 stars
Good read. Original work, but need more examination of why educational factors are more or less effective.
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on April 11, 2016Verified Purchase
Excellent meta-analysis of meta-analysis. Original approach to analytics in educational research, but lacking depth into why some indicators are not effective.
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Five Stars
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 20, 2014Verified Purchase
Great book.
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sam m.
5.0 out of 5 stars
Five Stars
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on February 18, 2016Verified Purchase
Great read.
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Linda Greetham
4.0 out of 5 stars
Good
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 6, 2014Verified Purchase
Very helpful and informative. Got the informative needed.
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SnowPharoah
4.0 out of 5 stars
Interesting book, but this is a starting point
Reviewed in Canada on August 1, 2016Verified Purchase
A tricky book for a number of reasons... John Hattie has synthesized literally thousands of research studies to answer the basic fundamental question: What helps kids achieve in school? This book has attracted much attention in both school settings, the media and academia. While I appreciate the effort (this is a major achievement) I question some of the utility of this book for a couple of reasons. First, being an academic myself, I find that there is an oversimplification of the research. Case in point: Hattie's synthesized research shows that classroom ratio (number of kids/number of teachers in a classroom) is not an important issue to consider when one is interested in improving academic achievement in kids. I know a bit about this research and what it really says is this. If you have a classroom with 28 kids, reducing to 23 or 22 will not have a meaningful effect on kids' academic achievement. In this respect, Hattie gets this right. However, almost all research shows that when students are able to spend more quality time with a teacher in small groups (fewer than 8 or so) or individually, learning and achievement almost always increase in exponential ways. Not many studies address the importance of small groups and individual meetings with teachers and as such, this type of research is not represented. This is a problem of "over-synthesizing" the work that is done in academia.
Second, socially, it is difficult to appropriately understand the impact of schools and school practices on kids' learning without considering characteristics of kids and their families. The Hattie book does not consider whether results apply to grade school or high school (or other) kids. There is no consideration for how different factors play in achievement as a function of socioeconomic risk (which is where most of the academic problems are encountered) or for kids who experience challenges because of family issues, handicaps or disabilities. Many practices are implemented with specifically these kids in mind and overgeneralization of results from non applicable research may lead to faulty conclusions.
Third, those who study academic achievement are increasingly integrating the idea that family and child factors dominate the prediction of who will do well and who will have trouble in their journey through school. These factors have explicitly been ignored by Hattie.
I do not want to be overly harsh with Hattie. He has done everyone a great service in synthesizing results and getting a whole bunch of new conversations started with the results he has obtained. And he has done a masterful job of making the research accessible to non academic readers. However, the potential danger is one of deciding that the synthesis that is offered is a conclusion, rather than a starting point for discussion. There are only starting points in this book. No conclusions.
Second, socially, it is difficult to appropriately understand the impact of schools and school practices on kids' learning without considering characteristics of kids and their families. The Hattie book does not consider whether results apply to grade school or high school (or other) kids. There is no consideration for how different factors play in achievement as a function of socioeconomic risk (which is where most of the academic problems are encountered) or for kids who experience challenges because of family issues, handicaps or disabilities. Many practices are implemented with specifically these kids in mind and overgeneralization of results from non applicable research may lead to faulty conclusions.
Third, those who study academic achievement are increasingly integrating the idea that family and child factors dominate the prediction of who will do well and who will have trouble in their journey through school. These factors have explicitly been ignored by Hattie.
I do not want to be overly harsh with Hattie. He has done everyone a great service in synthesizing results and getting a whole bunch of new conversations started with the results he has obtained. And he has done a masterful job of making the research accessible to non academic readers. However, the potential danger is one of deciding that the synthesis that is offered is a conclusion, rather than a starting point for discussion. There are only starting points in this book. No conclusions.
3 people found this helpful
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Dr. Volker Hagemeister
1.0 out of 5 stars
Große Ansprüche, viele Fehler bei Hattie
Reviewed in Germany on August 1, 2014Verified Purchase
Das Buch tritt mich hohen Ansprüchen an, wird diesen aber bei genauerem Hinsehen keineswegs gerecht. Zum Beispiel beim Thema "Klassenfrequenz": Bei der Studie von Dustmann (2003), die in die "Meta-Analyse" einfließt, hat die Wirkung bei Hattie ein negatives Vorzeichen (siehe Seite 87). Hatties Leser müssen damit annehmen, dass Dustmann festgestellt habe, dass mit geringerer Klassenfrequenz die Testleistungen der Schüler schlechter werden. Tatsächlich hat Dustmann festgestellt, dass sich kleine Klassen in vielfältiger Weise vorteilhaft auswirken. Die Korrelationen zwischen Klassenfrequenz und Testleistungen haben bei Dustmann in der Tat negative Vorzeichen: Je größer die Klasse desto schlechter die Testleistungen. In Hatties Tabelle auf Seite 87 hätte man diese Vorzeichen umdrehen müssen, da hier die Wirkung kleiner Klassen auf Testleistungen aufgeführt werden.
8 people found this helpful
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DJC
5.0 out of 5 stars
Fascinating and relevant
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 23, 2012Verified Purchase
As a senior leader in a UK academy, I try to stay abreast of current educational thinking. However, so much of what I read is modish and over-hyped, and often the result of a knee jerk reaction to government thinking. As Hattie says in the final chapter of this book, little of what we implement in schools today is based on a depth of research. It is reaction-based innovation rather than evidence-based.
In this book, Hattie dispels many of the more prevalent attitudes to learning today. By distilling the findings of around 800 meta-analyses, he has effectively assembled one the largest evidence bases in history. What he has discovered should warn us against some of the new practices we seem so bent on introducing. Problem-based learning? It may be good for acquiring skills like teamwork, but it does little to improve achievement. Homework? The advice is keep it short and focused, which again counters the more recent belief that extended, open ended home learning tasks are more effective. Directed teaching? This is still one of the most effective ways of getting students to learn.
One of the most interesting, and oft repeated refrains in the book is the importance of constructive feedback. Time and again Hattie emphasises just how important good feedback is: and that it is feedback from the student to the teacher, rather than the other way round, that is most effective. This, coupled with clear learning goals and an understanding on the part of the student of what success is, has the greatest impact on learning.
I urge anyone with an interest in raising attainment to read this book.
In this book, Hattie dispels many of the more prevalent attitudes to learning today. By distilling the findings of around 800 meta-analyses, he has effectively assembled one the largest evidence bases in history. What he has discovered should warn us against some of the new practices we seem so bent on introducing. Problem-based learning? It may be good for acquiring skills like teamwork, but it does little to improve achievement. Homework? The advice is keep it short and focused, which again counters the more recent belief that extended, open ended home learning tasks are more effective. Directed teaching? This is still one of the most effective ways of getting students to learn.
One of the most interesting, and oft repeated refrains in the book is the importance of constructive feedback. Time and again Hattie emphasises just how important good feedback is: and that it is feedback from the student to the teacher, rather than the other way round, that is most effective. This, coupled with clear learning goals and an understanding on the part of the student of what success is, has the greatest impact on learning.
I urge anyone with an interest in raising attainment to read this book.
12 people found this helpful
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zwergspitzora
5.0 out of 5 stars
an eye-opener!
Reviewed in Germany on July 8, 2013Verified Purchase
Es war an der Zeit, dass einmal deutlich gezeigt wurde: Niemand kann in den "Apparat Kind" ein paar Münzen in Form von Lernstoff hineinstecken, und dann muss zwingend "die gewünschte Ware" herauskommen. Man sollte das Buch wirklich lesen, anstatt sich auf aus dem Kontext gerissene und womöglich noch ideologisch instrumentalisierte Zitate in den Medien zu verlassen.
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5.0 out of 5 stars
Ok
Reviewed in Canada on January 12, 2019Verified Purchase
Livraison ok
Produit ok
Produit ok
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light
4.0 out of 5 stars
Research based information
Reviewed in Canada on September 25, 2013Verified Purchase
This book is well organized, broad in its meta-analysis of topics, and more easily accessible than most reports of research. I would imagine the audience would be those teachers/administrators who know something about how research is conducted and who might want to make sure that what/how the teachers are teaching reflects the current thinking.
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Matthias Muth
5.0 out of 5 stars
Must have for german teachers
Reviewed in Germany on July 2, 2014Verified Purchase
Man muss das Original lesen, denn deutsche Bildungspolitiker können nicht Englisch und erzählen so den Lehrern in Deutschland nur Märchen.
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G Smith
5.0 out of 5 stars
Came fast. Exactly as promised
Reviewed in Canada on May 10, 2020Verified Purchase
Came fast. Exactly as promised
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